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Antibiotics
Special Issues
New and Innovative Applications of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy, 2nd Edition
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New and Innovative Applications of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 10973

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Kristjan Plaetzer

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
Interests: antimicrobial photodynamic therapy; cold plasma; plant pathogens; food safety
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The first volume of the Special Issue “New and Innovative Applications of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy” was published in 2021. It has been a successful issue with seven published papers, and this has encouraged us to create a second volume on the same topic.

As a continuation of the Special Issue published in 2021, this second volume will also deliver an invaluable compendium of the latest approaches and challenges associated with the development of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. Topics may include, but are not limited to:

  • Antiviral and antifungal photodynamic therapy;
  • The application of aPDT in plant protection against pathogens;
  • Photodynamic decontamination for increased food safety;
  • The disinfection of surfaces and devices using photodynamic procedures;
  • Photo-insecticides;
  • The aPDT treatment of aquacultures;
  • The application of aPDT in veterinary medicine;
  • Self-disinfecting photoactive textiles;
  • New light sources tailored for aPDT.

Dr. Kristjan Plaetzer
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT)
  • plant pathogens
  • food safety
  • photo-insecticides
  • aquacultures

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 2997 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of Oil and Photosensitizer against Frankliniella occidentalis in Greenhouse Sweet Pepper
by Zelda Pieterse, Rosemarie Buitenhuis, Jun Liu, Michael Fefer and Inna Teshler
Antibiotics 2023, 12(3), 495; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030495 - 02 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1423
Abstract
Many common insect pests have developed resistance against the pesticides currently available, to the point where pest and disease management has become extremely difficult and expensive, increasing pressure on agriculture and food production. There is an urgent need to explore and utilize alternatives. [...] Read more.
Many common insect pests have developed resistance against the pesticides currently available, to the point where pest and disease management has become extremely difficult and expensive, increasing pressure on agriculture and food production. There is an urgent need to explore and utilize alternatives. Due to their unique mode of action, photosensitizers may be able to control insect pests effectively, especially in combination with oil-based products, without the risk of resistance build-up. In this study, the efficacy of a mineral oil-based horticultural spray oil, PureSpray™ Green (PSG), and a sodium magnesium chlorophyllin photosensitizer formulation, SUN-D-06 PS, were evaluated and compared to a registered cyantraniliprole insecticide (as positive control) and a negative control against western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis. In detached leaf ingestion assays, PSG at high concentration was more effective than low concentration, causing >70% WFT mortality, whilst SUN-D-06 PS + PSG caused higher mortality than cyantraniliprole after five days of feeding. The same combination was as effective as cyantraniliprole in the contact assay. In greenhouse pepper, the photosensitizer decreased the WFT more than mineral oil applied alone, whilst a combination treatment of SUN-D-06 PS + PSG was most effective, decreasing the WFT population to fewer than four WFT per plant. SUN-D-06 PS + PSG shows promise as a sustainable, economical way of controlling WFT, with the potential to be incorporated into existing integrated pest (and disease) management (IPM) programs with ease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New and Innovative Applications of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy, 2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 6362 KiB  
Article
Photo-Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus by Diaryl-Porphyrins
by Viviana Teresa Orlandi, Eleonora Martegani, Nicola Trivellin, Fabrizio Bolognese and Enrico Caruso
Antibiotics 2023, 12(2), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020228 - 20 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1003
Abstract
Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT) has received great attention in recent years since it is an effective and promising modality for the treatment of human oral and skin infections with the advantage of bypassing pathogens’ resistance to antimicrobials. Moreover, PACT applications demonstrated a certain [...] Read more.
Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT) has received great attention in recent years since it is an effective and promising modality for the treatment of human oral and skin infections with the advantage of bypassing pathogens’ resistance to antimicrobials. Moreover, PACT applications demonstrated a certain activity in the inhibition and eradication of biofilms, overcoming the well-known tolerance of sessile communities to antimicrobial agents. In this study, 13 diaryl-porphyrins (mono-, di-cationic, and non-ionic) P1–P13 were investigated for their potential as photosensitizer anti-Staphylococcus aureus. The efficacy of the diaryl-porphyrins was evaluated through photo-inactivation tests. Crystal-violet staining combined with viable count techniques were aimed at assaying their anti-biofilm activity. Among the tested compounds, the neutral photosensitizer P4 was better than the cationic ones, irrespective of their corresponding binding rates. In particular, P4 was active in inhibiting the biofilm formation and in impairing the viability of the adherent and planktonic populations of a 24 h old biofilm. The inhibitory activity was also efficient against a methicillin resistant S. aureus strain. In conclusion, the diaryl-porphyrin family represents a reservoir of promising compounds for photodynamic applications against the pathogen S. aureus and in preventing the formation of biofilms that cause many infections to become chronic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New and Innovative Applications of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy, 2nd Edition)
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11 pages, 1912 KiB  
Article
Effective Biofilm Eradication on Orthopedic Implants with Methylene Blue Based Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy In Vitro
by Julia Prinz, Marianne Wink, Sonja Neuhaus, Markus C. Grob, Heinrich Walt, Philipp P. Bosshard and Yvonne Achermann
Antibiotics 2023, 12(1), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010118 - 08 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4444
Abstract
Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) are difficult to treat due to biofilm formation on implant surfaces, often requiring removal or exchange of prostheses along with long-lasting antibiotic treatment. This in vitro study investigated the effect of methylene blue photodynamic therapy (MB-PDT) on PJI-causing biofilms [...] Read more.
Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) are difficult to treat due to biofilm formation on implant surfaces, often requiring removal or exchange of prostheses along with long-lasting antibiotic treatment. This in vitro study investigated the effect of methylene blue photodynamic therapy (MB-PDT) on PJI-causing biofilms on different implant materials. MB-PDT (664 nm LED, 15 J/cm2) was tested on different Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Cutibacterium acnes strains in both planktonic form and grown in early and mature biofilms on prosthetic materials (polyethylene, titanium alloys, cobalt–chrome-based alloys, and bone cement). The minimum bactericidal concentration with 100% killing (MBC100%) was determined. Chemical and topographical alterations were investigated on the prosthesis surfaces after MB-PDT. Results showed a MBC100% of 0.5–5 μg/mL for planktonic bacteria and 50–100 μg/mL for bacteria in biofilms—independent of the tested strain, the orthopedic material, or the maturity of the biofilm. Material testing showed no relevant surface modification. MB-PDT effectively eradicated common PJI pathogens on arthroplasty materials without damage to the materials, suggesting that MB-PDT could be used as a novel treatment method, replacing current, more invasive approaches and potentially shortening the antibiotic treatment in PJI. This would improve quality of life and reduce morbidity, mortality, and high health-care costs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New and Innovative Applications of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy, 2nd Edition)
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12 pages, 5190 KiB  
Article
Breaking the Rebellion: Photodynamic Inactivation against Erwinia amylovora Resistant to Streptomycin
by Annette Wimmer, Michael Glueck, Wenzi Ckurshumova, Jun Liu, Michael Fefer and Kristjan Plaetzer
Antibiotics 2022, 11(5), 544; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11050544 - 19 Apr 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1943
Abstract
Global crop production depends on strategies to counteract the ever-increasing spread of plant pathogens. Antibiotics are often used for large-scale treatments. As a result, Erwinia amylovora, causal agent of the contagious fire blight disease, has already evolved resistance to streptomycin (Sm). Photodynamic [...] Read more.
Global crop production depends on strategies to counteract the ever-increasing spread of plant pathogens. Antibiotics are often used for large-scale treatments. As a result, Erwinia amylovora, causal agent of the contagious fire blight disease, has already evolved resistance to streptomycin (Sm). Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) of microorganisms has been introduced as innovative method for plant protection. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that E. amylovora resistant to Sm (E. amylovoraSmR) can be killed by PDI. Two photosensitizers, the synthetic B17-0024, and the natural derived anionic sodium magnesium chlorophyllin (Chl) with cell-wall-permeabilizing agents are compared in terms of their photo-killing efficiency in liquid culture with or without 100 µg/mL Sm. In vitro experiments were performed at photosensitizer concentrations of 1, 10 or 100 µM and 5 or 30 min incubation in the dark, followed by illumination at 395 nm (radiant exposure 26.6 J/cm2). The highest inactivation of seven log steps was achieved at 100 µM B17-0024 after 30 min incubation. Shorter incubation (5 min), likely to represent field conditions, reduced the photo-killing to 5 log steps. Chlorophyllin at 100 µM in combination with 1.2% polyaspartic acid (PASA) reduced the number of bacteria by 6 log steps. While PASA itself caused some light independent toxicity, an antibacterial effect (3 log reduction) was achieved only in combination with Chl, even at concentrations as low as 10 µM. Addition of 100 µg/mL Sm to media did not significantly increase the efficacy of the photodynamic treatment. This study proves principle that PDI can be used to treat plant diseases even if causative bacteria are resistant to conventional treatment. Therefore, PDI based on natural photosensitizers might represent an eco-friendly treatment strategy especially in organic farming. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New and Innovative Applications of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy, 2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 3853 KiB  
Article
A Double Payload Complex between Hypericin and All-trans Retinoic Acid in the β-Lactoglobulin Protein
by Beatriz Rodríguez-Amigo, Cormac Hally, Núria Roig-Yanovsky, Pietro Delcanale, Stefania Abbruzzetti, Montserrat Agut, Cristiano Viappiani and Santi Nonell
Antibiotics 2022, 11(2), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020282 - 21 Feb 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1624
Abstract
Combined therapies are usually used to treat acne vulgaris since this approach can tackle various foci simultaneously. Using a combination of spectroscopic, computational, and microbiological techniques and methods, herein we report on the use of β-lactoglobulin as a double payload carrier of hypericin [...] Read more.
Combined therapies are usually used to treat acne vulgaris since this approach can tackle various foci simultaneously. Using a combination of spectroscopic, computational, and microbiological techniques and methods, herein we report on the use of β-lactoglobulin as a double payload carrier of hypericin (an antimicrobial photodynamic agent) and all-trans retinoic acid (an anti-inflammatory drug) for S. aureus in vitro photodynamic inactivation. The addition of all-trans retinoic acid to hypericin-β-lactoglobulin complex renders a photochemically safe vehicle due to the photophysical quenching of hypericin, which recovers its photodynamic activity when in contact with bacteria. The ability of hypericin to photoinactivate S. aureus was not affected by retinoic acid. β-Lactoglobulin is a novel biocompatible and photochemically safe nanovehicle with strong potential for the treatment of acne. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New and Innovative Applications of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy, 2nd Edition)
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