Diagnostic Strategies in Bovine Respiratory Disease

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Cattle".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 September 2024 | Viewed by 5909

Special Issue Editors

Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
Interests: bovine respiratory disease; diagnostic immunohistochemistry; histological patterns of infectious disease agents; malignant catarrhal fever; molecular epidemiology; pathogenesis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Large Animal Health Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
Interests: clinical diagnostics; serology; clinical pathology ‎

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex causes serious losses due to morbidity, mortality, and the related therapy of affected animals worldwide. The infectious disease agents associated with the development of BRD continue to grow as new diagnostic strategies are being implemented or conventional techniques methods are modified. Additionally, diagnosis continues to be one the principal aims to prevent loss due to productivity, mortality, and morbidity, aiding with the understanding of the pathogenesis of infectious disease agents of BRD and defining the participation of singular and/or concomitant agents in the participation of pulmonary disease in dairy and feedlot cattle.

We are pleased to invite you to participate in this Special issue that deals with all methods of diagnosis related to the characterization of infectious disease agents and/or the clinical diagnosis of BRD. Articles containing any of the scientific methods of diagnosis, such as clinical, all forms of laboratory diagnosis including but not limited to histopathology, bacteriology, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, serology, molecular, respiratory microbiota, and new-generation sequencing, are welcome.  

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  1. Clinical diagnosis and studies;
  2. Serological epidemiology;
  3. Histopathological, Immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization;
  4. Molecular characterization;
  5. Bacteriological identification;
  6. New-generation sequencing;
  7. Respiratory microbiota of cattle;
  8. Meta-analyses and/or reviews.

Prof. Dr. Selwyn Arlington Headley 
Dr. João Paulo Elsen Saut
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • clinical evaluations
  • diagnosis
  • immunohistochemistry
  • in situ hybridization
  • new-generation sequencing
  • ‎molecular detection
  • pulmonary infection
  • patterns of pulmonary disease

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 969 KiB  
Article
Detection of Mannheimia haemolytica-Specific IgG, IgM and IgA in Sera and Their Relationship to Respiratory Disease in Cattle
by Korakrit Poonsuk, Carita Kordik, Matthew Hille, Ting-Yu Cheng, William B. Crosby, Amelia R. Woolums, Michael L. Clawson, Carol Chitko-McKown, Bruce Brodersen and John Dustin Loy
Animals 2023, 13(9), 1531; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13091531 - 03 May 2023
Viewed by 1359
Abstract
Mannheimia haemolytica is one of the major causes of bovine respiratory disease in cattle. The organism is the primary bacterium isolated from calves and young cattle affected with enzootic pneumonia. Novel indirect ELISAs were developed and evaluated to enable quantification of antibody responses [...] Read more.
Mannheimia haemolytica is one of the major causes of bovine respiratory disease in cattle. The organism is the primary bacterium isolated from calves and young cattle affected with enzootic pneumonia. Novel indirect ELISAs were developed and evaluated to enable quantification of antibody responses to whole cell antigens using M. haemolytica A1 strain P1148. In this study, the ELISAs were initially developed using sera from both M. haemolytica-culture-free and clinically infected cattle, then the final prototypes were tested in the validation phase using a larger set of known-status M. haemolytica sera (n = 145) collected from feedlot cattle. The test showed good inter-assay and intra-assay repeatability. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were estimated at 91% and 87% for IgG at a cutoff of S/P ≥ 0.8. IgM diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 91% and 81% at a cutoff of sample to positive (S/P) ratio ≥ 0.8. IgA diagnostic sensitivity was 89% whereas specificity was 78% at a cutoff of S/P ≥ 0.2. ELISA results of all isotypes were related to the diagnosis of respiratory disease and isolation of M. haemolytica (p-value < 0.05). These data suggest that M. haemolytica ELISAs can be adapted to the detection and quantification of antibody in serum specimens and support the use of these tests for the disease surveillance and disease prevention research in feedlot cattle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Strategies in Bovine Respiratory Disease)
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Review

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40 pages, 1376 KiB  
Review
Strategies for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) Diagnosis and Prognosis: A Comprehensive Overview
by Mohamed S. Kamel, Josiah Levi Davidson and Mohit S. Verma
Animals 2024, 14(4), 627; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14040627 - 16 Feb 2024
Viewed by 860
Abstract
Despite significant advances in vaccination strategies and antibiotic therapy, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) continues to be the leading disease affecting the global cattle industry. The etiology of BRD is complex, often involving multiple microbial agents, which lead to intricate interactions between the host [...] Read more.
Despite significant advances in vaccination strategies and antibiotic therapy, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) continues to be the leading disease affecting the global cattle industry. The etiology of BRD is complex, often involving multiple microbial agents, which lead to intricate interactions between the host immune system and pathogens during various beef production stages. These interactions present environmental, social, and geographical challenges. Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective disease management. Nevertheless, correct identification of BRD cases remains a daunting challenge for animal health technicians in feedlots. In response to current regulations, there is a growing interest in refining clinical diagnoses of BRD to curb the overuse of antimicrobials. This shift marks a pivotal first step toward establishing a structured diagnostic framework for this disease. This review article provides an update on recent developments and future perspectives in clinical diagnostics and prognostic techniques for BRD, assessing their benefits and limitations. The methods discussed include the evaluation of clinical signs and animal behavior, biomarker analysis, molecular diagnostics, ultrasound imaging, and prognostic modeling. While some techniques show promise as standalone diagnostics, it is likely that a multifaceted approach—leveraging a combination of these methods—will yield the most accurate diagnosis of BRD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Strategies in Bovine Respiratory Disease)
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Other

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11 pages, 1811 KiB  
Brief Report
Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 in Cattle Herds in China
by Yunxin Ren, Cheng Tang and Hua Yue
Animals 2023, 13(5), 793; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13050793 - 22 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1591
Abstract
Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) is a common respiratory pathogen that causes respiratory illness in cattle and makes a major contribution to the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC); however, data on the prevalence and molecular features of BPIV3 are still scarce in [...] Read more.
Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) is a common respiratory pathogen that causes respiratory illness in cattle and makes a major contribution to the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC); however, data on the prevalence and molecular features of BPIV3 are still scarce in China. To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of BPIV3 in China, between September 2020 and June 2022, 776 respiratory samples were received from 58 BRDC-affected farms located in 16 provinces and one municipality. Those were screened for BPIV3 using a reverse transcription insulated isothermal PCR (RT-iiPCR) assay. Meanwhile, the HN gene and complete genome sequence of strains from different provinces were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed. The tests showed that 18.17% (141/776) of samples tested were positive for BPIV3, which originated from 21 farms in 6 provinces. Moreover, 22 complete HN gene sequences and 9 nearly complete genome sequences were obtained from the positive samples. Phylogenetic analysis based on the HN gene and complete genome sequences revealed that the sequences were clustered in one large clade for all Chinese BPIV3 genotype C strains, while overseas strain sequences of BPIV3 genotype C clustered into other clades. Moving beyond the known complete genome sequences of BPIV3 in GenBank, a total of five unique amino acid mutations were found in N protein, F protein, and HN protein in Chinese BPIV3 genotype C strains. Taken together, this study reveals that BPIV3 genotype C strains, the dominant strains in China, have a broad geographical distribution and some unique genetic characteristics. These findings contribute to our understanding of the epidemiological characteristics and genetic evolution of BPIV3 in China. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Strategies in Bovine Respiratory Disease)
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10 pages, 1546 KiB  
Case Report
Possible Association of Bovine Gammaherpesvirus 6 with Pulmonary Disease in a Cow
by Selwyn Arlington Headley, Alais Maria Dall Agnol, Thalita Evani Silva Oliveira, Vinícius Rodrigues Bon, Gabriela Sanches Scuisato, Ana Aparecida Correa Xavier, Carolina Yuka Yasumitsu, Alice Fernandes Alfieri and Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
Animals 2023, 13(3), 417; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13030417 - 26 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1384
Abstract
Bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 (BoGHV6), previously known as bovine lymphotropic virus, is a member of the Macavirus genus, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. Other members of the genus Macavirus include viruses that produce malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) in mammalian hosts, collectively referred to as the MCF virus [...] Read more.
Bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 (BoGHV6), previously known as bovine lymphotropic virus, is a member of the Macavirus genus, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. Other members of the genus Macavirus include viruses that produce malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) in mammalian hosts, collectively referred to as the MCF virus (MCFV) complex, and the porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus (PLHV). However, the current role of BoGHV6 in the development of diseases and/or disease syndromes remains uncertain and controversial. This paper investigated the participation of BoGHV6 in the development of pulmonary disease in a cow with interstitial pneumonia by histopathology and molecular testing. Tissue antigens of common viral agents of respiratory diseases and Mycoplasma bovis were not identified by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, molecular assays designed to amplify common bacterial and viral pathogens of pulmonary disease did not amplify the nucleic acids of these agents. However, a pan-PCR assay amplified the DNA of the herpesvirus polymerase gene, while the specific BoGHV6 nested-PCR assay amplified the partial fragment of the BoGHV6 polymerase gene derived from the pulmonary tissue with interstitial pneumonia. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the BoGHV6 strain herein identified had 99.8% nucleotide (nt) sequence identity with reference strains of BoGHV6, but only 72.2–73.5% and 67.9–68.6% nt identity with reference strains of MCFV and PLHV, respectively. Consequently, these results suggest that BoGHV6 was associated with the pulmonary disease observed in this cow. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Strategies in Bovine Respiratory Disease)
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