Fungal Metabolites

A special issue of Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2016) | Viewed by 10806

Special Issue Editors

Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
Interests: secondary metabolites in plant-pathogen interaction; natural substances with biological activity; chromatographic techniques; spectroscopic methods
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Guest Editor
1. Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Olive, Citrus and Fruit Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy
2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
Interests: endophytes; plant pathogens; entomopathogens; biocontrol; bioactive fungal products; marine fungi
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With an estimated number of about 1.5 milion species, fungi are among the most widespread organisms on Earth. They are known to be able to adapt to almost all ecological niches in any environment, where they play many different roles as saprophytes, pathogens, predators, parasites, hosts, and/or symbionts.

Such an adaptability is reflected by their capacity to produce a wide array of secondary metabolites. Mycotoxins, phytotoxins, plant growth regulators, antibiotics, insecticides, enzyme inhibitors, etc., are not essential for the survival of the producing organism, but exert a fundamental role for its development. Thus far, the ecological significance and the biological effects of the majority of such compounds have not been adequately elucidated. Moreover, gradual global warming is modifying the geographical distribution of many species, with possible, ensuing, and significant modifications in their metabolic profiles.

The great interest of the scientific community in these compounds derives from the opportunity to identify products to be used in human medicine, in agriculture, and in industry, such as drugs, pesticides, and raw materials. The very large progress made in the field of mycology, genetics, and organic and analytical chemistry have enabled researchers to use more sophisticated techniques for culturing fungi, for their taxonomic identification, for biological assays, for the isolation, structural and stereo-structural characterization of novel bioactive metabolites, and for their rapid detection in vitro and in vivo. Further implications are often derived in view of resorting to synthetic methods for mass production of the active target molecules.

This Special Issue is destined to gather reviews and original experimental papers on all the above-reported aspects, in the expectation that it may serve as a boost for a further development of knowledge in this fascinating and continuously evolving research field.

Dr. Anna Andolfi
Dr. Rosario Nicoletti
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • fungal secondary metabolites
  • bioactive compounds
  • structure elucidation
  • bioassays
  • chemotaxonomy

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review
Fungal Metabolites for the Control of Biofilm Infections
by Andréia Bergamo Estrela and Wolf-Rainer Abraham
Agriculture 2016, 6(3), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture6030037 - 12 Aug 2016
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 9935
Abstract
Many microbes attach to surfaces and produce a complex matrix of polymers surrounding their cells, forming a biofilm. In biofilms, microbes are much better protected against hostile environments, impairing the action of most antibiotics. A pressing demand exists for novel therapeutic strategies against [...] Read more.
Many microbes attach to surfaces and produce a complex matrix of polymers surrounding their cells, forming a biofilm. In biofilms, microbes are much better protected against hostile environments, impairing the action of most antibiotics. A pressing demand exists for novel therapeutic strategies against biofilm infections, which are a grave health wise on mucosal surfaces and medical devices. From fungi, a large number of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity have been characterized. This review discusses natural compounds from fungi which are effective against fungal and bacterial biofilms. Some molecules are able to block the cell communication process essential for biofilm formation (known as quorum sensing), others can penetrate and kill cells within the structure. Several targets have been identified, ranging from the inhibition of quorum sensing receptors and virulence factors, to cell wall synthesizing enzymes. Only one group of these fungal metabolites has been optimized and made it to the market, but more preclinical studies are ongoing to expand the biofilm-fighting arsenal. The broad diversity of bioactive compounds from fungi, their activities against various pathogens, and the multi-target trait of some molecules are promising aspects of fungal secondary metabolites. Future screenings for biofilm-controlling compounds will contribute to several novel clinical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fungal Metabolites)
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