Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
4.2
3.0
Journals
Animals
Special Issues
Protozoosis in Animals: Antiprotozoal Drugs and Pharmacokinetics
share announcement

Protozoosis in Animals: Antiprotozoal Drugs and Pharmacokinetics

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Clinical Studies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (24 July 2023) | Viewed by 8538

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Keyu Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai, China
Interests: drug development; drug targets; screening of antiparasitic drugs; pharmacodynamic mechanism; drug resistant; alternative antibiotics; safety evaluation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Fan Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
Interests: aquaculture; pharmacokinetics; food safety
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Protozoonosis remains one of the major threats to animal health worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Domestic and wild animals may also be reservoirs for such diseases, raising public health and safety concerns. Up to now, chemotherapy is still the primary means of treatment and prevention of protozoal infections. Unfortunately, the usefulness of available drugs is increasingly threatened by parasite drug resistance development. The emergence of drug-resistant protozoa strains requires more effort to develop safe and effective antiprotozoal drugs. Moreover, it has also encouraged people to optimize the dosing regimen of antiprotozoal drugs, guide rational clinical use, and prevent the occurrence of protozoal drug resistance through pharmacokinetic research. Therefore, this Special Issue on animal protozoosis focuses on the application of novel antiprotozoal drugs in veterinary clinics, new virtues and mechanisms of antiprotozoal drugs in animals, development of antiprotozoal drug resistance, and discovery of antiprotozoal drug pharmacokinetics. We encourage submissions related but not limited to the following:

  1. Availability and efficacy observation of new antiprotozoal drugs in veterinary clinics;
  2. Discovery of new action mechanisms and new applications of antiprotozoal drugs in animals;
  3. Research on veterinary clinical efficacy, side effects, drug resistance, and mechanism of antiprotozoal drugs;
  4. Pharmacokinetic studies of antiprotozoal drugs and their new metabolism mechanisms;
  5. Research optimizing the antiprotozoal drug dosing scheme through pharmacodynamics or a pharmacokinetic model.

We welcome original research articles, reviews, mini-reviews, methodological articles, hypothesis and theory articles, and technical reports. In addition, ideas and comments on recommendations and policies in different countries/regions are particularly welcome.

Prof. Dr. Keyu Zhang
Prof. Dr. Fan Yang 
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • animal protozoosis
  • antiprotozoal drugs
  • pharmacokinetics
  • drug development
  • clinical curative effect
  • drug resistance
  • molecular mechanism

Published Papers (4 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

14 pages, 2040 KiB  
Article
Development and Application of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Diclazuril in Broiler Chickens
by Fang Yang, Mei Zhang, Yang-Guang Jin, Jun-Cheng Chen, Ming-Hui Duan, Yue Liu, Ze-En Li, Xing-Ping Li and Fan Yang
Animals 2023, 13(9), 1512; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13091512 - 29 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1257
Abstract
Withdrawal periods for diclazuril in broilers have traditionally been determined through regression analysis. However, over the last two decades, the physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model has gained prominence as a predictive tool for veterinary drug residues, which offers an alternative method for establishing [...] Read more.
Withdrawal periods for diclazuril in broilers have traditionally been determined through regression analysis. However, over the last two decades, the physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model has gained prominence as a predictive tool for veterinary drug residues, which offers an alternative method for establishing appropriate withdrawal periods for veterinary drugs. In this current study, a flow-limited PBPK model was developed to predict diclazuril concentrations in broilers following long-duration administration via medicated feed and water. This model consists of nine compartments, including arterial and venous plasma, lung, muscle, skin + fat, kidney, liver, intestine contents, and the rest of the body compartment. Physiological parameters such as tissue weights (Vcxx) and blood flow (Qcxx) were gathered from published studies, and tissue/plasma partition coefficients (Pxx) were calculated through the area method or parameter optimization. Published diclazuril concentrations were compared to the predicted values, indicating the accuracy and validity of the model. The sensitivity analysis showed that parameters associated with cardiac output, drug absorption, and elimination significantly affected diclazuril concentrations in the muscle. Finally, a Monte Carlo analysis, consisting of 1000 iterations, was conducted to calculate the withdrawal period. Based on the Chinese MRL values, we calculated a withdrawal period of 0 days for both recommended dosing regimens (through mediated water and feed at concentrations of 0.5–1 mg/L and 1 mg/kg, respectively). However, based on the European MRLs, longer periods were determined for the mediated feed dosing route. Our model provides a foundation for scaling other coccidiostats and poultry species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Protozoosis in Animals: Antiprotozoal Drugs and Pharmacokinetics)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 832 KiB  
Article
Residue Depletion of Imidocarb in Bovine Tissues by UPLC-MS/MS
by Yaoxin Tang, Na Yu, Chunshuang Liu, Mingyue Han, Honglei Wang, Xiaojie Chen, Jijun Kang, Xiubo Li and Yiming Liu
Animals 2023, 13(1), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13010104 - 27 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1442
Abstract
In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the residue depletion of imidocarb (IMD) in bovine tissues, and the drug withdrawal time of IMD was determined. Twenty-five clinically healthy cattle (body weight 300 kg ± 15 [...] Read more.
In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the residue depletion of imidocarb (IMD) in bovine tissues, and the drug withdrawal time of IMD was determined. Twenty-five clinically healthy cattle (body weight 300 kg ± 15 kg) were randomly divided into five groups of five cattle each. The cattle were treated subcutaneously injecting a single dose of a generic IMD formulation, at the recommended dosage of 3.0 mg/kg. The five groups of cattle were slaughtered respectively at 96, 160, 198, 213, and 228 days after IMD administration. Samples from the liver, kidney, muscle, fat, and injection site were collected from each animal. After subtilis proteinase was used to digest the tissue, the content of IMD in the samples was analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS method. In conclusion, the method validation results showed that the method meets the criteria, and the longest withdrawal time of 224 days for the liver can be selected as the conclusive withdrawal time to guarantee consumer safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Protozoosis in Animals: Antiprotozoal Drugs and Pharmacokinetics)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 5648 KiB  
Article
Comparative Effect of Allicin and Alcoholic Garlic Extract on the Morphology and Infectivity of Eimeria tenella Oocysts in Chickens
by Salwa Mahmoud Abd-ELrahman, Sara Abdel-Aal Mohamed, Samar Elsayed Mohamed, Manal F. El-Khadragy, Ahmed Kamal Dyab, Nashwa Hamad, Marwa M. Safwat, Asmaa A. E. Nasr, Abdulsalam A. M. Alkhaldi, Ahmed Gareh and Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
Animals 2022, 12(22), 3185; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12223185 - 17 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2365
Abstract
Avian coccidiosis remains one of the major parasitic diseases that threaten the global poultry industry. Since prevention is superior to treatment, this study focuses on eliminating the infection outside the host. To determine their effect on the viability of Eimeria tenella oocysts in vitro, [...] Read more.
Avian coccidiosis remains one of the major parasitic diseases that threaten the global poultry industry. Since prevention is superior to treatment, this study focuses on eliminating the infection outside the host. To determine their effect on the viability of Eimeria tenella oocysts in vitro, allicin and alcoholic garlic extract, which are natural, less toxic, and inexpensive products, were compared to KOH 5% (chemical disinfectant) using an in vitro culture system. Three concentrations of allicin (45, 90, and 180 mg/mL) and alcoholic garlic extract (90, 180, and 360 mg/mL, were used. Subsequently, destructive and sporulation-inhibiting effects on Eimeria oocysts were detected using light and electron microscopy. Young chickens were infected with treated sporulated oocysts to determine their effect on infectivity. After 7 days pi, the percentage of excreted oocysts (oocyst shedding) was determined, and the chickens were slaughtered for histopathological examination of the cecal tissues. Under an electron microscope, allicin at a concentration of 180 mg/mL and alcoholic garlic extract at a concentration of 360 mg/mL demonstrate a high oocysticidal activity with severe destruction of the oocyst wall and the appearance of pores. In addition, both concentrations directly affected the infectivity of sporulated oocysts by reducing the shedding of oocysts and the pathological lesions of infected young chickens. We concluded that the ability of Allicin and alcoholic garlic extract to eliminate Eimeria oocysts makes them superior to chemical disinfectants as a disinfectant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Protozoosis in Animals: Antiprotozoal Drugs and Pharmacokinetics)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 10878 KiB  
Article
Wheat Germ Oil and Propolis Decrease Parasite Burden and Restore Marked Histopathological Changes in Liver and Lung in Mice with Chronic Toxoplasmosis
by Ashraf Mohamed Barakat, Hassan Ali Mohamed El Fadaly, Ahmed Gareh, Khaled A. Abd El-Razik, Fatma Abo Zakaib Ali, Amira A. Saleh, Sabry A. S. Sadek, Naief Dahran, Abd El-Nasser G. El-Gendy, Manal F. El-Khadragy and Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
Animals 2022, 12(22), 3069; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12223069 - 08 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2123
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution. Its effects can be critical in immunocompromised patients. However, there is a limited availability of effective, low-toxicity drugs against this disease, particularly in its chronic form. The present study evaluated the effect of [...] Read more.
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution. Its effects can be critical in immunocompromised patients. However, there is a limited availability of effective, low-toxicity drugs against this disease, particularly in its chronic form. The present study evaluated the effect of propolis and wheat germ oil (WGO) as safe, natural products to reduce Toxoplasma cysts in experimentally infected mice. For the experiment, five groups (10 mice per group) were examined: Group 1: negative control (noninfected, nontreated); Group 2: positive control (infected, nontreated); Group 3: infected and treated with WGO at a dose of 0.2 mg/1.5 mL per kg body weight/day; Group 4: infected and treated with 0.1 mL propolis extract/day; and Group 5: infected and treated with a combination of WGO and propolis at the same doses as Group 3 and 4. After the mice were sacrificed, liver and lung specimens underwent histopathological examination, and the parasite burden was investigated by parasitological methods and quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Notably, the results showed a substantial decrease in parasitic burden in Group 5 compared to the control group. These results were further confirmed by molecular analysis and quantification of the DNA concentration of the Toxoplasma P29 gene after treatment in all tested samples. Furthermore, the combination of propolis and WGO restored all histopathological changes in the liver and lungs. Taken together, these findings provide remarkably promising evidence of the effects of the combination of WGO and propolis against chronic toxoplasmosis in mice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Protozoosis in Animals: Antiprotozoal Drugs and Pharmacokinetics)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-4
Back to TopTop