Dear Colleagues,

Hypoxic (HI) injury is defined as the worsening of organ/cellular dysfunction and cell death following reduction in blood flow due to organ targeting or increases in oxygen consumption in a related tissue. Restoration of blood flow is essential to salvage ischemic tissues. However, reperfusion itself causes further damage, contributing to reversible and irreversible changes in tissue viability and organ function, the basic pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, especially oxidative stress, and cell death mechanism. When the blood supply is re-established, local inflammation and oxidative stress production increase, leading to secondary injury. Cell damage induced by prolonged ischemia must be distinguished from IR injury. It occurs in a wide range of organ systems, including the heart, lung, kidney, and brain. It may involve not only the ischemic organ itself but may also induce systemic damage to distant organs, potentially leading to multisystem organ failure, as different animal models have shown. Similar responses are seen in a human context, in patients exposed to acute and chronic hypoxia, from populations living in environments with low oxygen pressure, such as mountains (or high altitudes), to those suffering from conditions that induce hypoxia, such as what occurs at the cerebral and myocardial level with ischemic pathologies. Moreover, in some cancers, such as breast and colon, modulation of oxidative stress and tissue hypoxia could have a distant effect, for example, in the induction of cardiotoxicity.

This Special Issue is focused on the following topics:

-Current concepts of pathophysiology and therapies in cardiac HI and pharmacological preconditioning;

-Mechanisms of liver preconditioning in animal and clinical models of HI and IR injury;

-Current concepts of pathophysiology and therapies in cerebral HI and IR injury;

-Current concepts of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer: role of tumor microenvironment;

-Ex vivo models to reduce HI injury in organs for transplantation: role of antioxidants;

-Role of hypoxia in cardiovascular programing: mechanisms and potential therapeutic target with antioxidants;

-Role of microRNAs in the regulation of cardiac HI injury: animals and clinical settings.

Dr. Rodrigo L. Castillo
Guest Editor

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• tissue hypoxia
• reperfusion injury
• hypoxic preconditioning
• oxidative stress
• antioxidants
• hypoxic programing
• microRNA
• clinical hypoxic settings