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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Antimicrobial Activity of Dental Biomaterials
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Antimicrobial Activity of Dental Biomaterials

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 January 2024) | Viewed by 11457

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marina Angélica Marciano

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Guest Editor
Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
Interests: dental materials; biomaterials; chemical properties of biomaterials
Prof. Dr. Débora C. Coraça-Huber

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Laboratory for Biofilms and Implant Associated Infections (BIOFILM LAB), Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Interests: biofilms; implant-infections; antimicrobials; local delivery systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Bruno Martini Guimarães

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil
Interests: dental materials; biomaterials; chemical properties of biomaterials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dentistry is a specialty directly connected to the biology and chemistry areas. Several biomaterials are developed associating biological characteristics of tissue tolerance, induction of repair and chemical exchanges in the interfaces with the release of ions. In this sense, dental biomaterials have become a promising field of research and are now being developed to interact with complex biological systems in a range of applications, including bone grafts, guided tissue regeneration, pulp capping, sealing of perforations, apexification and root canal filling. In most cases, the success is dependent on adequate infection control prior to the use of the biomaterials. Considering the clinical conditions which involve the direct contact between the biomaterials and the living tissues, reaching antimicrobial activity parallel to biocompatibility is a challenge. Different strategies to guarantee the antimicrobial property without losing the biological characteristics are tested. The addition of antimicrobial components that are slowly delivered, ion release that alters the environment pH and the use of probiotics are some examples of strategies to provide antimicrobial activity. This Special Issue welcomes review and research papers discussing the antimicrobial activity of dental materials, and the strategies to amplify the antimicrobial action considering a biological perspective.

Dr. Marina Angélica Marciano
Prof. Dr. Débora C. Coraça-Huber
Dr. Bruno Martini Guimarães
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dental materials
  • biomaterials
  • antimicrobial
  • infection control
  • biocompatibility

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 20455 KiB  
Article
Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effects and Cytotoxicity of a Novel Nanocomposite Based on Polyamide 6 and Trimetaphosphate Nanoparticles Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles
by Leonardo Antônio de Morais, Francisco Nunes de Souza Neto, Thayse Yumi Hosida, Danilo Martins dos Santos, Bianca Carvalho de Almeida, Elisabete Frollini, Sergio Paulo Campana Filho, Debora de Barros Barbosa, Emerson Rodrigues de Camargo and Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
Antibiotics 2024, 13(4), 340; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13040340 - 08 Apr 2024
Viewed by 496
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a polymeric matrix of polyamide-6 (P6) impregnated with trimetaphosphate (TMP) nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and to evaluate its antimicrobial activity, surface free energy, TMP and Ag+ release, and cytotoxicity for use as a support in dental [...] Read more.
This study aimed to develop a polymeric matrix of polyamide-6 (P6) impregnated with trimetaphosphate (TMP) nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and to evaluate its antimicrobial activity, surface free energy, TMP and Ag+ release, and cytotoxicity for use as a support in dental tissue. The data were subjected to statistical analysis (p < 0.05). P6 can be incorporated into TMP without altering its properties. In the first three hours, Ag+ was released for all groups decorated with AgNPs, and for TMP, the release only occurred for the P6-TMP-5% and P6-TMP-10% groups. In the inhibition zones, the AgNPs showed activity against both microorganisms. The P6-TMP-2.5%-Ag and P6-TMP-5%-Ag groups with AgNPs showed a greater reduction in CFU for S. mutans. For C. albicans, all groups showed a reduction in CFU. The P6-TMP groups showed higher cell viability, regardless of time (p < 0.05). The developed P6 polymeric matrix impregnated with TMP and AgNPs demonstrated promising antimicrobial properties against the tested microorganisms, making it a potential material for applications in scaffolds in dental tissues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Activity of Dental Biomaterials)
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14 pages, 5091 KiB  
Article
3Y-TZP/Ta Biocermet as a Dental Material: An Analysis of the In Vitro Adherence of Streptococcus Oralis Biofilm and an In Vivo Pilot Study in Dogs
by Anton Smirnov, Oleg Yanushevich, Natella Krikheli, Nestor Washington Solis Pinargote, Pavel Peretyagin, Sergey Grigoriev, Luis Alou, David Sevillano, Roberto López-Piriz, Francisco Guitian and José Florindo Bartolomé
Antibiotics 2024, 13(2), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13020175 - 09 Feb 2024
Viewed by 876
Abstract
The surface adhesion of bacterial cells and the in vivo biocompatibility of a new ceramic–metal composite made of zirconium dioxide and tantalum were evaluated. Within the framework of an in vitro study using the crystal violet staining and colony counting methods, a relatively [...] Read more.
The surface adhesion of bacterial cells and the in vivo biocompatibility of a new ceramic–metal composite made of zirconium dioxide and tantalum were evaluated. Within the framework of an in vitro study using the crystal violet staining and colony counting methods, a relatively similar adhesion of Streptococcus oralis to the 3Y-TZP/Ta biocermet (roughness Ra = 0.12 ± 0.04 µm) and Ti-Al6-V4 titanium alloy (Ra = 0.04 ± 0.01 µm) was found. In addition, in an in vivo preliminary study focused on the histological analysis of a series of rods implanted in the jaws of beagle dogs for a six-month period, the absence of any fibrous tissue or inflammatory reaction at the interface between the implanted 3Y-TZP/Ta biocermets and the new bone was found. Thus, it can be concluded that the developed ceramic–metal biocomposite may be a promising new material for use in dentistry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Activity of Dental Biomaterials)
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18 pages, 1794 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of Chlorhexidine after Oral Surgery Procedures on Wound Healing: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by María de Nuria Romero-Olid, Elena Bucataru, Pablo Ramos-García and Miguel Ángel González-Moles
Antibiotics 2023, 12(10), 1552; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12101552 - 20 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1471
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, available evidence on the efficacy of chlorhexidine (CHX) when applied after oral surgery on wound healing and related clinical parameters. MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus were [...] Read more.
Our objective was to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, available evidence on the efficacy of chlorhexidine (CHX) when applied after oral surgery on wound healing and related clinical parameters. MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for studies published before January 2023. The quality of the methodology used in primary-level studies was assessed using the RoB2 tool; meta-analyses were performed jointly with heterogeneity and small-study effect analyses. Thirty-three studies and 4766 cases were included. The results point out that the application of CHX was significantly more effective, compared to controls where CHX was not employed, providing better wound healing after oral surgery (RR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.55–0.80, p < 0.001). Stratified meta-analyses confirmed the higher efficacy of 0.20% CHX gel vs. other vehicles and concentrations (p < 0.001, respectively). Likewise, the addition of chitosan to CHX significantly increased the efficacy of surgical wound healing (p < 0.001). The use of CHX has also been significantly beneficial in the prevention of alveolar osteitis after any type of dental extraction (RR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.39–0.53, p < 0.001) and has also been effective when applied as a gel for a reduction in pain after the surgical extraction of third molars (MD = −0.97, 95% CI = −1.26 to −0.68, p < 0.001). In conclusion, this systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate on the basis of evidence that the application of CHX exerts a beneficial effect on wound healing after oral surgical procedures, significantly decreasing the patient’s risk of developing surgical complications and/or poor wound healing. This benefit was greater when CHX was used at 0.20% in gel form with the addition of chitosan. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Activity of Dental Biomaterials)
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17 pages, 3377 KiB  
Article
Development of Novel Tetracycline and Ciprofloxacin Loaded Silver Doped Hydroxyapatite Suspensions for Biomedical Applications
by Daniela Predoi, Simona-Liliana Iconaru, Mihai-Valentin Predoi and Nicolas Buton
Antibiotics 2023, 12(1), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010074 - 31 Dec 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1738
Abstract
The objective of this study consisted of the development of new materials with antimicrobial properties at the nanometric scale that could lead to an increase in therapeutic efficacy and reduction of toxic side effects. This work focuses on obtaining and characterizing stable suspensions [...] Read more.
The objective of this study consisted of the development of new materials with antimicrobial properties at the nanometric scale that could lead to an increase in therapeutic efficacy and reduction of toxic side effects. This work focuses on obtaining and characterizing stable suspensions with narrow size distribution with antimicrobial properties. The stability of the suspensions obtained by an adapted co-precipitation method was evaluated by ultrasonic measurements. The size and size distribution of the particle populations were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Both methods of analysis showed a narrow distribution of particles. DLS gave a monomodal distribution with hydrodynamic diameters around 38 nm for ciprofloxacin embedded in silver doped hydroxyapatite (AgHA-C) and 45.7 nm for tetracycline embedded in silver doped hydroxyapatite (AgHA-T). The average diameters calculated from SEM were 17 nm for AgHA-C and 19 nm for AgHA-T. Both Ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline influenced the hydroxyapatite structure, which led to the appearance of new vibrational bands characteristic of the specific chemical composition in the FTIR spectrum. The antimicrobial properties of the AgHA-C and AgHA-T suspensions were assessed using the most common reference microbial strains Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The results of the in vitro antimicrobial assays determined that the AgHA-C and AgHA-T suspensions exhibited exceptional antimicrobial activity. Moreover, the data revealed that the antimicrobial activity increased with the increase of the incubation time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Activity of Dental Biomaterials)
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13 pages, 2495 KiB  
Article
Biodentine Inhibits the Initial Microbial Adhesion of Oral Microbiota In Vivo
by Ali Al-Ahmad, Michael Haendel, Markus Joerg Altenburger, Lamprini Karygianni, Elmar Hellwig, Karl Thomas Wrbas, Kirstin Vach and Christian Tennert
Antibiotics 2023, 12(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010004 - 20 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1450
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo initial microbial adhesion of oral microorganisms on the biomaterial Biodentine compared to MTA and AH Plus. Cylindrical samples of the materials were prepared, and dentin slabs served as a control. An individual intraoral lower jaw [...] Read more.
This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo initial microbial adhesion of oral microorganisms on the biomaterial Biodentine compared to MTA and AH Plus. Cylindrical samples of the materials were prepared, and dentin slabs served as a control. An individual intraoral lower jaw splint served as a carrier for the samples and was worn by six volunteers. The specimens were worn for 120 min. Adherent bacteria were quantified by determining the colony-forming units (CFUs), while the visualization and quantification of total adherent microorganisms were facilitated by using DAPI and live/dead staining combined with fluorescence microscopy. Bovine dentin had a significantly higher number of aerobic CFUs compared to Biodentine (p = 0.017) and MTA (p = 0.013). The lowest amounts of DAPI-stained adherent microorganisms were quantified for Biodentine (15% ± 9%) and the control (18% ± 9%), while MTA showed the highest counts of initially adherent microorganisms (38% ± 10%). Significant differences were found for MTA and Biodentine (p = 0.004) as well as for MTA and the control (p = 0.021) and for AH Plus and the control (p = 0.025). Biodentine inhibited microbial adherence, thereby yielding an antimicrobial effectivity similar to that of MTA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Activity of Dental Biomaterials)
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9 pages, 5688 KiB  
Article
Sterilization Procedures for Titanium Alloy Surfaces Leads to Higher Expression of Biofilm-Related Staphylococcus aureus Genes
by Christopher Spiegel, Michael Nogler and Débora C. Coraça-Huber
Antibiotics 2022, 11(11), 1647; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111647 - 17 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1501
Abstract
Background: Around 1–2% of all implantation surgeries lead to implant-related infections, incurring costs of $40,000–$160,000 per total hip PJI. The 5-year mortality rate of prosthetic joint infections is up to 21%. To prevent infections during surgery, sterile surgery rooms and procedures have [...] Read more.
Background: Around 1–2% of all implantation surgeries lead to implant-related infections, incurring costs of $40,000–$160,000 per total hip PJI. The 5-year mortality rate of prosthetic joint infections is up to 21%. To prevent infections during surgery, sterile surgery rooms and procedures have been developed and certified standards have been established. To guarantee the sterility, implants can be acquired already sterile from manufacturers. Some titanium implants can be delivered unsterilized with a manual for sterilization procedure in compliance with ISO 17664. The aim of this study is to evaluate if the most used sterilization methods (steam sterilization in an autoclave and UV light sterilization) of titanium alloys, can influence the biofilm forming capacity of Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, we examined the influence of sterilization methods on the gene expression of biofilm-associated genes and regulators. Methods: We compared gene expression of icaADBC, SarA, SigB, and SodA on titanium CP4 and Ti6Al4V alloys sterilized by UV-light and pressurized saturated steam sterilization. We performed RT-qPCR after RNA extraction of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. In addition, bacterial cell growth on the sterilized titanium surfaces was examined by colony forming unit counting on agar plates after 24 h of incubation. Results: Colony forming units of S. aureus on titanium CP4 samples showed a higher tendency in colony counts when sterilized with UV light than with pressurized saturated steam (autoclaved). Similarly, colony forming unit counts on Ti6Al4V samples showed tendencies of higher numbers on UV light sterilized samples than on autoclaved samples. Gene expression of icaADBC, SarA and SodA between steamed samples and UV light sterilized samples showed no difference on titanium CP4 samples, whereas SigB showed higher gene expression on titanium CP4 samples when sterilized with UV light than in an autoclave. On autoclaved Ti6Al4V samples, all examined genes showed 4 to 9 times higher fold changes in gene expression than on UV light sterilized samples. Conclusions: This study indicates that steam sterilization of Ti6Al4V can increase biofilm formation of S. aureus on its surface. The significantly increased gene expression of biofilm responsible genes may indicate a modification of titanium surfaces on alloy components. This may promote biofilm formation that can lead to implant-infections in vivo. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Activity of Dental Biomaterials)
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Review

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15 pages, 782 KiB  
Review
Metabolic Conditions and Peri-Implantitis
by Asma Gasmi Benahmed, Amin Gasmi, Torsak Tippairote, Pavan Kumar Mujawdiya, Oleksandr Avdeev, Yurii Shanaida and Geir Bjørklund
Antibiotics 2023, 12(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010065 - 29 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3073
Abstract
Dental implants to replace lost teeth are a common dentistry practice nowadays. Titanium dental implants display a high success rate and improved safety profile. Nevertheless, there is an increasing peri-implantitis (PI), an inflammatory disease associated with polymicrobial infection that adversely affects the hard [...] Read more.
Dental implants to replace lost teeth are a common dentistry practice nowadays. Titanium dental implants display a high success rate and improved safety profile. Nevertheless, there is an increasing peri-implantitis (PI), an inflammatory disease associated with polymicrobial infection that adversely affects the hard and soft tissues around the implant. The present review highlights the contribution of different metabolic conditions to PI. The considerations of both local and systemic metabolic conditions are crucial for planning successful dental implant procedures and during the treatment course of PI. Un- or undertreated PI can lead to permanent jaw bone suffering and dental implant losses. The common mediators of PI are inflammation and oxidative stress, which are also the key mediators of most systemic metabolic disorders. Chronic periodontitis, low-grade tissue inflammation, and increased oxidative stress raise the incidence of PI and the underlying systemic metabolic conditions, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, or harmful lifestyle factors (cigarette smoking, etc.). Using dental biomaterials with antimicrobial effects could partly solve the problem of pathogenic microbial contamination and local inflammation. With local dentistry considering factors, including oral microbiota and implant quality control, the inclusion of the underlying systemic metabolic conditions into the pre-procedure planning and during the treatment course should improve the chances of successful outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Activity of Dental Biomaterials)
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