Seasonal Mass, Performance under Grazing, and Animal Preference for Irrigated Winter Cereal Forages under Continuous Stocking in a Semiarid, Subtropical Region
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | June | July | Aug. | Sep. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | Annual |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean temperature, °C | |||||||||||||
1 | 23.3 | 26.7 | 26.1 | 21.1 | 15.6 | 12.2 | 5.0 | 6.7 | 9.4 | 10.6 | 16.1 | 22.2 | 18.5 |
2 | 24.4 | 27.8 | 28.3 | 23.9 | 15.0 | 5.0 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 6.7 | 8.3 | 17.2 | 18.9 | 15.0 |
Long-term mean | 20.9 | 23.7 | 22.5 | 18.4 | 11.3 | 3.1 | −3.7 | −2.7 | −0.08 | 4.7 | 9.0 | 15.5 | 14.5 |
Total precipitation, mm | |||||||||||||
1 | 44 | 14 | 59 | 50 | 17 | 1 | 21 | 3 | 0 | 45 | 19 | 22 | 295 |
2 | 30 | 57 | 7 | 2 | 97 | 11 | 21 | 17 | 24 | 67 | 3 | 72 | 408 |
Long-term mean | 47 | 66 | 68 | 39 | 34 | 17 | 16 | 10 | 13 | 19 | 27 | 48 | 399 |
Effect | Ungrazed Forage | Grazed Forage | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cumulative | 28-d New Growth 1 | Available | 28-d Regrowth 2 | |||||
Date | ||||||||
14 November | 1.89 | D 3 | ----- | 1.98 | ABC | ----- | ||
15 December | 3.10 | C | 1.23 | B | 2.23 | A | 0.75 | B |
10 January | 3.42 | C | 0.34 | C | 2.21 | A | −0.08 | CD |
7 February | 3.40 | C | 0.00 | C | 1.71 | C | −0.47 | D |
7 March | 4.62 | B | 1.24 | B | 1.86 | BC | 0.23 | C |
4 April | 7.33 | A | 2.73 | A | 2.06 | AB | 2.03 | A |
SED 4 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.15 | 0.22 | ||||
Cereal | ||||||||
Oat | 4.44 | B | 1.05 | B | 1.26 | C | 0.30 | |
Rye | 5.03 | A | 1.58 | A | 2.57 | A | 0.68 | |
Triticale | 2.79 | D | 0.85 | B | 1.74 | B | 0.46 | |
Wheat | 3.58 | C | 0.96 | B | 2.46 | A | 0.52 | |
SED | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.13 | 0.19 | ||||
p-values | ||||||||
Year (Y) | 0.2915 | 0.8745 | 0.3070 | 0.2315 | ||||
Date (D) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0101 | <0.0001 | ||||
Y × D | 0.0089 | 0.0020 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
Cereal (C) | <0.0001 | 0.0331 | <0.0001 | 0.2880 | ||||
Y × C | 0.0111 | 0.6377 | <0.0001 | 0.2969 | ||||
D × C | 0.0022 | 0.1046 | 0.0014 | 0.1614 | ||||
Y × D × C | 0.5989 | 0.5913 | 0.0020 | 0.3248 |
Year 1 | Year 2 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Week | Oat | Rye | Triticale | Wheat | Oat | Rye | Triticale | Wheat |
21 November | 65 | 4 | 0 | 8 | 13 | 7 | 6 | 61 |
1 December | 68 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 20 | 5 | 26 | 25 |
8 December | 46 | 8 | 16 | 9 | 10 | 17 | 25 | 22 |
15 December | 58 | 4 | 13 | 15 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 21 |
22 December | 29 | 22 | 9 | 27 | 30 | 0 | 22 | 19 |
5 January | 43 | 16 | 7 | 22 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 50 |
12 January | 35 | 29 | 6 | 12 | 9 | 36 | 0 | 21 |
19 January | 60 | 14 | 4 | 13 | 17 | 5 | 29 | 17 |
26 January | 46 | 11 | 12 | 7 | 9 | 26 | 10 | 13 |
2 February | 24 | 16 | 13 | 14 | 10 | 4 | 23 | 15 |
7 February | 29 | 41 | 7 | 11 | 5 | 10 | 25 | 35 |
16 February | 38 | 26 | 3 | 11 | 1 | 11 | 33 | 19 |
23 February | 14 | 51 | 11 | 5 | 33 | 8 | 6 | 21 |
2 March | 10 | 60 | 7 | 6 | 14 | 18 | 3 | 23 |
9 March | 14 | 53 | 15 | 5 | 6 | 16 | 13 | 34 |
16 March | 12 | 28 | 14 | 21 | 30 | 7 | 11 | 13 |
30 March | 31 | 14 | 15 | 10 | 16 | 15 | 17 | 16 |
3 April | 42 | 20 | 20 | 4 | 11 | 21 | 0 | 52 |
Annual average | 39A | 23B | 10C | 11C | 19B | 19B | 19B | 34A |
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Lauriault, L.M.; Marsalis, M.A.; Cox, S.H.; Duff, G.C. Seasonal Mass, Performance under Grazing, and Animal Preference for Irrigated Winter Cereal Forages under Continuous Stocking in a Semiarid, Subtropical Region. Grasses 2022, 1, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/grasses1010001
Lauriault LM, Marsalis MA, Cox SH, Duff GC. Seasonal Mass, Performance under Grazing, and Animal Preference for Irrigated Winter Cereal Forages under Continuous Stocking in a Semiarid, Subtropical Region. Grasses. 2022; 1(1):1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/grasses1010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleLauriault, Leonard M., Mark A. Marsalis, Shad H. Cox, and Glenn C. Duff. 2022. "Seasonal Mass, Performance under Grazing, and Animal Preference for Irrigated Winter Cereal Forages under Continuous Stocking in a Semiarid, Subtropical Region" Grasses 1, no. 1: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/grasses1010001