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Antibiotics
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The Emergence of Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection and Recent Advances...
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The Emergence of Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection and Recent Advances in Treatment Options

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotic Therapy in Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 June 2024 | Viewed by 4342

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Rajan P. Adhikari

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Integrated Biotherapeutics, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
Interests: bacterial toxins; host-pathogen interactions; bacterial pathogens; Staphylococcus aureus
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative pathogen that can cause a wide range of diseases, from mild infections of the skin and soft tissues to life-threatening conditions such as pneumonia, septicemia, and endocarditis. In addition, it is highly successful in acquiring drug resistance. Penicillin was the first antibiotic discovered and was widely used until 80% of S. aureus acquired penicillin resistance. The first semisynthetic penicillinase-resistant penicillin, called 'methicillin', was introduced in 1959 to address this problem. However, within two years, in 1961, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was reported. Soon, Penicillin-resistant S. aureus was replaced by hospital-acquired MRSA strains. Some clones of MRSA led to an MRSA epidemic that rapidly spread throughout Europe. Along with the introduction of new antibiotics, new waves of MRSA strains appeared. In early 2000, a new version of the MRSA strain, known as community MRSA (CMRSA), emerged.  Vancomycin was introduced as a last-resort drug to cope with these new MRSA waves. However, vancomycin-intermediate-resistant (VISA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) emerged soon. This bug has successfully overcome every new antibiotic introduced so far. Moreover, all vaccines and therapeutic efforts against this bug have failed clinical trials. Hopefully, the continuous efforts using novel approaches will result in more effective classes of anti-MRSA drugs. This Special issue aims to track the emergence and mechanism of new antibiotic resistance in S. aureus along with the recent advancements and progress in drug development.

Dr. Rajan P. Adhikari
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • S. aureus
  • Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA)
  • Vancomycin Resistant S. aureus (VRSA)
  • antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
  • multiple drug resistance (MDR)
  • skin and soft tissue infection
  • antibiotics
  • anti-Staphylococcal vaccine, and therapy

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 6090 KiB  
Article
Using Targeted Nano-Antibiotics to Improve Antibiotic Efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus Infections
by Hung Le, Emmanuelle Dé, Didier Le Cerf and Carole Karakasyan
Antibiotics 2023, 12(6), 1066; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12061066 - 16 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1873
Abstract
The poor bioavailability of antibiotics at infection sites is one of the leading causes of treatment failure and increased bacterial resistance. Therefore, developing novel, non-conventional antibiotic delivery strategies to deal with bacterial pathogens is essential. Here, we investigated the encapsulation of two fluoroquinolones, [...] Read more.
The poor bioavailability of antibiotics at infection sites is one of the leading causes of treatment failure and increased bacterial resistance. Therefore, developing novel, non-conventional antibiotic delivery strategies to deal with bacterial pathogens is essential. Here, we investigated the encapsulation of two fluoroquinolones, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, into polymer-based nano-carriers (nano-antibiotics), with the goal of increasing their local bioavailability at bacterial infection sites. The formulations were optimized to achieve maximal drug loading. The surfaces of nano-antibiotics were modified with anti-staphylococcal antibodies as ligand molecules to target S. aureus pathogens. The interaction of nano-antibiotics with the bacterial cells was investigated via fluorescent confocal microscopy. Conventional tests (MIC and MBC) were used to examine the antibacterial properties of nano-antibiotic formulations. Simultaneously, a bioluminescence assay model was employed, revealing the rapid and efficient assessment of the antibacterial potency of colloidal systems. In comparison to the free-form antibiotic, the targeted nano-antibiotic exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity against both the planktonic and biofilm forms of S. aureus. Furthermore, our data suggested that the efficacy of a targeted nano-antibiotic treatment can be influenced by its antibiotic release profile. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Emergence of Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection and Recent Advances in Treatment Options)
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Review

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17 pages, 703 KiB  
Review
The Epidemiology of Animal-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
by Martyna Kasela, Mateusz Ossowski, Ewelina Dzikoń, Katarzyna Ignatiuk, Łukasz Wlazło and Anna Malm
Antibiotics 2023, 12(6), 1079; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12061079 - 20 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1845
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains an important etiological factor of human and animal infectious diseases, causing significant economic losses not only in human healthcare but also in the large-scale farming sector. The constantly changing epidemiology of MRSA observed globally affects animal welfare and [...] Read more.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains an important etiological factor of human and animal infectious diseases, causing significant economic losses not only in human healthcare but also in the large-scale farming sector. The constantly changing epidemiology of MRSA observed globally affects animal welfare and raises concerns for public health. High MRSA colonization rates in livestock raise questions about the meaning of reservoirs and possible transmission pathways, while the prevalence of MRSA colonization and infection rates among companion animals vary and might affect human health in multiple ways. We present the main findings concerning the circulation of animal-associated MRSA (AA-MRSA) in the environment and factors influencing the direction, mechanisms, and routes of its transmission. Studies have shown it that S. aureus is a multi-host bacterial pathogen; however, its adaptation mechanisms enabling it to colonize and infect both animal and human hosts are still rarely discussed. Finally, we elaborate on the most successful strategies and programs applied limiting the circulation of AA-MRSA among animals and humans. Although MRSA strains colonizing animals rarely infect humans, they undergo host-adaptive evolution enabling them to spread and persist in human populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Emergence of Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection and Recent Advances in Treatment Options)
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