Colonization and Infection of Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 1187

Special Issue Editors

1. Infection Control Department, Instituto Central, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 2. Infection Control Department, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-000, Brazil
Interests: Infection control, antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial stewardship, microbiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
1. Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
2. Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazi
Interests: infection control; antimicrobial resistance; antimicrobial stewardship; microbiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The intestine harbors an ecosystem composed of the intestinal mucosa and the commensal microbiota. The microbiota fosters development, aids digestion and protects host cells from pathogens.

On the other hand, bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR)—which occurs when changes in bacteria cause the drugs used to treat infections to become less effective—has emerged as one of the leading public health threats of the 21st century.

Hospitalized patients may be exposed to multi-drug-resistant bacteria when hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers is not adequate. An additional layer of defence is provided by the healthy gut microbiota, which helps clear the exogenous bacteria and acts as a safety net when hand hygiene procedures are not followed. The role of the gut microbiota in colonization resistance against multi-drug-resistant bacteria, and its implications for infection control, still needs discussion. The underlying mechanisms of colonization resistance (direct or indirect), the concept of resilience of the gut microbiota, the link between the antimicrobial spectrum and gut dysbiosis, and possible therapeutic strategies are some points that deserve attention. Antimicrobial stewardship is crucial to maximize the effects of colonization resistance. Avoiding unnecessary antimicrobial therapy, shortening the antimicrobial duration as much as possible, and favouring antibiotics with low anti-anaerobe activity may decrease the acquisition and expansion of multi-drug-resistant bacteria. 

It is accepted that colonization often precedes infection. Predictive models that combine the risk of infection in colonized patients and the risk of mortality in infected patients have been developed to determine the best clinical management. Therefore, colonization, infection and mortality are related variables that we intend to discuss in this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Thais Guimarães
Prof. Dr. Silvia Figueiredo Costa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • antimicrobial resistance
  • colonization
  • infection
  • microbiology

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 2744 KiB  
Article
Brazilian Clinical Strains of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida: Capsular Diversity, Antimicrobial Susceptibility (In Vitro) and Proof of Concept for Prevention of Natural Colonization by Multi-Doses Protocol of Tildipirosin
by Suzana Satomi Kuchiishi, Simone Ramos Prigol, Eduarda Bresolin, Bianca Fernandes Lenhard, Caroline Pissetti, María-José García-Iglesias, César-Bernardo Gutiérrez-Martín, Sonia Martínez-Martínez, Luiz Carlos Kreutz and Rafael Frandoloso
Antibiotics 2023, 12(12), 1658; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12121658 - 25 Nov 2023
Viewed by 977
Abstract
One hundred Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) and sixty Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida serogroup A (PmA) isolates were recovered from porcine pneumonic lungs collected from eight central or southern states of Brazil between 2014 and 2018 (App) or between 2017 and 2021 (PmA). A. pleuropneumoniae [...] Read more.
One hundred Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) and sixty Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida serogroup A (PmA) isolates were recovered from porcine pneumonic lungs collected from eight central or southern states of Brazil between 2014 and 2018 (App) or between 2017 and 2021 (PmA). A. pleuropneumoniae clinical isolates were typed by multiplex PCR and the most prevalent serovars were 8, 7 and 5 (43, 25% and 18%, respectively). In addition, three virulence genes were assessed in P. multocida isolates, all being positive to capA (PmA) and kmt1 genes, all negative to capD and toxA, and most of them (85%) negative to pfhA gene. The susceptibility of both pathogens to tildipirosin was investigated using a broth microdilution assay. The percentage of isolates susceptible to tildipirosin was 95% for App and 73.3% for PmA. The MIC50 values were 0.25 and 1 μg/mL and the MIC90 values were 4 and >64 μg/mL for App and PmA, respectively. Finally, a multiple-dose protocol of tildipirosin was tested in suckling piglets on a farm endemic for both pathogens. Tildipirosin was able to prevent the natural colonization of the tonsils by App and PmA and significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced the burden of Glaesserella parasuis in this tissue. In summary, our results demonstrate that: (i) tildipirosin can be included in the list of antibiotics to control outbreaks of lung disease caused by App regardless of the capsular type, and (ii) in the case of clinical strains of App and PmA that are sensitive to tildipirosin based on susceptibility testing, the use of this antibiotic in eradication programs for A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida can be strongly recommended. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colonization and Infection of Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms)
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