Organoids

3 pages, 204 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Organoids Are Us

by Elizabeth Vincan

Organoids 2023, 2(2), 120-122; https://doi.org/10.3390/organoids2020009 - 16 Jun 2023

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“Organoids Are Us” is an annual one-day symposium organised to highlight the advances in science and medicine that are the direct result of organoid technology [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Organoid Technology—Selected Papers from "Organoids Are Us 2022")

18 pages, 4192 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Microwell Device for the Efficient Generation of Arrays of Microtissues and Humanized Bone Marrow Micro-Ossicles

by Kathryn Futrega, Md. Shafiullah Shajib, Pamela G. Robey and Michael R. Doran

Organoids 2023, 2(2), 102-119; https://doi.org/10.3390/organoids2020008 - 01 Jun 2023

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Abstract

(1) Background: There are no high-throughput microtissue platforms for generating bone marrow micro-ossicles. Herein, we describe a method for the assembly of arrays of microtissues from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) in vitro and their maturation into bone marrow micro-ossicles in vivo. (2) Methods: Discs with arrays of 50 microwells were used to assemble microtissues from 3 × 10⁵ BMSCs each on a nylon mesh carrier. Microtissues were cultured in chondrogenic induction medium followed by hypertrophic medium in an attempt to drive endochondral ossification, and then they were implanted in NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice, where they were remodeled into bone marrow micro-ossicles. Mice were transplanted with 10⁵ human umbilical cord blood CD34⁺ cells. (3) Results: Micro-ossicles contained more human CD45⁺ cells, but fewer human CD34⁺ progenitor cells than mouse marrow. Human hematopoietic progenitor cells cycle rapidly at non-physiological rates in mouse marrow, and reduced CD34⁺ cell content in micro-ossicles is consistent with the notion that the humanized niche better controls progenitor cell cycling. (4) Conclusions: Assembling microtissues in microwells, linked by a nylon membrane carrier, provides an elegant method to manufacture and handle arrays of microtissues with bone organ-like properties. More generally, this approach and platform could aid bridging the gap between in vitro microtissue manipulation and in vivo microtissue implantation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organoids and Advanced 3D Models in Biomedical Research)

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20 pages, 3208 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Development of Matrix-Embedded Bovine Tracheal Organoids to Study the Innate Immune Response against Bovine Respiratory Disease

by Pin Shie Quah, Bang M. Tran, Vincent D.A. Corbin, Jessie J.-Y. Chang, Chinn Yi Wong, Andrés Diaz-Méndez, Carol A. Hartley, Weiguang Zeng, Eric Hanssen, Zlatan Trifunovic, Patrick C. Reading, David C. Jackson, Elizabeth Vincan, Lachlan J.M. Coin and Georgia Deliyannis

Organoids 2023, 2(2), 82-101; https://doi.org/10.3390/organoids2020007 - 11 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2338

Abstract

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in feedlot cattle. Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) is one of the main culprits of BRD; however, research on BHV-1 is hampered by the lack of suitable models for infection and drug testing. In this study, we established a novel bovine tracheal organoid culture grown in a basement membrane extract type 2 (BME2) matrix and compared it with the air–liquid interface (ALI) culture system. After differentiation, the matrix-embedded organoids developed beating cilia and demonstrated a transcriptomic profile similar to the ALI culture system. The matrix-embedded organoids were also highly susceptible to BHV-1 infection and immune stimulation by Pam₂Cys, an immunomodulator, which resulted in robust cytokine production and tracheal antimicrobial peptide mRNA upregulation. However, treatment of bovine tracheal organoid cultures with Pam₂Cys was not sufficient to inhibit viral infection or replication, suggesting a role of the non-epithelial cellular microenvironment in vivo. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Organoid Technology—Selected Papers from "Organoids Are Us 2022")

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