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Antibiotics
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Antimicrobial Chemotherapy: New Therapeutic Approaches against the Drug-Resistant and Difficult...
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Antimicrobial Chemotherapy: New Therapeutic Approaches against the Drug-Resistant and Difficult to Treat Bacterial Infections

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 11213

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ashok Aspatwar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
Interests: pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB); develop novel anti-TB drugs targeting alternate pathways of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Seppo Parkkila

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
Interests: physiological role of carbonic anhydrases and pH regulation in different organisms

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Infections caused by pathogenic bacteria can be treated successfully with the existing antibacterial compounds. Despite the huge success of antibiotics in antimicrobial therapy, some bacteria that are susceptible to antibiotics survive either due to inappropriate use of antibiotics or the presence of biofilms that increases their survival in the presence of antibiotics. In addition, there is a subpopulation of slow-growing bacterial cells that are transiently tolerant to antibiotics and which resume growth after a lethal dose of antibiotics and cause infection. Further, the emergence of bacterial strains that are resistant to the available antibiotics has aggravated the problem, causing a major health crisis all over the world. To treat the infections caused by persistent and drug-resistant bacteria, we urgently need to develop novel antibiotics targeting alternate pathways of pathogenic bacteria. In addition, we may need to use all the available options to achieve success in overcoming the bacterial infections and preventing further crises.

The current Special Issue will focus on the following topics: 1) novel antibacterial compounds that target alternate pathways of the pathogenic bacteria; combinatorial treatment using novel antibiotics with first-line antibiotics; treatment using phage therapy, nanoparticles, adjuvants, targeting quorum-sensing, and modulation of host immune response; and 2) basic and clinical concepts for the treatment of infections.

Dr. Ashok Aspatwar
Prof. Dr. Seppo Parkkita
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antimicrobial chemotherapy
  • resistance mechanism
  • bacterial persistence
  • alternate targets
  • biofilms
  • novel antibiotics
  • multidrug resistance
  • clinical concepts

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 9940 KiB  
Article
Exploring Antibiotic-Potentiating Effects of Tobramycin–Deferiprone Conjugates in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
by Karan Gandhi, Shiv Dhiman, Rajat Arora, Danzel Marie Ramirez, Danyel Ramirez, Gilbert Arthur and Frank Schweizer
Antibiotics 2023, 12(8), 1261; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12081261 - 31 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1317
Abstract
Metal ions, including Fe3+, affect the target site binding of some antibiotics and control the porin- and siderophore-mediated uptake of antibiotics. Amphiphilic tobramycins are an emerging class of antibiotic potentiators capable of synergizing with multiple classes of antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria, [...] Read more.
Metal ions, including Fe3+, affect the target site binding of some antibiotics and control the porin- and siderophore-mediated uptake of antibiotics. Amphiphilic tobramycins are an emerging class of antibiotic potentiators capable of synergizing with multiple classes of antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To study how the antibiotic-potentiating effect of amphiphilic tobramycins is affected by the presence of intermolecular iron chelators, we conjugated the FDA-approved iron chelator deferiprone (DEF) to tobramycin (TOB). Three TOB-DEF conjugates differing in the length of the carbon tether were prepared and tested for antibacterial activity and synergistic relationships with a panel of antibiotics against clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. While all TOB-DEF conjugates were inactive against P. aeruginosa, the TOB-DEF conjugates strongly synergized with outer-membrane-impermeable antibiotics, such as novobiocin and rifampicin. Among the three TOB-DEF conjugates, 1c containing a C12 tether showed a remarkable and selective potentiating effect to improve the susceptibility of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates to tetracyclines when compared with other antibiotics. However, the antibacterial activity and antibiotic-potentiating effect of the optimized conjugate was not enhanced under iron-depleted conditions, indicating that the function of the antibiotic potentiator is not affected by the Fe3+ concentration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Chemotherapy: New Therapeutic Approaches against the Drug-Resistant and Difficult to Treat Bacterial Infections)
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16 pages, 3868 KiB  
Article
Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Antioxidant Potentials of Four Halophytic Plants, Euphorbia chamaesyce, Bassia arabica, Fagonia mollis, and Haloxylon salicornicum, Growing in Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia: Phytochemical Profile and In Vitro and In Silico Bioactivity Investigations
by Osamah Al Rugaie, Hamdoon A. Mohammed, Salman Alsamani, Sabri Messaoudi, Lotfi M. Aroua, Riaz A. Khan, Suliman A. Almahmoud, Abdulrahman D. Altaleb, Mansour Alsharidah, Musaad Aldubaib, Khalid A. Al-Regaiey and Kamal A. Qureshi
Antibiotics 2023, 12(3), 501; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030501 - 02 Mar 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2168
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the phytochemical contents and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm activities of four halophytic plants, namely, Euphorbia chamaesyce, Bassia arabica, Fagonia mollis, and Haloxylon salicornicum, native to central Saudi Arabia. The alcoholic extract of E. [...] Read more.
The current study aimed to investigate the phytochemical contents and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm activities of four halophytic plants, namely, Euphorbia chamaesyce, Bassia arabica, Fagonia mollis, and Haloxylon salicornicum, native to central Saudi Arabia. The alcoholic extract of E. chamaesyce was found to be the most potent in various bioactivities-based evaluations and rich in polyphenols and flavonoid secondary metabolites, with 68.0 mg/g and 39.23 mg/g gallic acid and quercetin equivalents, respectively. Among all plants’ extracts, the alcoholic extract of E. chamaesyce had the highest DPPH scavenging and metal chelating antioxidant activities at 74.15 Trolox equivalents and 16.28 EDTA equivalents, respectively. The highest antimicrobial activity of E. chamaesyce extract was found to be against Shigella flexneri, with a mean zone of inhibition diameter of 18.1 ± 0.2 mm, whereas the minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum biocidal concentration, minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration, and minimum biofilm eradication concentration values were 12.5, 25, 25, and 50 mg/mL, respectively. The LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of the E. chamaesyce extract showed the presence of six flavonoids and ten phenolic constituents. The in silico binding of the E. chamaesyce extract’s constituents to Staphylococcus aureus tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme displayed −6.2 to −10.1 kcal/mol binding energy values, suggesting that these constituents can contribute to the antimicrobial properties of the plant extract, making it an essential medicinal ingredient. In conclusion, these results warrant further investigation to standardize the antimicrobial profiles of these plant extracts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Chemotherapy: New Therapeutic Approaches against the Drug-Resistant and Difficult to Treat Bacterial Infections)
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Review

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18 pages, 2043 KiB  
Review
Medicinal Plants as Therapeutic Alternatives to Combat Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Review
by Silvi Gautam, Kamal A. Qureshi, Shabaaz Begum Jameel Pasha, Sugapriya Dhanasekaran, Ashok Aspatwar, Seppo Parkkila, Samyah Alanazi, Akhtar Atiya, Mohd Masih Uzzaman Khan and Divya Venugopal
Antibiotics 2023, 12(3), 541; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030541 - 08 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5573
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and a significant health concern worldwide. The main threat to the elimination of TB is the development of resistance by MTB to the currently used antibiotics and more extended treatment methods, [...] Read more.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and a significant health concern worldwide. The main threat to the elimination of TB is the development of resistance by MTB to the currently used antibiotics and more extended treatment methods, which is a massive burden on the health care system. As a result, there is an urgent need to identify new, effective therapeutic strategies with fewer adverse effects. The traditional medicines found in South Asia and Africa have a reservoir of medicinal plants and plant-based compounds that are considered another reliable option for human beings to treat various diseases. Abundant research is available for the biotherapeutic potential of naturally occurring compounds in various diseases but has been lagging in the area of TB. Plant-based compounds, or phytoproducts, are being investigated as potential anti-mycobacterial agents by reducing bacterial burden or modulating the immune system, thereby minimizing adverse effects. The efficacy of these phytochemicals has been evaluated through drug delivery using nanoformulations. This review aims to emphasize the value of anti-TB compounds derived from plants and provide a summary of current research on phytochemicals with potential anti-mycobacterial activity against MTB. This article aims to inform readers about the numerous potential herbal treatment options available for combatting TB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Chemotherapy: New Therapeutic Approaches against the Drug-Resistant and Difficult to Treat Bacterial Infections)
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Other

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7 pages, 516 KiB  
Case Report
Mucormycosis in a Severe Trauma Patient Treated with a Combination of Systemic Posaconazole and Topical Amphotericin B—Case Report
by Filip Keller, Helena Antoni, Petra Minarcikova, Ondrej Hrdy and Roman Gal
Antibiotics 2023, 12(10), 1489; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12101489 - 27 Sep 2023
Viewed by 895
Abstract
Mucormycosis is an opportunistic infection affecting mainly immunocompromised hosts. Infection in immunocompetent patients is rare, but may occur typically in trauma or burn victims. We report on a previously healthy young man suffering devastating trauma from an agricultural accident with the subsequent development [...] Read more.
Mucormycosis is an opportunistic infection affecting mainly immunocompromised hosts. Infection in immunocompetent patients is rare, but may occur typically in trauma or burn victims. We report on a previously healthy young man suffering devastating trauma from an agricultural accident with the subsequent development of a multifocal mucormycosis. Diagnosis was achieved by cultures obtained from non-healing wounds, some of them even covered by a macroscopic mold formation. Specific treatment was initiated soon after the preliminary results indicated mucormycosis. Aggressive surgical therapy, with concomitant use of systemic posaconazole and topical amphotericin B in a combination treatment, led to the elimination of the fungal infection. The remaining deep tissue defects were consequently reconstructed by a muscle flap and skin graft autotransplantation with a good overall outcome, which would not have been possible without the complete remission of mucormycosis. This case study presents the successful use of a combination treatment with systemic posaconazole and topical amphotericin B and underlines the importance of timely and aggressive surgical therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Chemotherapy: New Therapeutic Approaches against the Drug-Resistant and Difficult to Treat Bacterial Infections)
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