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Animals
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Livestock Biosecurity in a One Health Perspective
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Livestock Biosecurity in a One Health Perspective

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal System and Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 16047

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Véronique Renault

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk analysis applied to Veterinary sciences (UREAR-ULiège), Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
2. Vétérinaires et Agronomes Sans Frontières, Lyon, France
Interests: biosecurity; participatory approaches; behaviour change; one health; epidemiogoly; rural development and zoonoses
Prof. Dr. Claude Saegerman

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH) Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
Interests: quantitative epidemiology; quantitative risk analysis; infectiology; prevention and control of diseases; mandatory diseases; emerging diseases; transboundary diseases; zoonotic diseases; one health; global health; biosecurity; livestock; vector-borne diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

According to the World Health Organisation-Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, biosecurity is “a strategic and integrated approach that encompasses the policy and regulatory frameworks (including instruments and activities) that analyse and manage risks in the sectors of food safety, public health, animal life and health, and plant life and health, including associated environmental risk”. Biosecurity is a key component of any animal and public health strategy, and of disease prevention and control programs. Biosecurity is a broad topic, and this Special Issue focuses on livestock biosecurity in a One Health perspective with a special interest in practical aspects at the farm and community level, and at different country income levels (low-, middle-, and high-income countries).

Areas of interest: livestock biosecurity in a One Health perspective; biosecurity evaluation; benchmarking and continuous improvement; observance; biosecurity education; multi-level approaches including community level; biosecurity as a function of enzootic, epidemic, zoonotic, and vector-borne diseases; behavioural determinants of the implementation of the biosecurity measures; evidence-based data to support biosecurity measures; cost–benefit analysis of biosecurity; biosecurity in organic and conventional farming systems; biosecurity resilience; systematic reviews and meta-analyses regarding livestock biosecurity; biosecurity standard operating procedures; SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats); biosecurity innovation; biosecurity tools and guidelines; biosecurity networks and associations

We invite you to share your recent findings in this Special Issue.

Dr. Véronique Renault
Prof. Dr. Claude Saegerman
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biosecurity
  • One Health
  • livestock
  • farm level
  • organic farming
  • conventional farming
  • community level
  • national level
  • intensive farming
  • extensive farming
  • observance
  • resilience
  • education
  • evidence-based medicine
  • cost–benefit analysis
  • behavioural determinants
  • social sciences
  • epidemiology
  • risk analysis
  • standard operational procedures
  • tools
  • innovation
  • artificial intelligence

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 865 KiB  
Article
Evaluation Survey on Agreement with Existing Definitions of Biosecurity with a Focus on Livestock
by Claude Saegerman, Gianni Parisi, Jarkko Niemi, Marie-France Humblet, Jorge Ron-Román, Bachir Souley Kouato, Alberto Allepuz, Vincent Porphyre, Maria Rodrigues da Costa and Véronique Renault
Animals 2023, 13(9), 1518; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13091518 - 30 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1911
Abstract
Disease prevention, including biosecurity, surveillance, and traceability are key aspects to minimize the risk of animal diseases causing harm to society. Diseases for which biosecurity are needed depend on species of interest, e.g., African swine fever, avian influenza, or foot-and-mouth disease. However, several [...] Read more.
Disease prevention, including biosecurity, surveillance, and traceability are key aspects to minimize the risk of animal diseases causing harm to society. Diseases for which biosecurity are needed depend on species of interest, e.g., African swine fever, avian influenza, or foot-and-mouth disease. However, several definitions of biosecurity co-exist in the literature. Under the new COST Action “Biosecurity Enhanced Through Training Evaluation and Raising Awareness” (BETTER) CA20103, we launched an initial survey on the agreement with eight existing definitions of (livestock) biosecurity, to rank keywords to consider before attempting a more consolidated definition, and to select the desirable qualities of a definition of livestock biosecurity. Respondents (N = 316) had a male–female gender ratio close to one, were mostly between 25 and 54 years old, and had animal health as the main field of expertise (30% were government officials). The significant most popular biosecurity definition was the one that conceptualized the rules of 5B’s (bio-exclusion, bio-containment, bio-compartmentation, bio-prevention, and bio-preservation). The top two keywords to consider for the consolidation of the biosecurity definition were “prevention” and “measures”. The optimal biosecurity definition needs to be operational and related to animal health but also comprehensible, simple, and related to public health. The survey results highlight the need for the integration of more aspects in the existing definitions of livestock biosecurity (prevention of zoonoses and preservation of the environment and diversity). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Livestock Biosecurity in a One Health Perspective)
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12 pages, 1406 KiB  
Article
Biosecurity Levels and Farm Characteristics of African Swine Fever Outbreak and Unaffected Farms in Estonia—What Can Be Learned from Them?
by Arvo Viltrop, Kaari Reimus, Tarmo Niine and Kerli Mõtus
Animals 2022, 12(1), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12010068 - 29 Dec 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2600
Abstract
Risk factors related to external biosecurity have been considered to play a major role in the introduction and spread of African swine fever (ASF) in domestic pig populations. The aim of the study was to describe the biosecurity levels and management practices of [...] Read more.
Risk factors related to external biosecurity have been considered to play a major role in the introduction and spread of African swine fever (ASF) in domestic pig populations. The aim of the study was to describe the biosecurity levels and management practices of ASF outbreak and uninfected herds and to identify potential risk factors for ASF introduction. Data collected from the outbreak herds during outbreak investigations and from the randomly selected uninfected herds were analyzed. The biosecurity score in ASF outbreak herds was significantly lower compared to uninfected herds. However, this may reflect general improvement in the application of biosecurity measures in pig farms over time as the data on uninfected herds were collected later, at a time when intensified official controls may have had their effect. Larger herds were more at risk of being outbreak herds compared to smaller herds. The biosecurity parameters significantly associated with the outbreak herd status in multiple correspondence analysis were mostly related to indirect contacts with the outside farm environment. The biosecurity barriers applied in Estonian pig farms have not been sufficient to avoid ASF introduction and need critical evaluation and improvement. Reduction of all contacts between the farm and the external environment should be emphasized in a situation where ASF is circulating in wild boar populations close to pig farms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Livestock Biosecurity in a One Health Perspective)
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Review

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20 pages, 1733 KiB  
Review
Characterising Biosecurity Initiatives Globally to Support the Development of a Progressive Management Pathway for Terrestrial Animals: A Scoping Review
by Nina Militzer, Melissa McLaws, Andriy Rozstalnyy, Yushan Li, Madhur Dhingra, Aashima Auplish, Koen Mintiens, Mirzet Sabirovic, Sophie von Dobschuetz and Martin Heilmann
Animals 2023, 13(16), 2672; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13162672 - 19 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1949
Abstract
While biosecurity is of increasing importance globally, there is still limited evidence of the factors or elements that support the progressive and sustainable scaling up of biosecurity along the value chains from the local to the global level. To gain insight into the [...] Read more.
While biosecurity is of increasing importance globally, there is still limited evidence of the factors or elements that support the progressive and sustainable scaling up of biosecurity along the value chains from the local to the global level. To gain insight into the current body of literature on biosecurity, a mixed-methods approach was used based on a scoping literature review and an online survey with subject matter experts. Six databases were searched for published literature, and textual information from titles and abstracts of all included records (n = 266) were analysed through inductive content analysis to build biosecurity-relevant categories and identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of existing biosecurity systems or initiatives (such as projects or programs). Most records focused on initiatives in high-income countries, traditional livestock species (pigs, poultry, and large ruminants), and the production stage and had a disease-specific focus. No records described a comprehensive or global framework to progressively scale up biosecurity. Overall, the findings highlight the need for initiatives such as the FAO Progressive Management Pathway for Terrestrial Animal Biosecurity (FAO-PMP-TAB), which is a stepwise approach for strengthening biosecurity management along value chains to enhance the health, resilience, and sustainability of animal sectors. The findings highlight important elements and provide recommendations useful for developing approaches or a global framework to progressively improve biosecurity management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Livestock Biosecurity in a One Health Perspective)
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Other

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23 pages, 1420 KiB  
Technical Note
Semi-Quantitative Biosecurity Assessment Framework Targeting Prevention of the Introduction and Establishment of Salmonella Dublin in Dairy Cattle Herds
by Lars Pedersen, Hans Houe, Erik Rattenborg and Liza Rosenbaum Nielsen
Animals 2023, 13(16), 2649; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13162649 - 17 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1136
Abstract
An increasing average herd size and complexity in farm structures call for a higher level of biosecurity. It can reduce the risk of introducing and establishing pathogens with multiple-pathway and indirect spread mechanisms, such as Salmonella Dublin, a pathogen with an increasing occurrence [...] Read more.
An increasing average herd size and complexity in farm structures call for a higher level of biosecurity. It can reduce the risk of introducing and establishing pathogens with multiple-pathway and indirect spread mechanisms, such as Salmonella Dublin, a pathogen with an increasing occurrence in dairy cattle farms across different countries and continents. Therefore, this study aimed to use existing knowledge to develop a framework with a supporting tool allowing for a time-efficient, yet comprehensive, assessment of biosecurity measures that can help prevent the introduction and establishment of S. Dublin in dairy herds. Based on the literature review, a seven-step biosecurity assessment framework was developed and evaluated in collaboration with biosecurity experts. The resulting framework includes a weighted semi-quantitative assessment method with a scoring guide in an electronic supporting tool for 12 biosecurity sections assessed through on-farm observations and farmer interviews. The framework and tool provide a novel approach to comprehensively assess the overall (mainly external) on-farm biosecurity level by a trained biosecurity assessor. They can be used for systematic data collection in epidemiological studies on risk factors for the introduction and establishment of S. Dublin in dairy farms. Preliminary interrater reliability testing indicated moderate reliability between assessors with varying biosecurity skills. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Livestock Biosecurity in a One Health Perspective)
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6 pages, 863 KiB  
Commentary
Biosecurity Concept: Origins, Evolution and Perspectives
by Véronique Renault, Marie-France Humblet and Claude Saegerman
Animals 2022, 12(1), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12010063 - 28 Dec 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 6276
Abstract
Originally used in reference to the management of biological weapons and bio-terrorism, the term biosecurity was first used in the agricultural sector in the 1980s as “the sum of risk management practices in the defence against biological threats”. This term was then taken [...] Read more.
Originally used in reference to the management of biological weapons and bio-terrorism, the term biosecurity was first used in the agricultural sector in the 1980s as “the sum of risk management practices in the defence against biological threats”. This term was then taken up in different strategic documents of different organisations, so multiple definitions and understandings co-exist. This short communication reviews the origins and evolution of the biosecurity concept and discusses the future perspectives of biosecurity in regard to the One Health Approach and the changing environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Livestock Biosecurity in a One Health Perspective)
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