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Functional Feeds and Antioxidant Status in Aquatic Animals: Current Research...
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Functional Feeds and Antioxidant Status in Aquatic Animals: Current Research and Future Directions

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Aquatic Animals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (12 December 2023) | Viewed by 4671

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Rita Teodósio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Interests: aquaculture; nutrition; protein metabolism; functional feeds; feed additives; amino acids; microalgae; macroalgae; fish robustness
Dr. Maria João Xavier

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Interests: aquaculture; nutrition; microdiets; health status; growth performance; feed additives; antioxidant status; marine fish larvae
Dr. Sofia Engrola

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve-Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Interests: aquaculture; nutrition; growth; protein metabolism; feeding strategies; animal robustness; fish larvae; feed additives
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Cláudia Aragão

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve Campus de Gambelas, edf 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
Interests: aquaculture; nutrition; amino acids; taurine; alternative ingredients; feed additives; fish welfare
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Functional feeds are being increasingly recognized as a nutritional tool to improve the overall robustness and performance of aquatic animals. These feeds are designed to promote growth, feed conversion efficiency, nutrient digestibility, and immune and antioxidant status in aquatic animals. This Special Issue aims to explore the current research and future directions for functional feeds in fish and shrimp aquaculture.

In this Special Issue, we invite contributions focusing on the potential benefits of using functional feeds to reduce oxidative stress and improve animal robustness and/or resilience in the Aquaculture industry. Functional feeds may include additives such as pre- and probiotics, plant extracts, amino acids, protein hydrolysates, micro- and macroalgae biomasses and extracts, etc. We also aim to explore emerging areas of research, such as the use of functional feeds in promoting gut health or enhancing aquatic animal response to adverse conditions.

Overall, this Special Issue intends to highlight the importance of functional feeds to improve the performance or welfare of cultured fish and shrimp. We hope that this Issue will stimulate further research in this area and contribute to the development of more effective and sustainable aquaculture practices.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Rita Teodósio
Dr. Maria João Xavier
Dr. Sofia Engrola
Dr. Cláudia Aragão
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • functional feeds
  • antioxidant status
  • fish
  • shrimp
  • algae biomass
  • amino acids
  • plant extracts
  • protein hydroly-sates
  • gut health
  • stress resistance

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 4862 KiB  
Article
Dietary Taurine Intake Affects the Growth Performance, Lipid Composition, and Antioxidant Defense of Juvenile Ivory Shell (Babylonia areolata)
by Yunchao Sun, Xiangyu Du, Yi Yang, Aimin Wang, Zhifeng Gu and Chunsheng Liu
Animals 2023, 13(16), 2592; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13162592 - 11 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1025
Abstract
In this study, an eight-week feeding trial was performed to investigate the effects of different taurine supplementation levels (0.0% as control, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, and 3.0%) on the growth performance, lipid composition, and antioxidant ability in juvenile ivory shells Babylonia areolata. [...] Read more.
In this study, an eight-week feeding trial was performed to investigate the effects of different taurine supplementation levels (0.0% as control, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, and 3.0%) on the growth performance, lipid composition, and antioxidant ability in juvenile ivory shells Babylonia areolata. The results showed that taurine supplementation significantly improved the specific growth rates (SGRs) and survival rates of ivory shell (except the survival rate in the 3.0% taurine diet group) (p < 0.05). The SGRs showed an increasing and then decreasing tendency with increasing dietary taurine supplementation, and the highest value was observed in the 2.0% taurine diet (2.60%/d). The taurine content in the muscle of ivory shells fed taurine-supplemented diets significantly increased when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The profiles of C22:2n6 in the muscle of ivory shells fed taurine-supplemented diets were significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05), and the highest values were observed in the 2.0% taurine supplementation group. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) content in the hepatopancreas showed an increasing and then decreasing tendency with increasing dietary taurine supplementation, while the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration showed a decreasing tendency. Furthermore, the activities of pepsin and lipase in both the intestine and hepatopancreas significantly increased at moderate taurine supplementation levels compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Accordingly, obvious increases in the histological parameters in the intestine of ivory shells fed taurine-supplemented diets were also found. As for the antioxidant ability, the activities of the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed an increasing and then decreasing tendency with increasing dietary taurine supplementation, and the highest values were observed in the 1.0% and 1.0–2.0% taurine supplementation groups, respectively; the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents significantly decreased with increasing dietary taurine supplementation (p < 0.05). The taurine intake affected the expression of four appetite-related genes in the hepatopancreas, in which orexin and NPY showed an increasing and then decreasing tendency, while leptin and cholecyatoklnin decreased with increasing dietary taurine supplementation. In conclusion, moderate taurine supplementation in an artificial diet (about 1.5–2.0%) could improve the growth performance and antioxidant ability and change the lipid composition of juvenile ivory shells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Feeds and Antioxidant Status in Aquatic Animals: Current Research and Future Directions)
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20 pages, 958 KiB  
Article
Functional Additives in a Selected European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Genotype: Effects on the Stress Response and Gill Antioxidant Response to Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) Treatment
by Antonio Serradell, Daniel Montero, Genciana Terova, Simona Rimoldi, Alex Makol, Félix Acosta, Aline Bajek, Pierrick Haffray, François Allal and Silvia Torrecillas
Animals 2023, 13(14), 2265; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13142265 - 11 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1225
Abstract
Functional ingredients have profiled as suitable candidates for reinforcing the fish antioxidant response and stress tolerance. In addition, selective breeding strategies have also demonstrated a correlation between fish growth performance and susceptibility to stressful culture conditions as a key component in species domestication [...] Read more.
Functional ingredients have profiled as suitable candidates for reinforcing the fish antioxidant response and stress tolerance. In addition, selective breeding strategies have also demonstrated a correlation between fish growth performance and susceptibility to stressful culture conditions as a key component in species domestication processes. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the ability of a selected high-growth genotype of 300 days post-hatch European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles to use different functional additives as endogenous antioxidant capacity and stress resistance boosters when supplemented in low fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) diets. Three isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets (10% FM/6% FO) were supplemented with 200 ppm of a blend of garlic and Labiatae plant oils (PHYTO0.02), 1000 ppm of a mixture of citrus flavonoids and Asteraceae and Labiatae plant essential oils (PHYTO0.1) or 5000 ppm of galactomannan-oligosaccharides (GMOS0.5). A reference diet was void of supplementation. The fish were fed the experimental diets for 72 days and subjected to a H2O2 exposure oxidative stress challenge. The fish stress response was evaluated through measuring the circulating plasma cortisol levels and the fish gill antioxidant response by the relative gene expression analysis of nfΚβ2, il-1b, hif-1a, nd5, cyb, cox, sod, cat, gpx, tnf-1α and caspase 9. After the oxidative stress challenge, the genotype origin determined the capacity of the recovery of basal cortisol levels after an acute stress response, presenting GS fish with a better pattern of recovery. All functional diets induced a significant upregulation of cat gill gene expression levels compared to fish fed the control diet, regardless of the fish genotype. Altogether, suggesting an increased capacity of the growth selected European sea bass genotype to cope with the potential negative side-effects associated to an H2O2 bath exposure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Feeds and Antioxidant Status in Aquatic Animals: Current Research and Future Directions)
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33 pages, 7783 KiB  
Article
Dietary Olive Leaf Extract Differentially Modulates Antioxidant Defense of Normal and Aeromonas hydrophila-Infected Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) via Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway Signaling: A Phytochemical and Biological Link
by Doaa H. Assar, Amany E. Ragab, Essam Abdelsatar, Abdallah S. Salah, Shimaa M. R. Salem, Basma M. Hendam, Soad Al Jaouni, Rasha A. Al Wakeel, Marwa F. AbdEl-Kader and Zizy I. Elbialy
Animals 2023, 13(13), 2229; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132229 - 06 Jul 2023
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Abstract
Olive leaves are an immense source of antioxidant and antimicrobial bioactive constituents. This study investigated the effects of dietary incorporation of olive leaf extract (OLE) on the growth performance, hematobiochemical parameters, immune response, antioxidant defense, histopathological changes, and some growth- and immune-related genes [...] Read more.
Olive leaves are an immense source of antioxidant and antimicrobial bioactive constituents. This study investigated the effects of dietary incorporation of olive leaf extract (OLE) on the growth performance, hematobiochemical parameters, immune response, antioxidant defense, histopathological changes, and some growth- and immune-related genes in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A total of 180 fish were allocated into four groups with triplicate each. The control group received the basal diet without OLE, while the other three groups were fed a basal diet with the OLE at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%, respectively. The feeding study lasted for 8 weeks, then fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. The results revealed that the group supplied with the 0.1% OLE significantly exhibited a higher final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG%), and specific growth rate (SGR) with a decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). An increase in immune response was also observed in the fish from this group, with higher lysosome activity, immunoglobulin (IgM), and respiratory burst than nonsupplemented fish, both before and after the A. hydrophila challenge (p < 0.05). Similarly, the supplementation of the 0.1% OLE also promoted the C. carpio’s digestive capacity pre- and post-challenge, presenting the highest activity of protease and alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.05). In addition, this dose of the OLE enhanced fish antioxidant capacity through an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and decreased hepatic lipid peroxidation end products (malondialdehyde—MDA), when compared to the control group, both pre- and post-infection (p < 0.05). Concomitantly with the superior immune response and antioxidant capacity, the fish fed the 0.1% OLE revealed the highest survival rate after the challenge with A. hydrophila (p < 0.05). A significant remarkable upregulation of the hepatic sod, nrf2, and protein kinase C transcription levels was detected as a vital approach for the prevention of both oxidative stress and inflammation compared to the infected unsupplied control group (p < 0.05). Interestingly, HPLC and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analyses recognized that oleuropein is the main constituent (20.4%) with other 45 compounds in addition to tentative identification of two new compounds, namely oleuroside-10-carboxylic acid (I) and demethyl oleuroside-10-carboxylic acid (II). These constituents may be responsible for the OLE exerted potential effects. To conclude, the OLE at a dose range of 0.66–0.83 g/kg w/w can be included in the C. carpio diet to improve the growth, antioxidant capacity, and immune response under normal health conditions along with regulating the infection-associated pro-inflammatory gene expressions, thus enhancing resistance against A. hydrophila. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Feeds and Antioxidant Status in Aquatic Animals: Current Research and Future Directions)
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