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Special Issue "Phytochemicals—Occurrence, Metabolism and Biological Importance-Series II"

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Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue entitled “Phytochemicals - Occurrence, Metabolism, and Biological Importance” will cover the following topics: (i) the localization of active compounds in exo- and endogenous secretory structures, (ii) biologically active substances in herbal raw materials, and (iii) the role of phytochemicals in the metabolic processes of the organism and their biological activity. The localization of secretory structures accumulating biocompounds is useful for the identification of herbal raw material. Some bioactive compounds isolated from plants give rise to natural or synthetic drugs. They have been given the name of natural pharmaceuticals. They often serve as a basic safe natural ingredient in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations. Single-component or composite preparations selected suitably to treat a specific health problem have a health-enhancing effect on humans and animals. They are used in the prophylaxis and phytotherapy of various diseases, such as neoplastic, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. Currently, in the presence of various threats linked to civilization, phytocompounds are investigated in many biochemical, clinical, and epidemiological studies. They are also increasingly being implemented in many clinical strategies as part of effective therapies.

Dr. Mirosława Chwil
Dr. Renata Matraszek-Gawron
Guest Editors

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Keywords

secretory structure
medicinal plants
biologically active compounds
metabolism
biological activity
prophylaxis
phytotherapy
cosmetic plants
spice plants
herbs

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Research

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14 pages, 3426 KiB

Open AccessArticle

OsCSN1 Regulates the Growth and Development of Rice Seedlings through the Degradation of SLR1 in the GA Signaling Pathway

and

Agronomy 2022, 12(12), 2946; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12122946 - 24 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 797

Abstract

The constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome (CSN) is involved in various regulations during plant development. The CSN is a highly conserved protein complex with nine subunits, and CSN1 acts in a network of signaling pathways critical for plant development. Although CSN1 has been widely studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, there have been few investigations on CSN1 in rice. In this paper, using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, CSN1 was edited from Oryza sativa subsp. japonica (rice). After screening out the OsCSN1 knockout mutant and OsCSN1 reduce mutant, the phenotype and protein expression were identified under different light conditions. Experiments showed that in OsCSN1 knockout mutant and OsCSN1 reduce mutant, the SLR1 protein was rapidly degraded at the rice seedling. In this study, the OsCSN1 acted as a negative regulator to affect seedling growth and development through CUL4-based E3 ligase, which is involved in the degradation of SLR1 in the GA signaling pathway. However, its direct target and mechanism of action are not clear. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytochemicals—Occurrence, Metabolism and Biological Importance-Series II)

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24 pages, 2808 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review on the Composition and Biosynthesis of Alkaloids and on the Taxonomy, Domestication, and Cultivation of Medicinal Fritillaria Species

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Agronomy 2022, 12(8), 1844; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081844 - 04 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1714

Abstract

Fritillaria is a perennial herb with medicinal properties. There are 158 Fritillaria species worldwide, 33 of which have reported therapeutic efficacy. Alkaloids are the principal constituents in Fritillaria. Fritillaria species growing at 2700–4000 m are the sources of extract namely Chuan Beimu (the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China, 2020 Edition), with low biomass, mainly containing more 5α-cevanine isosteroidal alkaloids with cis-configuration. In contrast, species growing below 1500 m are usually taller than 50 cm, and they mainly contain more trans-configuration isosteroidal alkaloids. There are two schemes of the biosynthetic pathways of steroidal alkaloids with different frameworks and catalytic reactions and combined high-throughput omics data. Based on the distributed elevations, Fritillaria species were divided into three major categories, which met classification features based on phylogenetic analysis or morphological features. Artificial or in vitro cultivations are effective strategies for balancing economical requirements and ecological protection. Fritillaria species growing at lower altitudes can be cultivated by bulb reproduction, but species growing at higher altitudes still rely mainly on gathering a large number of wild resources. Integration of asexual tissue culture and bulb reproduction with sexual artificial or imitated wild cultivation may create a very promising and effective way to maintain sustainable industrial development of Fritillaria. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytochemicals—Occurrence, Metabolism and Biological Importance-Series II)

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Special Issue "Phytochemicals—Occurrence, Metabolism and Biological Importance-Series II"

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