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Animals
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Salmonella in Poultry Production: Causes, Impacts, and Solutions
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Special Issue "Salmonella in Poultry Production: Causes, Impacts, and Solutions"

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Poultry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 August 2023 | Viewed by 2322

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Anup Kollanoor Johny

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Falcon Heights, MN, USA
Interests: alternatives to antibiotics in poultry production; phytobiotics as emerging antimicrobials; multidrug-resistant bacteria; antibiotic resistance mitigation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Salmonella is a major foodborne enteropathogen, causing a significant number of human illnesses worldwide. This pathogen can colonize both cold- and warm-blooded animals and poultry. Poultry and poultry products are implicated in several outbreaks sourcing back to birds raised on farms. In addition to its presence on farms, the emergence of more virulent and antibiotic-resistant Salmonella has resulted in severe public health concerns and challenges to the poultry industry. Responding to the continuing health risks associated with this pathogen, regulatory agencies and industry have devised wide-ranging efforts to better understand Salmonella in the context of its impact on human health and industry economics and progress. This series will revisit the reasons for the Salmonella burden on farms, its implications for the industry, and current and emerging solutions to holistically address this pathogen for safer products on the market. 

Dr. Anup Kollanoor Johny
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Salmonella
  • poultry
  • chicken
  • broiler
  • laying hens
  • gut health
  • food safety
  • poultry production
  • egg
  • meat
  • epidemiology
  • outbreak
  • transmission
  • risk factor
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • virulence
  • public health
  • solutions

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Article
Recombinant Antimicrobial Peptide OaBac5mini Alleviates Inflammation in Pullorum Disease Chicks by Modulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway
by
Shanshan Shen
,
Fei Ren
,
Junping He
,
Jie Wang
,
Yawei Sun
and
Jianhe Hu
Animals 2023, 13(9), 1515; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13091515 - 30 Apr 2023
Viewed by 887
Abstract
Pullorum disease (PD), caused by Salmonella Pullorum (S. Pullorum), is a serious threat to the poultry industry worldwide. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have drawn extensive attention as new-generation antibiotics because of their broad antimicrobial spectrum, low resistance, and low cytotoxicity. AMP OaBac5mini [...] Read more.
Pullorum disease (PD), caused by Salmonella Pullorum (S. Pullorum), is a serious threat to the poultry industry worldwide. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have drawn extensive attention as new-generation antibiotics because of their broad antimicrobial spectrum, low resistance, and low cytotoxicity. AMP OaBac5mini exhibits strong antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, but its efficacy and anti-inflammatory effects on chicks with PD remain unclear. The aim of this study was to generate recombinant OaBac5mini via the Escherichia coli (E. coli) recombinant expression system and evaluate its antibacterial effect against S. Pullorum in vitro and in vivo. Real-time cellular analysis (RTCA) results showed that recombinant OaBac5mini exhibited no cytotoxicity on IPEC-J2 and RAW 264.7 cells and significantly alleviated the drop in the cell index of S. Pullorum-infected cells (p < 0.0001). In the chick model of PD, recombinant OaBac5mini significantly attenuated the increase in organ indexes (heart, liver, spleen, and kidney) and bacterial loads (liver and spleen) induced by S. Pullorum. Histopathology examination showed that recombinant OaBac5mini ameliorated histopathological changes and inflammation in chicks with PD, including impaired epithelium of duodenal villi, infiltration of pseudoacidophilic granulocytes in the cecum and bursa of Fabricius, congested blood clots and increased macrophages in the liver, and increased lymphoid nodule and B lymphocytes in the spleen. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results indicated that recombinant OaBac5mini alleviated inflammation by modulating innate immunity through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and by suppressing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results suggested that recombinant OaBac5mini has good potential as a clinical substitute for antibiotics in PD intervention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Salmonella in Poultry Production: Causes, Impacts, and Solutions)
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Article
Luteolin: A Phytochemical to Mitigate S. Typhimurium Flagellin-Induced Inflammation in a Chicken In Vitro Hepatic Model
by
Patrik Tráj
,
Csilla Sebők
,
Máté Mackei
,
Ágnes Kemény
,
Orsolya Farkas
,
Ákos Kákonyi
,
László Kovács
,
Zsuzsanna Neogrády
,
Ákos Jerzsele
and
Gábor Mátis
Animals 2023, 13(8), 1410; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13081410 - 20 Apr 2023
Viewed by 533
Abstract
The use of natural feed supplements is an alternative tool to diminish the damage caused by certain bacteria, improving animal health and productivity. The present research aimed to investigate the proinflammatory effect of flagellin released from the bacterial flagellum of Salmonella enterica serovar [...] Read more.
The use of natural feed supplements is an alternative tool to diminish the damage caused by certain bacteria, improving animal health and productivity. The present research aimed to investigate the proinflammatory effect of flagellin released from the bacterial flagellum of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and to attenuate the induced inflammation with luteolin as a plant-derived flavonoid on a chicken primary hepatocyte–non-parenchymal cell co-culture. Cells were cultured in a medium supplemented with 250 ng/mL flagellin and 4 or 16 µg/mL luteolin for 24 h. Cellular metabolic activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, interleukin-6, 8, 10 (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10), interferon-α, γ (IFN-α, IFN-γ), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were determined. Flagellin significantly increased the concentration of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 and the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-10, while it decreased the level of IL-10, indicating that the model served adequate to study inflammation in vitro. Luteolin treatment at 4 µg/mL did not prove to be cytotoxic, as reflected by metabolic activity and extracellular LDH activity, and significantly reduced the flagellin-triggered IL-8 release of the cultured cells. Further, it had a diminishing effect on the concentration of IFN-α, H2O2 and MDA and restored the level of IL-10 and the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-10 when applied in combination with flagellin. These results suggest that luteolin at lower concentrations may protect hepatic cells from an excessive inflammatory response and act as an antioxidant to attenuate oxidative damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Salmonella in Poultry Production: Causes, Impacts, and Solutions)
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Article
Effect of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Postbiotic Feed Additive on Salmonella Enteritidis Colonization of Cecal and Ovarian Tissues in Directly Challenged and Horizontally Exposed Layer Pullets
by
W. Evan Chaney
,
Hannah McBride
and
George Girgis
Animals 2023, 13(7), 1186; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13071186 - 28 Mar 2023
Viewed by 592
Abstract
Determining the efficacy of feed-additive technologies utilized as pre-harvest food-safety interventions against Salmonella enterica may be influenced by factors including, but not limited to, mechanism of action, experimental design variables, Salmonella serovar(s), exposure dose, route, or duration in both controlled research and real-world [...] Read more.
Determining the efficacy of feed-additive technologies utilized as pre-harvest food-safety interventions against Salmonella enterica may be influenced by factors including, but not limited to, mechanism of action, experimental design variables, Salmonella serovar(s), exposure dose, route, or duration in both controlled research and real-world field observations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dietary inclusion of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation-derived postbiotic (SCFP) additive (Diamond V, Original XPC®) on the colonization of cecal and ovarian tissues of commercial pullets directly and indirectly exposed to Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). Four hundred and eighty commercial, day-of-age W-36 chicks were randomly allotted to 60 cages per treatment in two identical BSL-2 isolation rooms (Iowa State University) with four birds per cage and fed control (CON) or treatment (TRT) diets for the duration of study. At 16 weeks, two birds per cage were directly challenged via oral gavage with 1.1 × 109 CFU of a nalidixic-acid-resistant SE strain. The remaining two birds in each cage were thus horizontally exposed to the SE challenge. At 3, 7, and 14 days post-challenge (DPC), 20 cages per group were harvested and sampled for SE prevalence and load. No significant differences were observed between groups for SE prevalence in the ceca or ovary tissues of directly challenged birds. For the indirectly exposed cohort, SE cecal prevalence at 7 DPC was significantly lower for TRT (50.0%) vs. CON (72.5%) (p = 0.037) and, likewise, demonstrated significantly lower mean SE cecal load (1.69 Log10) vs. CON (2.83 Log10) (p = 0.005). At 14 DPC, no significant differences were detected but ~10% fewer birds remained positive in the TRT group vs. CON (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that diets supplemented with SCFP postbiotic may be a useful tool for mitigating SE colonization in horizontally exposed pullets and may support pre-harvest food-safety strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Salmonella in Poultry Production: Causes, Impacts, and Solutions)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: Trans-cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion wash inactivates Salmonella Enteritidis on broiler chicken skin without affecting color parameters.
Authors: J. Allen*, B. Balasubramanian*, K. Rankin*, T. Shah*, I. Upadhyaya† Y. Luo‡ and A. Upadhyay*1
Affiliation: University of Connecticut
Abstract: Salmonella Enteritidis is a major pathogen responsible for foodborne illnesses due to consumption of contaminated broiler meat. Despite implementation of traditional disinfection approaches on poultry carcasses, salmonellosis outbreaks continue to occur. Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) is a Generally Recognized as Safe compound obtained from cinnamon. In this study, the efficacy of Trans-cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsion (TCNE) wash treatments in reducing S. Enteritidis on broiler skin was investigated. In addition, the effect of organic matter on TCNE antimicrobial efficacy was studied. Moreover, the effect of TCNE wash on skin color was evaluated on days 0, 1, 7, and 14 of refrigerated storage. The wash treatments were performed at 4°C to mimic the chill tank used for cooling carcasses and chicken skin was used as a model to represent carcass surface. TCNE wash (0.5, 1, 2, 5%) were effective in killing S. Enteritidis by ~ 1 to 1.7 log cfu/sample, by 15 min of treatment time (P<0.05). Corresponding TC oil were not effective in reducing S. Enteritidis on skin even after 60 min of treatment (P>0.05). The presence of organic matter reduced the efficacy of both chlorine and TC oil and the treatments were not effective in reducing Salmonella as compared to control (P>0.05). However, TCNE 5% dip treatment was equally effective in the presence and absence of organic load and reduced pathogen counts by ~ 2.5 log cfu/sample (P<0.05). Furthermore, TCNE did not change skin color (P>0.05). Results suggest that TCNE could potentially be used as a natural antimicrobial wash treatment to reduce S. Enteritidis on broiler skin.

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