Lactation Physiology and Milk Quality of Dairy Cattle

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Cattle".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2023) | Viewed by 2842

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Interests: milk production; milk quality; milk protein; whey protein; milk products
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Cattle Breeding and Genetic Resources Protection, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Interests: milk production; local cattle breeds; milk quality; genetic diversity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In different regions of the world, five species of livestock are used for milk production: cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and camels. According to data from the World Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), nearly 900 million tonnes of milk were produced in 2020, of which 82% came from cattle and 15% from buffalo. Breeding works, modern technologies and innovative solutions in herd management aim to increase animal productivity, with producers expecting high-yielding animals to produce a significant amount of milk during lactation while maintaining appropriate health and reproductive parameters. However, with the intensification of milk production, animal welfare decreases; the animals become more exposed to metabolic stress, leading to metabolic disorders and, consequently, to a decrease in milk yield. The processes taking place also affect milk quality, including the concentration of ingredients with health-promoting properties. It should be emphasized that the quality of milk is important both for the dairy industry and modern consumers, who are increasingly looking for food characterized not only by high nutritional value, but also by a high content of ingredients that can positively affect their health. It is therefore necessary to look for innovative solutions that positively affect both the animals’ welfare and milk quality, and sustainable production systems can help to improve the latter.

We believe that the search for newer solutions and links between productivity and new indicators will be of interest to the contributing authors.

We look forward to receiving your submissions.

Prof. Dr. Jolanta Król
Dr. Wioletta Sawicka-Zugaj
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • milk production
  • milk quality
  • metabolic stress
  • lactation
  • animal welfare

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 361 KiB  
Article
Effect of Farming System and Season on Proximate Composition, Fatty Acid Profile, Antioxidant Activity, and Physicochemical Properties of Retail Cow Milk
by Eleni Kasapidou, Roxani-Aikaterini Stergioudi, Vasileios Papadopoulos, Paraskevi Mitlianga, Georgios Papatzimos, Maria-Anastasia Karatzia, Michail Amanatidis, Vasiliki Tortoka, Ekaterini Tsiftsi, Antonia Aggou and Zoitsa Basdagianni
Animals 2023, 13(23), 3637; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13233637 - 24 Nov 2023
Viewed by 708
Abstract
Consumers differentiate milk-quality characteristics in relation to the production system, but data on retail milk composition are limited. This study investigated how farming methods and seasons affect proximate composition, fatty acid profile, antioxidant activity, and physicochemical characteristics of commercial cow’s milk. Milk samples, [...] Read more.
Consumers differentiate milk-quality characteristics in relation to the production system, but data on retail milk composition are limited. This study investigated how farming methods and seasons affect proximate composition, fatty acid profile, antioxidant activity, and physicochemical characteristics of commercial cow’s milk. Milk samples, both conventional (n = 84, 7 manufacturers) and organic (n = 24, 2 manufacturers), were collected monthly over a year. Farming system did not significantly affect milk composition other than fat content, whereas seasonal effects were notable, impacting the contents of ash, protein, and added water. Fatty acid composition exhibited variations influenced by both production system and season. Compared to conventionally produced milk, organically produced milk exhibited higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (4.54 vs. 3.88, p < 0.01) and a lower atherogenicity index (2.23 vs. 2.50, p < 0.05). The antioxidant activity showed that conventionally produced milk exhibited better radical-scavenging activity (DPPH) (14.54 vs. 12.30 μM TE/mL, p < 0.01). Seasonal variations were evident in both free radical-scavenging activity (DPPH), with values of 12.29 μM TE/mL in winter and 15.58 μM TE/mL in spring (p < 0.05), and ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP), with levels of 21.81 μM TE/mL in autumn and 27.94 μM TE/mL in spring (p < 0.05). Season significantly affected (p < 0.001) milk pH, electrical conductivity, refractive index, and freezing-point depression. In conclusion, this study showed that the farming system has a limited impact on retail milk quality compared to the significant influence of season. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lactation Physiology and Milk Quality of Dairy Cattle)
13 pages, 2343 KiB  
Article
Total and Differential Somatic Cell Count in Italian Local Cattle Breeds: Phenotypic Variability and Effect on Milk Yield and Composition
by Silvia Magro, Angela Costa and Massimo De Marchi
Animals 2023, 13(7), 1249; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13071249 - 04 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1587
Abstract
Milk differential somatic cell count (DSCC) represents the percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and lymphocytes out of the total somatic cell count (SCC) and has been proposed in recent years as a proxy for udder health in dairy cows. We investigated phenotypic factors affecting [...] Read more.
Milk differential somatic cell count (DSCC) represents the percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and lymphocytes out of the total somatic cell count (SCC) and has been proposed in recent years as a proxy for udder health in dairy cows. We investigated phenotypic factors affecting SCC and DSCC using 3978 records of 212 Alpine Grey and 426 Burlina cows farmed in Northern Italy. The linear mixed model accounted for the fixed effects of breed, parity, lactation stage, sampling season, and first-order interactions of breed with the other effects. Cow, herd-test-date nested within breed were random. Subsequently, four udder health status groups (UHS) were created by combining SCC and DSCC to assess the UHS impact on milk yield and quality. DSCC was greater in Alpine Grey (66.2 ± 0.8%) than Burlina cows (63.2 ± 0.6%) and, similarly to SCC, it increased with days in milk and parity regardless of breed. Milk yield and composition were affected by UHS in both breeds. These results suggest that also udder health of local breeds can be monitored on a large scale through SCC and DSCC for reduction in biodiversity loss and increased farm profitability. However, in addition to milk data, the introduction of mastitis recording and monitoring plans is advisable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lactation Physiology and Milk Quality of Dairy Cattle)
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