The Retina in Health and Disease

doi:10.3390/books978-3-0365-2652-2

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The Retina in Health and Disease

Edited by

December 2021

498 pages

ISBN978-3-0365-2653-9 (Hardback)
ISBN978-3-0365-2652-2 (PDF)

https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-0365-2652-2

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This book is a reprint of the Special Issue The Retina in Health and Disease that was published in

Biology & Life Sciences

Medicine & Pharmacology

Summary

Vision is the most important sense in higher mammals. The retina is the first step in visual processing and the window to the brain. It is not surprising that problems arising in the retina lead to moderate to severe visual impairments. We offer here a collection of reviews as well as original papers dealing with various aspects of retinal function as well as dysfunction. New approaches in retinal research are described, such as the expression and localization of the endocannabinoid system in the normal retina and the role of cannabinoid receptors that could offer new avenues of research in the development of potential treatments for retinal diseases. Moreover, new insights are offered in advancing knowledge towards the prevention and cure of visual pathologies, mainly AMD, RP, and diabetic retinopathy.

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Keywords

eye; retina; development; vascularization; hypoxia; autophagy; programmed cell death; cellular senescence; retinogenesis; altricial bird species; precocial bird species; senescence-associated galactosidase activity; diabetes mellitus; retinopathy; microvascular; complication; optical coherence tomography; angiography; black; African-American; systemic disease; biomarker; retinal degenerative diseases; mesenchymal stem cells; stem cell therapy; experimental models; clinical trials; AMD; age-related macular degeneration; trichostatin A (TSA); HDAC; histone deacetylase; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); retinal degeneration; endoplasmic reticulum; stress response; unfolded protein response; GRP78; retinal glial cell; diabetic retinopathy; zebrafish; neurovascular unit; microvascular complications and dysfunction; metabolism; motor protein; myosin 1C; photoreceptor; rhodopsin; retina; outer segments; visual function; macroglia; astrocytes; Müller cells; optic nerve crush; retinal ganglion cells; spinal cord injury; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; epidermal growth factor; Drp1; apoptosis; mitochondria; diabetic retinopathy; retina; microglia; neurodegeneration; multiple sclerosis; retinal microglia; microglia morphotype; light damage; neurodegeneration; functional analysis; early detection; remodeling; lactate; GPR81; HCAR1; retinal ganglion cells; growth cone; dLGN; retina; axon; 3,5-DHBA; kallikrein-kinin system; kinin receptors; diabetic retinopathy; age-related macular degeneration; GFAP; osteopontin; Müller cells; microglia; retinal detachment; diabetes; retinopathy; antioxidants; bioenergetics; respiration; ATP; glucagon-like peptide-1; exendin-4; catalase; immunohistochemistry; electron microscopy; Charles Bonnet syndrome; EEG; visual hallucination; resting state; age-related macular degeneration; high-fat diet; gut microbiome; gut-retina axis; RNA sequencing; germ-free mice; complement cascade; angiogenesis; retinal inflammation; AII amacrine cell; Prox1; parvalbumin; gap junction; eccentricity; ON/OFF asymmetry; arterioles; betulinic acid; ischemia-reperfusion injury; reactive oxygen species; retina; retinopathy; retinal vessels; retinal fluorescence imaging; amyloid; cognitive decline; Alzheimer’s disease; optic neuritis; multiple sclerosis; oxidative stress; neuroprotection; fingolimod; iPSC-RPE; retinal pigment epithelium; immunodeficient RCS rat; ultrathin parylene; retinal degeneration; retinal transplantation; CD4+CD25+; retinopathy; inflammation; iPSC; mitochondria; retina; typical cannabinoid receptors; atypical cannabinoid receptors; immunohistochemistry; electroretinography; monkeys; visual system; eye inflammation; lipopolysaccharide; natural bioactive extracts; Ac2-26; FPR receptor; inflammatory mediators; retinal light injury; LED screen; optical filter; retinal protection; retinal degeneration; regeneration; progenitor cell; diabetes; hyperglycemia; photoreceptors; neurod; Notch; zebrafish; n/a