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Agronomy
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Hormone Signaling Underlying Defense Responses and environmental Stresses in Crop...
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Hormone Signaling Underlying Defense Responses and environmental Stresses in Crop Plants

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Pest and Disease Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 16424

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Charles T. Hunter

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
Interests: plant defense; defense hormone signaling; carotenoids; plant metabolism; plant development
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue seeks to explore the hormone signals that modulate responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in crop plants. Plants respond to stresses with metabolic and physiological changes meant to ameliorate the stress or stymie attacking pathogens or pests, but which are typically accompanied by reduced growth and crop productivity. Responses to stresses are coordinated through the activity of plant hormones, particularly jasmonic acid, ethylene, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid, but also including auxin, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, gibberellic acids, and strigalactones, each of which has been implicated in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. These hormones and their signaling components form an intricate network of synergistic or antagonistic signals that determine which pathways are activated or repressed. While a great deal of the core biosynthetic and primary signaling pathways have been elucidated in model plant species, much of the signaling interactions and downstream components remain unknown, particularly in crop plants.
This Special Issue will publish research focused on understanding plant hormones that control stress response pathways, including research on hormone regulation and activity, interactions of plant hormones, and the roles of hormones in modulating the balance between stress responses and plant growth.

Dr. Charles T. Hunter
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • plant hormones
  • hormone signaling
  • environmental stress
  • abiotic stress
  • biotic stress
  • chemical defense response
  • jasmonic acid
  • ethylene
  • abscisic acid
  • salicylic acid
  • hormone interactions

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 2612 KiB  
Article
Gibberellins Target Shoot-Root Growth, Morpho-Physiological and Molecular Pathways to Induce Cadmium Tolerance in Vigna radiata L.
by Haroon Rashid Hakla, Shubham Sharma, Mohammad Urfan, Narendra Singh Yadav, Prakriti Rajput, Dinesh Kotwal, Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef and Sikander Pal
Agronomy 2021, 11(5), 896; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050896 - 02 May 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2845
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) inhibits plant growth, perturbs nutrient uptake, and affects chloroplast ultrastructure. The role of Cd stress in affecting growth and physiology and ameliorative effects of gibberellins (GAs) in Cd-induced toxicity in mung bean are lesser-known. This study comprehensively investigated Cd stress (CdCl [...] Read more.
Cadmium (Cd) inhibits plant growth, perturbs nutrient uptake, and affects chloroplast ultrastructure. The role of Cd stress in affecting growth and physiology and ameliorative effects of gibberellins (GAs) in Cd-induced toxicity in mung bean are lesser-known. This study comprehensively investigated Cd stress (CdCl2, IC50—500 µM L−1) with or without GA3 on mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Var. SML-668). In our methodology, a total of 80 mung bean plants (15 days old of uniform height) were divided into four groups, and each group (n = 20) was subjected to four different treatments (Control, CdCl2, GA3, CdCl2+GA3) twice during the entire life cycle of mung bean plants (until harvest 85–90 days). Results revealed negative impacts of Cd stress on shoot morphometry (plant height, leaf surface area, stem diameter, shoot fresh weight, number of leaves, number of pods, length, and diameter of pods), root morphometry (root length, root surface area, root dry weight, nodule number and nodule diameter), photosynthetic pigments, and agronomic traits. GA3 application ameliorated Cd stress by modulating shoot and root growth, improving overall plant metabolism, photosynthetic pigments, and shoot and root morphometry and transcript abundance of VrPCS1, VrIRT1, VrIRT2 and VrCD29. Thus, we propose GA3 application for the effective management of Cd-induced phytotoxicity in mung bean plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormone Signaling Underlying Defense Responses and environmental Stresses in Crop Plants)
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17 pages, 2858 KiB  
Article
Foliar Application of Auxin or Cytokinin Can Confer Salinity Stress Tolerance in Vicia faba L.
by Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef, Ayasha Akter and Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif
Agronomy 2021, 11(4), 790; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040790 - 16 Apr 2021
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 3851
Abstract
Soil salinity severely declines the availability of water and essential minerals to the plants, which hinders growth. The present study evaluates the potential roles of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 6-benzyladenine (BA) for mitigating the adverse effects of soil-salinity in faba bean (Vicia [...] Read more.
Soil salinity severely declines the availability of water and essential minerals to the plants, which hinders growth. The present study evaluates the potential roles of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 6-benzyladenine (BA) for mitigating the adverse effects of soil-salinity in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Plants were exposed to 150 mM NaCl stress and were sprayed with IAA (1.15 mM) or BA (0.9 mM). Our results revealed that foliar application of IAA or BA improved the growth traits of salinized faba bean due to the increased uptake of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ ions, accumulation of free amino acids, soluble sugars, and soluble proteins, and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase. The principal component analysis (PCA) and heatmap clustering indicated that salinity-exposed plants exhibited lower growth and biomass production, which correlated with higher accumulation of Na+ and malondialdehyde. Moreover, electrophoretic patterns of protein showed new bands in IAA- or BA-treated salt-stressed plants, indicating that IAA or BA treatment can reprogram the metabolic processes to confer salinity tolerance. We also found that IAA has a greater capacity to ameliorate the salt stress than BA, although there is no significant difference in yield between these treatments. Finally, these findings can be helpful for a better understanding of IAA- and BA-mediated salt tolerance mechanisms and increasing production of faba bean in saline soils. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormone Signaling Underlying Defense Responses and environmental Stresses in Crop Plants)
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16 pages, 3632 KiB  
Article
Exogenous Auxin-Mediated Salt Stress Alleviation in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)
by Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef, Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif and Mohammad Saidur Rhaman
Agronomy 2021, 11(3), 547; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030547 - 14 Mar 2021
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 3698
Abstract
Auxin not only controls the development processes, but also regulates the stress responses of plants. In this investigation, we explored the potential roles of exogenously applied indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in conferring salt tolerance in the faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Our results [...] Read more.
Auxin not only controls the development processes, but also regulates the stress responses of plants. In this investigation, we explored the potential roles of exogenously applied indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in conferring salt tolerance in the faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Our results showed that foliar application of IAA (200 ppm) to salt-exposed (60 mM and 150 mM NaCl) plants promoted growth, which was evidenced by enhanced root–stem traits. IAA application ensured better osmotic protection in salt-stressed plants which was supported by reduced proline and enhanced soluble sugar, soluble protein, and total free amino acid contents in the roots, stem, and seeds. IAA application also increased the number of nodules in salt-stressed plants, which may facilitate better nitrogen assimilation. Moreover, IAA mediated improvements in mineral homeostasis (K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) and the translocation of Na+, while it also inhibited excessive accumulation of Na+ in the roots. Salt-induced oxidative damage resulted in increased accumulation of malondialdehyde, whereas IAA spraying relegated malondialdehyde by improving antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase. Together, these results together with a principal component analysis uncovered that foliar spraying of IAA alleviated the antagonistic effects of salt stress via enhancing osmolyte accumulation, ionic homeostasis, and antioxidant activity. Finally, exogenous IAA enhanced the yield of broad beans under high salinity conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormone Signaling Underlying Defense Responses and environmental Stresses in Crop Plants)
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Review

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16 pages, 812 KiB  
Review
Jasmonic Acid in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Interaction with Abscisic Acid
by Huijin Kim, Subhin Seomun, Youngdae Yoon and Geupil Jang
Agronomy 2021, 11(9), 1886; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091886 - 20 Sep 2021
Cited by 50 | Viewed by 5196
Abstract
The phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA), a cyclopentane fatty acid, mediates plant responses to abiotic stresses. Abiotic stresses rapidly and dynamically affect JA metabolism and JA responses by upregulating the expression of genes involved in JA biosynthesis and signaling, indicating that JA has a [...] Read more.
The phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA), a cyclopentane fatty acid, mediates plant responses to abiotic stresses. Abiotic stresses rapidly and dynamically affect JA metabolism and JA responses by upregulating the expression of genes involved in JA biosynthesis and signaling, indicating that JA has a crucial role in plant abiotic stress responses. The crucial role of JA has been demonstrated in many previous studies showing that JA response regulates various plant defense systems, such as removal of reactive oxygen species and accumulation of osmoprotectants. Furthermore, increasing evidence shows that plant tolerance to abiotic stresses is linked to the JA response, suggesting that abiotic stress tolerance can be improved by modulating JA responses. In this review, we briefly describe the JA biosynthetic and signaling pathways and summarize recent studies showing an essential role of JA in plant responses and tolerance to a variety of abiotic stresses, such as drought, cold, salt, and heavy metal stress. Additionally, we discuss JA crosstalk with another key stress hormone, abscisic acid, in plant abiotic stress responses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormone Signaling Underlying Defense Responses and environmental Stresses in Crop Plants)
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