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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Hospital Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance
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Hospital Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotic Therapy in Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 5667

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Florin George Horhat

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
Interests: antimicrobials; antibiotic resistance; microbiology; healthcare associated infections; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an ever-present issue in modern medicine. This accounts for more than 700,000 deaths worldwide each year and, as such, needs to be considered a priority in healthcare. In addition, AMR affects the financial and logistic aspects of healthcare services, raising costs, the length of hospitalisation, illness duration, and disability.

Currently, the medical world is trying to develop new antibiotics, explore alternative applications of existing antibiotics. or facilitate the use of plant-derived compounds with antimicrobial properties. However, the development and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the healthcare environment and the community are accelerated by the irrational use of such agents, resulting in a necessity for more effective antimicrobial stewardship. Without effective antimicrobial drugs and resistance control, the success of modern medicine in the treatment of other diseases, such as surgical procedures, cancer, and immunological disorders, would be at increased risk.

The CDC says that 1 in 3 antibiotic prescriptions written in doctors’ offices, emergency rooms, and hospital-based clinics is completely unnecessary. As such, effective antibiotic stewardship can reduce this type of use and help slow the rate of AMR. Clinicians are advised to focus on reducing antibiotic duration, optimizing prescriptions, promoting multidisciplinary and interdepartmental cooperation, timely detection, reporting and improving the overall surveillance, and control of AMR strains.

The aim of this Special Issue is to gather new information on the spread of AMR in hospital settings and to collect specific clinical experiences with new antibiotics and antifungals against multi-drug-resistant microorganisms.

Dr. Florin George Horhat
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antimicrobials
  • antibiotic resistance
  • drug resistant bacteria
  • healthcare associated infections
  • hospital infections
  • nosocomial infections
  • device associated infections

Published Papers (3 papers)

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17 pages, 3638 KiB  
Article
Adverse Drug Reactions Relevant to Drug Resistance and Ineffectiveness Associated with Meropenem, Linezolid, and Colistin: An Analysis Based on Spontaneous Reports from the European Pharmacovigilance Database
by Bogdan Ioan Vintila, Anca Maria Arseniu, Anca Butuca, Mihai Sava, Victoria Bîrluțiu, Luca Liviu Rus, Dan Damian Axente, Claudiu Morgovan and Felicia Gabriela Gligor
Antibiotics 2023, 12(5), 918; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12050918 - 16 May 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1909
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is considered one of the major threats to public health and is an important factor that influences the patient’s outcome in the intensive care unit. Pharmacovigilance can help raise awareness of potential drug resistance (DR) or ineffectiveness (DI) through adverse drug [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial resistance is considered one of the major threats to public health and is an important factor that influences the patient’s outcome in the intensive care unit. Pharmacovigilance can help raise awareness of potential drug resistance (DR) or ineffectiveness (DI) through adverse drug reaction reports that are submitted to different spontaneous reporting systems. Based on spontaneous Individual Case Safety Reports from EudraVigilance, we conducted a descriptive analysis of adverse drug reactions associated with meropenem, colistin, and linezolid, with a focus on DR and DI. Of the total adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported for each analyzed antibiotic by 31 December 2022, between 2.38–8.42% and 4.15–10.14% of the reports were related to DR and DI, respectively. A disproportionality analysis was conducted to evaluate the frequency of reporting adverse drug reactions relevant to the DR and DI of the analyzed antibiotics compared to other antimicrobials. Based on the analysis of the collected data, this study underlines the importance of post-marketing drug safety monitoring in raising a warning signal regarding antimicrobial resistance, thereby potentially contributing to the reduction in antibiotic treatment failure in an intensive care setting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hospital Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance)
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16 pages, 1951 KiB  
Article
Socioeconomic and Governance Factors Disentangle the Relationship between Temperature and Antimicrobial Resistance: A 10-Year Ecological Analysis of European Countries
by Andrea Maugeri, Martina Barchitta, Roberta Magnano San Lio and Antonella Agodi
Antibiotics 2023, 12(4), 777; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12040777 - 19 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1234
Abstract
Although previous studies showed that warmer temperatures may be associated with increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates, unmeasured factors may explain the observed relationship. We conducted a ten-year ecological analysis to evaluate whether temperature change was associated with AMR across 30 European countries, considering [...] Read more.
Although previous studies showed that warmer temperatures may be associated with increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates, unmeasured factors may explain the observed relationship. We conducted a ten-year ecological analysis to evaluate whether temperature change was associated with AMR across 30 European countries, considering predictors that can determine a geographical gradient. Using four data sources, we created a dataset of: annual temperature change (FAOSTAT database); AMR proportions for ten pathogen–antibiotic combinations (ECDC atlas); consumption of antibiotics for systemic use in the community (ESAC-Net database); population density, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and governance indicators (World Bank DataBank). Data were obtained for each country and year (2010–2019) and analyzed through multivariable models. We found evidence of a positive linear association between temperature change and AMR proportion across all countries, years, pathogens, and antibiotics (β = 0.140; 95%CI = 0.039; 0.241; p = 0.007), adjusting for the effect of covariates. However, when GDP per capita and the governance index were included in the multivariable model, temperature change was no longer associated with AMR. Instead, the main predictors were antibiotic consumption (β = 0.506; 95%CI = 0.366; 0.646; p < 0.001), population density (β = 0.143; 95%CI = 0.116; 0.170; p < 0.001), and the governance index (β = −1.043; 95%CI = −1.207; −0.879; p < 0.001). Ensuring the appropriate use of antibiotics and improving governance efficiency are the most effective ways of counteracting AMR. It is necessary to conduct further experimental studies and obtain more detailed data to investigate whether climate change affects AMR. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hospital Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance)
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12 pages, 666 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Assessment of Multiplex PCR in Identifying Bacterial Infections in Patients Hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review
by Iulia Bogdan, Tejaswi Gadela, Felix Bratosin, Catalin Dumitru, Alin Popescu, Florin George Horhat, Rodica Anamaria Negrean, Razvan Mihai Horhat, Ion Cristian Mot, Adrian Vasile Bota, Carmen Nicoleta Stoica, Bogdan Feciche, Andrei Nicolae Csep, Roxana Manuela Fericean, Gratiana Nicoleta Chicin and Iosif Marincu
Antibiotics 2023, 12(3), 465; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030465 - 24 Feb 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1782
Abstract
Bacterial infection can occur in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 in various conditions, resulting in poorer outcomes, such as a higher death rate. This current systematic review was conducted in order to assess the efficiency of multiplex PCR in detecting bacterial infections in hospitalized [...] Read more.
Bacterial infection can occur in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 in various conditions, resulting in poorer outcomes, such as a higher death rate. This current systematic review was conducted in order to assess the efficiency of multiplex PCR in detecting bacterial infections in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, as well as to analyze the most common bacterial pathogens and other factors that interfere with this diagnosis. The research was conducted using four electronic databases (PubMed, Taylor&Francis, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library). Out of 290 studies, nine were included in the systematic review. The results supported the use of multiplex PCR in detecting bacteria, considering its high sensitivity and specificity rates. The most common bacterial pathogens found were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. The median age at admission was 61.5 years, and the majority of patients were men (70.3%), out of a total of 1553 patients. The proportion of ICU admission was very high, with a pooled proportion of 52.6% over the analyzed studies, and an average duration of hospitalization of 13 days. The mortality rate was proportionally high, as was the rate of ICU admission, with a pooled mortality of 24.9%. It was discovered that 65.2% of all patients used antibiotics before admission, with or without medical prescription. Antibiotic treatment should be considered consciously, considering the high risks of developing antibiotic resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hospital Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance)
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