A Personalized Medicine Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder

© 2022 by the authors; CC BY-NC-ND license

fecal metabolites; ASD; microbiome; gastrointestinal symptoms; Fisher Discriminant Analysis; digital biomarkers; wearables; time series analysis; autism; social dyads; socio-motor parameters; network connectivity; non-linear complex dynamics; stochastic analysis; autism spectrum disorders; copy number variants; females; Array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (Array-CGH); autism spectrum disorder; Ehlers-Danlos syndrome; hypermobility spectrum disorders; autonomic disorder; mast cell activation syndrome; autism spectrum disorder; genetic testing; chromosomal microarray analysis; whole exome sequencing; whole genome sequencing; clinical utility; polygenic risk scores; Temple Grandin; autism spectrum disorder; biomarker; omics; precision medicine; proteomics; transcriptomics; epigenetics; metabolomics; patient stratification; autism spectrum disorder; mitochondria; oxidative stress; prenatal environment; immune dysfunction; autism spectrum disorder; immunoglobulin G; intravenous immunoglobulin; autism spectrum disorder; energy metabolism; fatty acid oxidation; acyl-carnitines; resveratrol; integrative; model; ASD; concomitant; condition; disorder; autism spectrum disorder (ASD); genomics; personalized treatment strategy; single nucleotide polymorphisms; clinical decision support tool; ADHD; PANDAS; OCD; anxiety; autism spectrum disorders; folate receptor alpha; folates; pregnancy; brain development; fetal development; autism spectrum disorder; cobalamin; glutathione; methylation; methylcobalamin; redox metabolism; autism spectrum disorder; locked-in network syndrome; resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging; temporal lobe epilepsy; amygdala; autism spectrum disorder; brain; COVID-19; children; cytokines; flavonoids; inflammation; luteolin; mast cells; microglia; SARS-CoV-2; stress; autism; autism spectrum disorder; nutraceuticals; survey; vitamins; minerals; B12; folinic acid; autism spectrum disorder; quality of life; parents; intervention; systematic review; autism spectrum disorder; medical claims; logistic regression analysis; retrospective analysis; associated risk; monoamine neurotransmitters; neurotransmitter deficiency; resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging; autism spectrum disorder; cerebral folate deficiency; folate receptor alpha autoantibodies; folinic acid; leucovorin; α-amylase; autism spectrum disorder; anxiety; cortisol; heart rate variability; neuromodulation; sleep anxiety; transdermal electrical neuromodulation; neurostimulation; n/a