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Animals
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Advances in Fish Pathology
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Advances in Fish Pathology

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Aquatic Animals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 June 2023) | Viewed by 6961

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jessica Maria Abbate

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Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
Interests: pathology; oncology; parasitology; infectious diseases; laboratory animals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Giovanni Lanteri

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
Interests: pathology; fish pathology; laboratory animals; autopsy; oncology; aquatic organisms
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Carmelo Iaria

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
Interests: fish pathology; laboratory animals; animal welfare; fish husbandry; diseases of aquatic organisms
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The pathology of aquatic organisms derives from a complex interaction among pathogens, host and environmental factors, and its study can be considered an important multidisciplinary tool useful for toxicological, ecological, and aquaculture purposes. The study of aquatic pathology can be used in comparative pathology and environmental monitoring programs, as aquatic organisms are important indicators of environmental toxicants and useful biological models for studying the mechanisms of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis associated with water pollution and environmental carcinogens, which represent a danger to all higher vertebrates.

This Special Issue welcomes studies focusing on all aspects of pathological phenomena in aquatic organisms, such as studies involving the characteristics of potential fish pathogens, diagnosis and pathogenesis of diseases, new insights into biological responses to environmental factors, and appropriate measures to prevent and control the main diseases that limit production in aquaculture; in particular, congenital anomalies, tumors, infectious diseases, toxic effects, and all the factors that influence the health of fish species.

Dr. Jessica Maria Abbate
Prof. Dr. Giovanni Lanteri
Dr. Carmelo Iaria
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fish
  • aquatic organisms
  • shellfish
  • pathology
  • fish oncology
  • tumors
  • infectious diseases
  • aquaculture diseases
  • parasitic diseases

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 8169 KiB  
Article
CRFB5a, a Subtype of Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonica) Type I IFN Receptor, Regulates Host Antiviral and Antimicrobial Functions through Activation of IRF3/IRF7 and LEAP2
by Tianyu Wang, Peng Lin, Yilei Wang, Xiaojian Lai, Pengyun Chen, Fuyan Li and Jianjun Feng
Animals 2023, 13(19), 3157; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13193157 - 09 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1271
Abstract
IFNAR1, one of the type I IFN receptors, is crucial to mammalian host defense against viral invasion. However, largely unknown is the immunological role of the fish teleost protein IFNAR1, also known as CRFB5. We have successfully cloned the whole cDNA of the [...] Read more.
IFNAR1, one of the type I IFN receptors, is crucial to mammalian host defense against viral invasion. However, largely unknown is the immunological role of the fish teleost protein IFNAR1, also known as CRFB5. We have successfully cloned the whole cDNA of the Japanese eel’s (Anguilla japonica) CRFB5a homolog, AjCRFB5a. The two fibronectin-3 domains and the transmembrane region (238–260 aa) of AjCRFB5a are normally present, and it shares a three-dimensional structure with zebrafish, Asian arowana, and humans. According to expression analyses, AjCRFB5a is highly expressed in all tissues found, particularly the liver and intestine. In vivo, Aeromonas hydrophila, LPS, and the viral mimic poly I:C all dramatically increased AjCRFB5a expression in the liver. Japanese eel liver cells were reported to express AjCRFB5a more strongly in vitro after being exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila or being stimulated with poly I: C. The membranes of Japanese eel liver cells contained EGFP-AjCRFB5a proteins, some of which were condensed, according to the results of fluorescence microscopy. Luciferase reporter assays showed that AjCRFB5a overexpression strongly increased the expression of immune-related genes in Japanese eel liver cells, such as IFN1, IFN2, IFN3, IFN4, IRF3, IRF5, and IRF7 of the type I IFN signaling pathway, as well as one of the essential antimicrobial peptides LEAP2, in addition to significantly inducing human IFN-promoter activities in HEK293 cells. Additionally, RNA interference (RNAi) data demonstrated that knocking down AjCRFB5a caused all eight of those genes to drastically lower their expression in Japanese eel liver cells, as well as to variable degrees in the kidney, spleen, liver, and intestine. Our findings together showed that AjCRFB5a participates in the host immune response to bacterial infection by inducing antimicrobial peptides mediated by LEAP2 and favorably modulates host antiviral immune responses by activating IRF3 and IRF7-driven type I IFN signaling pathways. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Fish Pathology)
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18 pages, 2118 KiB  
Article
Molecular and Biochemical Evidence of the Toxic Effects of Terbuthylazine and Malathion in Zebrafish
by Ihab Khatib, Oksana Horyn, Oksana Bodnar, Oleh Lushchak, Piotr Rychter and Halina Falfushynska
Animals 2023, 13(6), 1029; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13061029 - 11 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1971
Abstract
Our research sought to determine the molecular and biochemical effects of environmentally relevant exposure to commonly used chloro-s-triazine herbicide terbuthylazine and organophosphate insecticide malathion on zebrafish. To this aim, mature zebrafish were exposed to 2 and 30 µg L−1 terbuthylazine and 5 [...] Read more.
Our research sought to determine the molecular and biochemical effects of environmentally relevant exposure to commonly used chloro-s-triazine herbicide terbuthylazine and organophosphate insecticide malathion on zebrafish. To this aim, mature zebrafish were exposed to 2 and 30 µg L−1 terbuthylazine and 5 and 50 µg L−1 malathion alone and in combination for 14 days. Aside from the accumulation of TBARS and protein carbonyls, a decrease in antioxidants and succinate dehydrogenase activity, an increase in oxidized glutathione, and enhanced apoptosis via Caspase-3 and BAX overexpression were observed. Furthermore, terbuthylazine and malathion induced mitochondrial swelling (up to 210% after single exposure and up to 470% after co-exposure) and lactate dehydrogenase leakage (up to 268% after single exposure and up to 570% after co-exposure) in a concentration-dependent manner. Significant upregulation of ubiquitin expression and increased cathepsin D activity were characteristics that appeared only upon terbuthylazine exposure, whereas the induction of IgM was identified as the specific characteristic of malathion toxicity. Meanwhile, no alterations in the zebrafish hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis was observed. Co-exposure increased the adverse effects of individual pesticides on zebrafish. This study should improve the understanding of the mechanisms of pesticide toxicity that lead to fish impairment and biodiversity decline. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Fish Pathology)
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10 pages, 1043 KiB  
Article
Morphological and Molecular Identification of Mullet Helminth Parasite Fauna from Ganzirri Lagoon (Sicily, Southern Italy)
by Giovanni De Benedetto, Fabiano Capparucci, Sabrina Natale, Serena Savoca, Kristian Riolo, Claudio Gervasi, Marco Albano, Alessia Giannetto, Gabriella Gaglio and Carmelo Iaria
Animals 2023, 13(5), 847; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13050847 - 25 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1746
Abstract
Mullets (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae) are a euryhaline species widely distributed all over the world, thus representing an excellent study model for host–parasite interactions. From March to June 2022, 150 mullets, belonging to Chelon labrosus (n = 99), Chelon auratus (n = 37), [...] Read more.
Mullets (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae) are a euryhaline species widely distributed all over the world, thus representing an excellent study model for host–parasite interactions. From March to June 2022, 150 mullets, belonging to Chelon labrosus (n = 99), Chelon auratus (n = 37), and Oedalechilus labeo (n = 14) species, were caught to identify the helminth parasite fauna of the different mullet species present in the Ganzirri Lagoon (Messina, Sicily, Italy). A parasitological evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was carried out with a total worm count technique (TWC) to detect helminth presence. All collected parasites were stored in 70% ethanol until morphological evaluation, and frozen at −80 °C for subsequent molecular analysis, using 28S, ITS-2, 18S primers. The morphological evaluation allowed for the identification Acanthocephalan parasites (Neoechinorhynchus agilis) from two C. labrosus specimens. Sixty-six samples were positive for adult digenean trematodes (C. labrosus, 49.5 %; C. auratus, 27%, and O. labeo, 50%), molecularly identified as Haploporus benedeni. This study represents the first survey of helminthic parasite fauna of mullets from the south of Italy. The presence of Hydrobia sp. in the stomach contents of mullets allowed us to infer the H. benedeni life cycle in the Ganzirri lagoon. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Fish Pathology)
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Review

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35 pages, 1962 KiB  
Review
Synopsis of the Species of Coccidians Reported in Marine Fish
by Aurélia Saraiva, Jorge C. Eiras, Cristina Cruz and Raquel Xavier
Animals 2023, 13(13), 2119; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132119 - 26 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1266
Abstract
Eimeriid coccidians represent one of the largest groups of parasitic unicellular organisms and comprise many species of veterinary and medical importance. The aim of this work is to provide information, as complete as possible, concerning the oocyst phase of the species of coccidians [...] Read more.
Eimeriid coccidians represent one of the largest groups of parasitic unicellular organisms and comprise many species of veterinary and medical importance. The aim of this work is to provide information, as complete as possible, concerning the oocyst phase of the species of coccidians (Apicomplexa: Eimeriorina) with four sporocysts, which were reported in marine fish. For each species, the accepted scientific name and respective authorities, its synonyms, reported hosts, site of infection (organ), and geographic distribution have been assembled. Available information on morphology (oocyst, sporocyst, and sporozoite) and GenBank accession numbers were also compiled. A total of 100 species of coccidians were described and reported from 60 families of marine fishes. Most species have been described from marine teleosts, with only 14 of the species described from marine elasmobranchs. Most of the species reported in marine fish belong to the genera Eimeria and Goussia, and only a handful belong to the genera Epieimeria, Calyptospora, and Crystallospora. Although marine coccidians have began to be described for more than one century, the collection of genetic data on marine fish coccidians only started in the 2010s and remains largely disconnected from the morphological analysis of specimens, which is available for only six formally described species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Fish Pathology)
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