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Phys. Sci. Forum, 2023, NuFACT 2022

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8 pages, 501 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Potential Constraints to Neutrino–Nucleus Interactions Based on Electron Scattering Data
by Vishvas Pandey
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008001 - 06 Jun 2023
Viewed by 619
Abstract
A thorough understanding of neutrino–nucleus interaction physics is crucial to achieving precision goals in broader neutrino physics programs. The complexity of the nuclei comprising the detectors and the limited understanding of their weak response constitute two of the biggest systematic uncertainties in neutrino [...] Read more.
A thorough understanding of neutrino–nucleus interaction physics is crucial to achieving precision goals in broader neutrino physics programs. The complexity of the nuclei comprising the detectors and the limited understanding of their weak response constitute two of the biggest systematic uncertainties in neutrino experiments—both at intermediate energies affecting short- and long-baseline neutrino programs and at lower energies affecting coherent scattering neutrino programs. While electron and neutrino interactions are different at the primary vertex, many underlying relevant physical processes in the nucleus are the same in both cases, and electron scattering data collected with precisely controlled kinematics, large statistics, and high precision allow one to constrain nuclear properties and specific interaction processes. To this end, electron–nucleus scattering experiments provide vital complementary information to test, assess, and validate different nuclear models and event generators intended to be used in neutrino experiments. In fact, for many decades, the study of electron scattering off a nucleus has been used as a tool to probe the properties of that nucleus and its electromagnetic response. While previously existing electron scattering data provide important information, new and proposed measurements are tied closely to what is required for the neutrino program in terms of expanding kinematic reach, the addition of relevant nuclei, and information on the final-state hadronic system. Full article
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6 pages, 1117 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Oscillation Physics Potential of JUNO
by Jinnan Zhang
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008002 - 19 Jun 2023
Viewed by 453
Abstract
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory is a 20 kton multipurpose liquid scintillator detector located at a 700 m underground laboratory in South China (Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province). The exceptional energy resolution and the massive volume of the JUNO detector offer great opportunities for [...] Read more.
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory is a 20 kton multipurpose liquid scintillator detector located at a 700 m underground laboratory in South China (Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province). The exceptional energy resolution and the massive volume of the JUNO detector offer great opportunities for addressing many essential topics in neutrino and astroparticle physics. JUNO’s primary goals are to determine the neutrino mass ordering and precisely measure the related neutrino oscillation parameters. With reactor neutrino data, JUNO can determine the neutrino mass ordering with significent precision and measure the neutrino oscillation parameters sin2θ12, Δm212, and Δm312/Δm322 to the sub-percent precision level. In addition, the atmospheric and solar neutrino measurements at JUNO can also provide important information for oscillation physics. This paper focuses on the oscillation physics potential of JUNO, including the sensitivity analysis and results based on the recent understanding of the detector. Full article
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9 pages, 1211 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
The Future of Experimental Muon Physics
by Kevin Lynch
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008003 - 27 Jun 2023
Viewed by 546
Abstract
In this talk, I discuss a possible future for the global muon physics program. I focus on the future of flavor studies, precision measurements and searches that can be pursued with a new class of muonium beam sources, and emerging practical applications of [...] Read more.
In this talk, I discuss a possible future for the global muon physics program. I focus on the future of flavor studies, precision measurements and searches that can be pursued with a new class of muonium beam sources, and emerging practical applications of muons in the industrial, academic, and government sectors. Full article
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7 pages, 10118 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Searching for Muon to Electron Conversion with the COMET Experiment
by Sam Dekkers
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008004 - 27 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 613
Abstract
Charged lepton flavour violation processes provide a well-motivated experimental probe into new physics beyond the Standard Model. Muon to electron conversion is one example that the COMET experiment aims to measure with increased sensitivity over previous searches. Taking a staged approach, the COMET [...] Read more.
Charged lepton flavour violation processes provide a well-motivated experimental probe into new physics beyond the Standard Model. Muon to electron conversion is one example that the COMET experiment aims to measure with increased sensitivity over previous searches. Taking a staged approach, the COMET experiment will measure muon to electron conversion with sensitivities of O(1015) and O(1017) in Phase-I and Phase-II, respectively. An important initial low-intensity beam run, Phase-α, is also planned to begin in 2023 with Phase-I following in 2024. This article summarises the COMET experiment and the recent progress made towards the beginning of physics runs. Full article
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7 pages, 410 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Electron–Nucleus Scattering in the NEUT Event Generator
by Stephen Dolan, Jordan McElwee, Sara Bolognesi, Yoshinari Hayato, Kevin McFarland, Guillermo Megias, Kajetan Niewczas, Luke Pickering, Jan Sobczyk, Lee Thompson and Clarence Wret
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008005 - 28 Jun 2023
Viewed by 313
Abstract
The NEUT event generator is a widely used tool to simulate neutrino interactions for energies between 10 s of MeV and a few TeV. NEUT plays a crucial role in neutrino oscillation analyses for the T2K and Hyper-K experiments, providing the primary simulation [...] Read more.
The NEUT event generator is a widely used tool to simulate neutrino interactions for energies between 10 s of MeV and a few TeV. NEUT plays a crucial role in neutrino oscillation analyses for the T2K and Hyper-K experiments, providing the primary simulation of neutrino interactions, whose final-state products are measured to infer the oscillation parameters. NEUT is also capable of simulating nucleon decay and hadron scattering. These proceedings present an expansion of NEUT to simulate electron scattering before showing comparisons to experimental measurements and using discrepancies to derive an empirical correction to NEUT’s treatment of nuclear removal energy. Full article
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6 pages, 2474 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Status of the MEG II Experiment and Performance Results from the First Year’s Data Taking
by Dylan Palo
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008006 - 29 Jun 2023
Viewed by 515
Abstract
We report on the MEG II experiment, a search for the charged lepton flavor violating (CLFV) decay μ+e+γ. The experiment is designed to improve upon the most sensitive search for the decay, i.e., the MEG experiment, by [...] Read more.
We report on the MEG II experiment, a search for the charged lepton flavor violating (CLFV) decay μ+e+γ. The experiment is designed to improve upon the most sensitive search for the decay, i.e., the MEG experiment, by an order of magnitude. The MEG II experiment aims to reach a final sensitivity of 6×1014 at the 90% confidence level. The experiment completed its first year of data collection in 2021. This proceedings discusses preliminary positron and photon data-driven kinematic resolution measurements and compares them to those of the MEG experiment and the MEG II design expectation. Preliminary estimates of the first year and final experiment sensitivity are presented. Full article
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6 pages, 17392 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Neutrino Mass Ordering with IceCube DeepCore
by Maria Prado Rodriguez
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008007 - 30 Jun 2023
Viewed by 598
Abstract
The neutrino mass ordering (NMO) is one of the last undetermined properties in the three-neutrino paradigm. NMO studies aim to answer the question of whether the neutrino mass ordering is normal (m3>m2>m1) or inverted [...] Read more.
The neutrino mass ordering (NMO) is one of the last undetermined properties in the three-neutrino paradigm. NMO studies aim to answer the question of whether the neutrino mass ordering is normal (m3>m2>m1) or inverted (m2>m1>m3). We conduct a study of the NMO sensitivity with atmospheric neutrinos using 9.3 years of IceCube DeepCore data, where a new event selection, reconstruction method, particle identification, and systematic uncertainty modeling are used. The goals of this analysis consist of: (1) probing the NMO at neutrino baselines that are not accessible to long-baseline accelerator experiments, (2) contributing to NMO global fit studies in an important and unique way, (3) serving as a detailed study on the NMO in preparation for the upcoming IceCube Upgrade, which should significantly improve the DeepCore NMO sensitivity. Full article
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5 pages, 4821 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
The ENUBET Monitored Neutrino Beam for High Precision Cross-Section Measurements
by C.C. Delogu, F. Acerbi, I. Angelis, L. Bomben, M. Bonesini, F. Bramati, A. Branca, C. Brizzolari, G. Brunetti, M. Calviani, S. Capelli, S. Carturan, M.G. Catanesi, S. Cecchini, N. Charitonidis, F. Cindolo, G. Cogo, G. Collazuol, F. Dal Corso, G. De Rosa, A. Falcone, B. Goddard, A. Gola, L. Halić, F. Iacob, C. Jollet, V. Kain, A. Kallitsopoulou, B. Klicek, Y. Kudenko, Ch. Lampoudis, M. Laveder, P. Legou, A. Longhin, L. Ludovici, E. Lutsenko, L. Magaletti, G. Mandrioli, S. Marangoni, A. Margotti, V. Mascagna, N. Mauri, L. Meazza, A. Meregaglia, M. Mezzetto, M. Nessi, A. Paoloni, M. Pari, T. Papaevangelou, E.G. Parozzi, L. Pasqualini, G. Paternoster, L. Patrizii, M. Pozzato, M. Prest, F. Pupilli, E. Radicioni, A.C. Ruggeri, D. Sampsonidis, C. Scian, G. Sirri, M. Stipcevic, M. Tenti, F. Terranova, M. Torti, S.E. Tzamarias, E. Vallazza, F. Velotti and L. Votanoadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008008 - 30 Jun 2023
Viewed by 468
Abstract
The main source of systematic uncertainty on neutrino cross-section measurements at the GeV scale originates from the poor knowledge of the initial flux. The goal of reducing this uncertainty to 1% can be achieved through the monitoring of charged leptons produced in association [...] Read more.
The main source of systematic uncertainty on neutrino cross-section measurements at the GeV scale originates from the poor knowledge of the initial flux. The goal of reducing this uncertainty to 1% can be achieved through the monitoring of charged leptons produced in association with neutrinos, by properly instrumenting the decay region of a conventional narrow-band neutrino beam. Large-angle muons and positrons from kaons are measured by a sampling calorimeter on the decay tunnel walls, while muon stations after the hadron dump can be used to monitor the neutrino component from pion decays. Furthermore, the narrow momentum width (<10%) of the beam provides a O (10%) measurement of the neutrino energy on an event-by-event basis, thanks to its correlation with the radial position of the interaction at the neutrino detector. The ENUBET project has been funded by the ERC in 2016 to prove the feasibility of such a monitored neutrino beam and, since 2019, ENUBET is also a CERN neutrino platform experiment (NP06/ENUBET). The breakthrough the project achieved is the design of a horn-less neutrino beamline that would allow for a 1% measurement of νe and νμ cross-sections in about 3 years of data taking at CERN-SPS, using ProtoDUNE as far detector. Full article
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5 pages, 386 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Can Deviation from Maximal θ23 Be Resolved in DUNE?
by Masoom Singh, Ritam Kundu, Sanjib Kumar Agarwalla and Suprabh Prakash
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008009 - 06 Jul 2023
Viewed by 318
Abstract
Current global analyses of 3ν oscillation data point towards non-maximal θ23, but the maximal value of θ23=45 is still allowed at 3σ confidence level. It is expected that DUNE will establish the non-maximal value of [...] Read more.
Current global analyses of 3ν oscillation data point towards non-maximal θ23, but the maximal value of θ23=45 is still allowed at 3σ confidence level. It is expected that DUNE will establish the non-maximal value of θ23 at high confidence level if θ2345 in nature. In this work, we present, in detail, the sensitivity of DUNE to establish the deviation from maximal θ23. We find that a 3σ (5σ) determination of non-maximal θ23 is possible in DUNE with an exposure of 336 kt·MW·years, if the true value of sin2θ230.465(0.450) or sin2θ230.554(0.572) for any value of true δCP and true choice of normal mass ordering. We also discuss the extent of individual contributions from appearance and disappearance channels and the impacts of systematic uncertainties and total exposure, while addressing the discovery of non-maximal of θ23 in DUNE. Full article
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6 pages, 292 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
From Inclusive to Semi-Inclusive One-Nucleon Knockout in Neutrino Event Generators
by Alexis Nikolakopoulos, Steven Gardiner, Afroditi Papadopoulou, Stephen Dolan and Raúl González-Jiménez
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008010 - 13 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 332
Abstract
In neutrino event generators, for models for neutrino and electron scattering, only inclusive cross sections are implemented. When these models are used to describe a semi-inclusive cross section, the event generator attaches the hadron variables based on some assumptions. In this work, we [...] Read more.
In neutrino event generators, for models for neutrino and electron scattering, only inclusive cross sections are implemented. When these models are used to describe a semi-inclusive cross section, the event generator attaches the hadron variables based on some assumptions. In this work, we compared the nucleon kinematics given by the method used in the GENIE event generator, e.g., in the implementation of the SuSAv2 model, to a fully unfactorized calculation using the relativistic distorted wave impulse approximation (RDWIA). We focused on kinematics relevant to the e4ν analysis and showed that observables obtained with RDWIA differ significantly from those of the approximate method used in GENIE; the latter should be considered unrealistic. Full article
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5 pages, 834 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Energy Reconstruction and Calibration of the MicroBooNE LArTPC
by Wanwei Wu
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008011 - 14 Jul 2023
Viewed by 349
Abstract
The Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) is increasingly becoming the chosen technology for current and future precision neutrino oscillation experiments due to its superior capability in particle tracking and energy calorimetry. In LArTPCs, calorimetric information is critical for particle identification, which is [...] Read more.
The Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) is increasingly becoming the chosen technology for current and future precision neutrino oscillation experiments due to its superior capability in particle tracking and energy calorimetry. In LArTPCs, calorimetric information is critical for particle identification, which is the foundation for neutrino cross-sections and oscillation measurements, as well as searches for beyond-standard-model physics. One of the primary challenges in employing LArTPC technology is characterizing its performance and quantifying the associated systematic uncertainties. MicroBooNE, the longest-operating LArTPC to date, has performed numerous such measurements, including studies of detector physics and electromagnetic shower reconstruction. Here, we present results on the operation and performance of the detector during its data taking, highlighting accomplishments toward calorimetric reconstruction, calibration, and detector physics. Full article
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7 pages, 1112 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Transverse Enhancement, Longitudinal Quenching and Coulomb Sum Rule in e-12C and e-16O Quasielastic Scattering
by Arie Bodek and Michael Eric Christy
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008012 - 18 Jul 2023
Viewed by 309
Abstract
We present a short summary of a phenomenological analysis of all available electron scattering data on 12C (about 6600 differential cross-section measurements) and on 16O (about 250 measurements) within the framework of the quasielastic (QE) superscaling model (including Pauli blocking). All [...] Read more.
We present a short summary of a phenomenological analysis of all available electron scattering data on 12C (about 6600 differential cross-section measurements) and on 16O (about 250 measurements) within the framework of the quasielastic (QE) superscaling model (including Pauli blocking). All QE and inelastic cross-section measurements are included down to the lowest momentum transfer 3-vector q (including photo-production data). We find that there is enhancement of the transverse QE response function (RTQE) and quenching of the QE longitudinal response function (RLQE) at low q (in addition to Pauli blocking). We extract parameterizations of a multiplicative low q “longitudinal quenching factor” and an additive “transverse enhancement” contribution. The fit can be used as a proxy to validate the modeling of cross sections in Monte Carlo event generators for electron and neutrino (νe,μ) scattering. Additionally, we find that the excitation of nuclear states contributes significantly (up to 30%) to the Coulomb sum rule SL(q). We extract the most accurate determination of SL(q) to date and find it to be in disagreement with random phase approximation (RPA) based calculations but in reasonable agreement with recent theoretical calculations, such as “first-principle Green’s function Monte Carlo”. Full article
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6 pages, 5290 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Options for PMT Electronics for the Hyper-Kamiokande Far Detector
by Shota Izumiyama
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008013 - 19 Jul 2023
Viewed by 428
Abstract
The Hyper-Kamiokande is a next-generation neutrinos and nucleon decay experiment. It consists of a huge Water Cherenkov detector and a high-intensity neutrino beam factory with a neutrino near detector complex. We are constructing the detector and planning to start operation in 2027. The [...] Read more.
The Hyper-Kamiokande is a next-generation neutrinos and nucleon decay experiment. It consists of a huge Water Cherenkov detector and a high-intensity neutrino beam factory with a neutrino near detector complex. We are constructing the detector and planning to start operation in 2027. The photo sensor is one of the key components of the Water Cherenkov detector, and we decided to use large aperture PMTs of 50cm diameter. It is required to prepare suitable digitizer for this particular PMT signal, which has twice as a good performance as those of the current PMTs. They should have sub-ns timing resolution and a wide dynamic range from 𝒪(mV) to 𝒪(V). We have developed three designs using different technologies. The first design processes the input signal in a pipeline of charge-to-time conversion and time-to-digital conversion. The second digitizes the input signal with flash-ADC. The third one uses the discrete components of discriminator and sampling ADC to record the timing and the charge of the input signal. Through a detailed evaluation, we have selected the “discrete design” for our readout system. Full article
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6 pages, 1365 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
T2K Latest Results on Neutrino–Nucleus Cross-Sections
by Andrew Cudd
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008014 - 20 Jul 2023
Viewed by 314
Abstract
A detailed understanding of neutrino–nucleus interactions is essential for the precise measurement of neutrino oscillations at long baseline experiments, such as T2K. The T2K near detector complex, designed to constrain the T2K flux and cross-section models, also provides a complementary program of neutrino [...] Read more.
A detailed understanding of neutrino–nucleus interactions is essential for the precise measurement of neutrino oscillations at long baseline experiments, such as T2K. The T2K near detector complex, designed to constrain the T2K flux and cross-section models, also provides a complementary program of neutrino interaction cross-section measurements. Through the use of multiple target materials (carbon, water, lead, iron), and the ability to sample different neutrino spectra (with detectors located on- and off-axis with respect to the beam direction), T2K is able to investigate atomic number and energy dependence of interaction cross-sections in a single experiment. In particular, T2K has recently performed the first joint on-/off-axis measurement of the charged current channel without pion in the final state. Furthermore, dedicated efforts are devoted to investigating rare or poorly studied interaction channels. Indeed, an improved analysis of the coherent pion production cross-section was recently accomplished, including an anti-neutrino sample for the first time. Those results, together with an overview of the T2K measurement strategy, adopted to reduce the model dependence, will be presented in these proceedings. Full article
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6 pages, 402 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Calibrating for Precision Calorimetry in LArTPCs at ICARUS and SBN
by Gray Putnam
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008015 - 20 Jul 2023
Viewed by 301
Abstract
The Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) Program at Fermilab consists of multiple Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) detectors in a single neutrino beam. SBN will have a broad physics program that includes GeV-scale neutrino cross section measurements and physics searches beyond the Standard Model [...] Read more.
The Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) Program at Fermilab consists of multiple Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) detectors in a single neutrino beam. SBN will have a broad physics program that includes GeV-scale neutrino cross section measurements and physics searches beyond the Standard Model including a search for short-baseline neutrino oscillations. Especially for the oscillation program at SBN (and, looking ahead, at DUNE) it is imperative to have accurate and precise energy measurements that can be related to the true neutrino energy. At ICARUS, we have developed a precise energy scale calibration procedure to match the needs of these physics goals. Two innovations are important here. First, diffusion plays a role in determining the energy scale in LArTPC calibration in a manner unappreciated by previous experiments. Second, incorporating systematic uncertainties into the energy scale calibration fit allows for a precise determination of the uncertainty of calorimetric measurements in a way that could be propogated to higher-level analyses. The result from the calibration procedure outlined herein is now being applied to neutrino beam data at ICARUS. Full article
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6 pages, 953 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Sensitivity to Cabibbo-Suppressed Λ Production in MicroBooNE
by Christopher Thorpe
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008016 - 20 Jul 2023
Viewed by 369
Abstract
The MicroBooNE detector is a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) with an 85 ton active mass that receives flux from the Booster Neutrino and the Nutrinos from the Main Injector (NuMI) beams, providing excellent spatial resolution of the reconstructed final-state particles. Since [...] Read more.
The MicroBooNE detector is a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) with an 85 ton active mass that receives flux from the Booster Neutrino and the Nutrinos from the Main Injector (NuMI) beams, providing excellent spatial resolution of the reconstructed final-state particles. Since 2015, MicroBooNE has accumulated many neutrino and anti-neutrino scattering events with argon nuclei enabling searches for rare interaction channels. The Cabibbo-suppressed production of hyperons in anti-neutrino–nucleus interactions provides sensitivity to a range of effects, including second-class currents, SU(3) symmetry violations and reinteractions between the hyperon and the nuclear remnant. This channel exclusively involves anti-neutrinos, offering an unambiguous constraint on wrong-sign contamination. The effects of nucleon structure and final state interactions are distinct from those affecting the quasielastic channel and modify the Λ and Σ production cross sections in different ways, providing new information that could help to break their degeneracy. Few measurements of this channel have been made, primarily in older experiments such as Gargamelle. We present the sensitivity of the MicroBooNE experiment to the cross section for direct (Cabibbo-suppressed) Λ production in muon anti-neutrino interactions, using anti-neutrinos from the off-axis NuMI beam. Full article
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6 pages, 1594 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
LDMX: The Light Dark Matter eXperiment and M3: The Muon Missing Momentum Experiment
by Matthew Solt
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008017 - 20 Jul 2023
Viewed by 436
Abstract
The constituents of dark matter are still unknown, and the viable possibilities span a very large mass range. The scenario where dark matter originates from thermal contact with familiar matter in the early Universe requires the DM mass to lie within approximately an [...] Read more.
The constituents of dark matter are still unknown, and the viable possibilities span a very large mass range. The scenario where dark matter originates from thermal contact with familiar matter in the early Universe requires the DM mass to lie within approximately an MeV to 100 TeV. Considerable experimental attention has been given to exploring weakly interacting massive particles in the upper end of this range (few GeV–TeV), while the MeV to GeV region has been steadily gaining more attention in recent years. If there is an interaction between light DM and ordinary matter, as there must be in the case of a thermal origin, then there is a production mechanism in accelerator-based experiments. The Light Dark Matter eXperiment (LDMX) is a planned electron-beam fixed-target missing-momentum experiment that has unique sensitivity to light DM in the sub-GeV range. Of particular interest to the NuFact muon working group is a proposal for a muon LDMX that uses a muon beam to probe the electron-phobic scenario. This contribution will provide an overview of the theoretical motivation, the main experimental challenges, how they are addressed, and the projected sensitivities in comparison to other experiments. Full article
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5 pages, 457 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Coherent Neutrino Scattering and Quenching Factor Measurement
by Jiajun Liao
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008018 - 21 Jul 2023
Viewed by 415
Abstract
The latest direct measurements of the germanium quenching factor deviate significantly from the standard Lindhard model for nuclear recoil energies at the sub keV region. Here, we show that the recently measured coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering (CEνNS) data from reactor antineutrinos [...] Read more.
The latest direct measurements of the germanium quenching factor deviate significantly from the standard Lindhard model for nuclear recoil energies at the sub keV region. Here, we show that the recently measured coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering (CEνNS) data from reactor antineutrinos can be used to probe the quenching factor model, and a 2σ improvement can be achieved in the fit to the measured CEνNS data if the quenching factor is described by a modified Lindhard model with a negative value of q, which is also consistent with the direct quenching factor measurement. Constraints on the parameter space of a light vector or scalar mediator that couples to neutrinos and quarks, and on a neutrino magnetic moment, are also placed by using the measured CEνNS data, and we find that they are quite sensitive to the quenching factor model at low recoil energies. Full article
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15 pages, 1725 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
CEνNS Experiment Proposal at CSNS
by Chenguang Su, Qian Liu and Tianjiao Liang
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008019 - 24 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 386
Abstract
The detection and cross-section measurement of Coherent Elastic Neutrino–Nucleus Scattering (CEvNS) are vital for particle physics, astrophysics, and nuclear physics. Therefore, a new CEvNS detection experiment is proposed in China. Undoped CsI crystals, each coupled with two Photon Multiplier Tubes (PMTs), will be [...] Read more.
The detection and cross-section measurement of Coherent Elastic Neutrino–Nucleus Scattering (CEvNS) are vital for particle physics, astrophysics, and nuclear physics. Therefore, a new CEvNS detection experiment is proposed in China. Undoped CsI crystals, each coupled with two Photon Multiplier Tubes (PMTs), will be cooled down to 77 K and placed at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) to detect the CEvNS signals produced by neutrinos from stopped pion decays occurring within the Tungsten target of CSNS. Owing to the extremely high light yield of pure CsI at 77 K, even though it only has a neutrino flux 60% weaker than the COHERENT experiment, the detectable signal event rate is still expected to be 0.074/day/kg (0.053/day/kg for COHERENT). Low-radioactivity materials and devices will be used to construct the detector, and strong shielding will be applied to reduce the radioactive and neutron background. Dual-PMT readout should be able to reject PMT dark count background. Using all the strategies mentioned above, we hope to reach a 5.1σ signal detection significance within six months of data collection with four 3 kg CsI. This paper will discuss the experiment’s design, as well as the estimation of the signal, various kinds of background, and expected signal sensitivity. Full article
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6 pages, 1773 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Interdigital H-Mode Drift Tube Linear Accelerator for a Muon Linear Accelerator
by Yuga Nakazawa, Ersin Cicek, Hiroyasu Ego, Yoshinori Fukao, Kenta Futatsukawa, Kazuo Hasegawa, Toru Iijima, Hiromi Iinuma, Kenji Inami, Katsuhiko Ishida, Naritoshi Kawamura, Ryo Kitamura, Yasuhiro Kondo, Tsutomu Mibe, Yasuhiro Miyake, Takatoshi Morishita, Masashi Otani, Naohito Saito, Koichiro Shimomura, Yuki Sue, Kazumichi Sumi, Kazuhito Suzuki, Tomohiro Takayanagi, Yusuke Takeuchi, Junji Tojo, Takayuki Yamazaki, Hiromasa Yasuda and Mai Yotsuzukaadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008020 - 24 Jul 2023
Viewed by 444
Abstract
The muon anomalous magnetic moment (g2) measurement at the Fermilab National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL-E989) is consistent with a previous experiment at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL-E821), and these results show a deviation of 4.2 standard deviations from the prediction [...] Read more.
The muon anomalous magnetic moment (g2) measurement at the Fermilab National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL-E989) is consistent with a previous experiment at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL-E821), and these results show a deviation of 4.2 standard deviations from the prediction of the Standard Model. This deviation may suggest the existence of unknown particles, and a completely different approach from previous experiments is needed for further verification. The J-PARC experiment’s objective is to measure the muon g-2 and the electric dipole moment (EDM) with high precision using a new method with a low-emittance muon beam generated by RF linear acceleration. In this paper, the development of an interdigital H-mode drift tube linac (IH-DTL) for the muon linear accelerator is described. Full article
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6 pages, 942 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
IsoDAR@Yemilab—A Definitive Search for Noble Neutrinos and Other BSM Physics
by Daniel Winklehner
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008021 - 25 Jul 2023
Viewed by 450
Abstract
The IsoDAR neutrino source comprises a novel compact cyclotron capable of delivering 10 mA of 60 MeV protons in cw mode and a high-power neutrino production target. It has obtained preliminary approval to run at the new underground facility Yemilab in South Korea. [...] Read more.
The IsoDAR neutrino source comprises a novel compact cyclotron capable of delivering 10 mA of 60 MeV protons in cw mode and a high-power neutrino production target. It has obtained preliminary approval to run at the new underground facility Yemilab in South Korea. IsoDAR will produce a very pure, isotropic ν¯e source, with a peak neutrino energy of around 6 MeV and an endpoint around 15 MeV. Paired with a kton-scale detector like the planned Liquid Scintillator Counter (LSC) at Yemilab, IsoDAR can measure ν¯e disappearance through the inverse beta decay (IBD) channel. We expect about 1.67·106 IBD events and 7000 ν¯e – e elastic scatter events in the LSC in five years of running, letting us distinguish many different models for noble (aka sterile) neutrinos and significantly improving existing limits for Non-Standard Interactions (NSIs). Finally, IsoDAR@Yemilab is sensitive to new particles produced in the target (such as light X bosons that decay to ν¯eνe). We describe the accelerator developments for IsoDAR that enable us to produce about a mole of neutrinos in five years of running. These include direct injection through a radiofrequency quadrupole, exploiting complex beam dynamics, and applying machine learning in accelerator design and optimization. Full article
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6 pages, 20277 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Status of the Short-Baseline Near Detector at Fermilab
by Miquel Nebot-Guinot
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008022 - 25 Jul 2023
Viewed by 454
Abstract
The Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND) will be one of three Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) neutrino detectors positioned along the axis of the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab, as part of the Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) Program. The detector is currently in [...] Read more.
The Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND) will be one of three Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) neutrino detectors positioned along the axis of the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab, as part of the Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) Program. The detector is currently in the construction phase and is anticipated to begin operation in 2023. SBND is characterized by superb imaging capabilities and will record over a million neutrino interactions per year. Thanks to its unique combination of measurement resolution and statistics, SBND will carry out a rich program of neutrino interaction measurements and novel searches for physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). It will enable the potential of the overall SBN sterile neutrino program by performing a precise characterization of the unoscillated event rate, and by constraining BNB flux and neutrino–argon cross-section systematic uncertainties. In this proceedings article, the physics reach, current status, and future prospects of SBND are discussed. Full article
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6 pages, 402 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
First Result of the High Repetition Operation in J-PARC MR
by Takaaki Yasui, Susumu Igarashi, Yoichi Sato and Hideaki Hotchi
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008023 - 26 Jul 2023
Viewed by 340
Abstract
We performed beam studies with a cycling period of 1.36 s in the main ring synchrotron (MR) of Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) after hardware upgrade to enable high repetition operation. After optics tuning, we have successfully controlled the beam with an [...] Read more.
We performed beam studies with a cycling period of 1.36 s in the main ring synchrotron (MR) of Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) after hardware upgrade to enable high repetition operation. After optics tuning, we have successfully controlled the beam with an intensity of 2.7×1013 protons per bunch, corresponding to a beam power of 740 kW considering the beam survival ratio, during the beam injection period. We have verified the beam optics for the 740 kW FX operation. Split quadrupole families caused three-fold symmetry breaking of the beam optics, resulting in deterioration of the beam survivals. We are planning further beam loss reduction by adding correction quadrupole magnetic fields and recovering the three-fold symmetry. Full article
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6 pages, 555 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
A Monitored Neutrino Beam at the European Spallation Source
by Francesco Terranova, F. Acerbi, I. Angelis, L. Bomben, M. Bonesini, F. Bramati, A. Branca, C. Brizzolari, G. Brunetti, S. Capelli, S. Carturan, M. G. Catanesi, S. Cecchini, F. Cindolo, G. Cogo, G. Collazuol, F. Dal Corso, C. Delogu, G. De Rosa, A. Falcone, A. Gola, L. Halić, F. Iacob, C. Jollet, A. Kallitsopoulou, B. Klicek, Y. Kudenko, Ch. Lampoudis, M. Laveder, P. Legou, A. Longhin, L. Ludovici, E. Lutsenko, L. Magaletti, G. Mandrioli, A. Margotti, V. Mascagna, S. Marangoni, N. Mauri, L. Meazza, A. Meregaglia, M. Mezzetto, A. Paoloni, T. Papaevangelou, M. Pari, E. G. Parozzi, L. Pasqualini, G. Paternoster, L. Patrizii, M. Pozzato, M. Prest, F. Pupilli, E. Radicioni, A. C. Ruggeri, D. Sampsonidis, C. Scian, G. Sirri, M. Stipcevic, M. Tenti, M. Torti, S. E. Tzamarias, E. Vallazza and L. Votanoadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008024 - 25 Jul 2023
Viewed by 581
Abstract
Monitored neutrino beams are facilities where beam diagnostics enable the counting and identification of charged leptons in the decay tunnel of a narrow band beam. These facilities can monitor neutrino production at the single particle level (flux precision <1%) and provide [...] Read more.
Monitored neutrino beams are facilities where beam diagnostics enable the counting and identification of charged leptons in the decay tunnel of a narrow band beam. These facilities can monitor neutrino production at the single particle level (flux precision <1%) and provide information about the neutrino energy at the 10% level. The ENUBET Collaboration has demonstrated that lepton monitoring might be achieved not only by employing kaon decays but also by identifying muons from the π+μ+νμ decays and positrons from the decay-in-flight of muons before the hadron dump. As a consequence, beam monitoring can be performed using the ENUBET technique even when the kaon production yield is kinematically suppressed. This finding opens up a wealth of opportunities for measuring neutrino cross-sections below 1 GeV. In this paper, we investigate this opportunity at the European Spallation Source (ESS), which is an ideal facility to measure νμ and νe cross-sections in the 0.2–1 GeV range. We also describe the planned activities for the design of this beam at the ESS within the framework of the ESSνSB+ design study, which was approved by the EU in July 2022. Full article
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2820 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
JUNO Status and Physics Potential
by Livia Ludhova
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008025 - 28 Jul 2023
Viewed by 408
Abstract
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a neutrino experiment under construction in an underground laboratory with a 650 m rock overburden near Jiangmen in southern China. The detector’s main component will be 20 kton of liquid scintillator held in a spherical acrylic [...] Read more.
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a neutrino experiment under construction in an underground laboratory with a 650 m rock overburden near Jiangmen in southern China. The detector’s main component will be 20 kton of liquid scintillator held in a spherical acrylic vessel. The experiment is designed for the determination of neutrino mass ordering, one of the key open questions in neutrino physics. This measurement will be based on observations of the vacuum oscillation pattern of antineutrinos from two nuclear power plants at a baseline of 53 km. The estimated sensitivity is 3σ in about six years with 26.6 GWth of reactor power. A key ingredient for the success is an excellent and extremely challenging energy resolution of 3% at 1 MeV. The light produced by the scintillator will be seen by 17,612 large twenty-inch PMTs and 25,600 small three-inch PMTs. The OSIRIS detector will monitor the radio purity of the liquid scintillator during the months-long filling process of the main detector. The unoscillated antineutrino spectrum from one reactor core will be measured with unprecedented precision by the Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO), located at a baseline of about 30 m. JUNO is expected to substantially improve the precision of sin22θ12, Δm212, and Δm312 neutrino oscillation parameters. Astrophysical measurements of solar, geo-, supernova, DSNB, and atmospheric neutrinos, as well as searching for proton decay and dark matter, are integral parts of the vast JUNO physics program. This contribution reviews the physics goals and current status of the JUNO project. Full article
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6 pages, 511 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Searches for Dark Matter in the Sun with the IceCube Neutrino Telescope
by Christoph Tönnis
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008026 - 31 Jul 2023
Viewed by 420
Abstract
The IceCube detector is particularly sensitive to high-energy neutrinos due to its size and photosensor spacing. In this review we present results from the search for dark matter in the sun and earth, including a search for dark matter that annihilates into a [...] Read more.
The IceCube detector is particularly sensitive to high-energy neutrinos due to its size and photosensor spacing. In this review we present results from the search for dark matter in the sun and earth, including a search for dark matter that annihilates into a metastable mediator that subsequently decays into standard model particles and a search for solar atmospheric neutrinos that present a significant background to solar dark matter searches. We present the results from different searches for dark matter in the sun and the earth in this proceeding paper. Full article
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5 pages, 299 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Charged-Meson-Induced New Physics in Beam-Focused Neutrino Experiments
by Doojin Kim
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008027 - 31 Jul 2023
Viewed by 350
Abstract
We discuss the phenomenology of dark-sector signals coming not only from the conventionally-used neutral meson decays but also from recently-realized charged-meson decays. We argue that charged mesons can be overlooked even though there are efficient sources of dark-sector particles. Two applications are presented: [...] Read more.
We discuss the phenomenology of dark-sector signals coming not only from the conventionally-used neutral meson decays but also from recently-realized charged-meson decays. We argue that charged mesons can be overlooked even though there are efficient sources of dark-sector particles. Two applications are presented: a dark-sector interpretation of the MiniBooNE excess and an anomalous appearance of ντ in the near detector of beam-focused neutrino experiments. Full article
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10 pages, 1460 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Muons: A Gateway to New Physics
by Jonathan Kriewald
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008028 - 01 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 437
Abstract
The discovery of neutrino oscillations is the first laboratory evidence of New Physics beyond the Standard Model. Oscillating neutrinos necessarily imply that neutrinos are massive and that (neutral) lepton flavour is violated. However, a signal of charged lepton flavour violation (cLFV) has so [...] Read more.
The discovery of neutrino oscillations is the first laboratory evidence of New Physics beyond the Standard Model. Oscillating neutrinos necessarily imply that neutrinos are massive and that (neutral) lepton flavour is violated. However, a signal of charged lepton flavour violation (cLFV) has so far eluded experimental discovery. In this proceeding, we review some phenomenological implications of the current experimental bounds (and future sensitivities) on observables related to muons, with particular attention to charged lepton flavour violating processes. In connection to neutrino masses, we also highlight some phenomenological implications of leptonic CP violation on cLFV observables. Full article
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6 pages, 334 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Total Neutron Cross-Section Measurement on CH with a Novel 3D-Projection Scintillator Detector
by Ciro Riccio, Anushka Agarwal, Howard Budd, Jordi Capó, Pooi Chong, Georgios Christodoulou, Mikhail Danilov, Anna Dergacheva, Albert De Roeck, Neha Dokania, Dana Douqa, Katherine Dugas, Sergei Fedotov, Sunwoo Gwon, Ryan Howell, Konosuke Iwamoto, Cesar Jesú-Valls, Chang Kee Jung, Siva Prasad Kasetti, Marat Khabibullin, Alexey Khotjantsev, Tatsuya Kikawa, Umut Kose, Yuri Kudenko, Soichiro Kuribayashi, Thomas Kutter, David Last, Shih-Kai Lin, Thorsten Lux, Steven Manly, David A. Martinez Caicedo, Sergei Martynenko, Tsunayuki Matsubara, Christopher Mauger, Kevin McFarland, Clark McGrew, Aleksandr Mefodiev, Oleg Mineev, Takeshi Nakadaira, Etam Noah, Andrew Olivier, Vittorio Paolone, Sandro Palestini, Alexander Paul-Torres, Rachel Pellegrino, Manuel Alejandro Ramírez, Jairo Rodriguez Rondon, Federico Sanchez, Davide Sgalaberna, Wilf Shorrock, Andriaseta Sitraka, Kim Siyeon, Nataliya Skrobova, Sergey Suvorov, Abraham Teklu, Martin Tzanov, Yoshi Uchida, Clarence Wret, Guang Yang, Nikolay Yershov, Masashi Yokoyama and Perri Zilbermanadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008029 - 01 Aug 2023
Viewed by 433
Abstract
Long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments rely on detailed models of neutrino interactions on nuclei. These models constitute an important source of systematic uncertainty, partially because detectors to date have been unable to detect final state neutrons. A novel three-dimensional projection scintillator tracker will be [...] Read more.
Long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments rely on detailed models of neutrino interactions on nuclei. These models constitute an important source of systematic uncertainty, partially because detectors to date have been unable to detect final state neutrons. A novel three-dimensional projection scintillator tracker will be a component of the upgraded off-axis near detector of the T2K experiment. Due to the good timing resolution and fine granularity, this technology is capable of measuring neutron kinematics in neutrino interactions on an event-by-event basis and will provide valuable data for refining neutrino interaction models. A prototype is exposed to the neutron beamline at Los Alamos National Laboratory with neutron energies between 0 and 800 MeV. In order to demonstrate the capability to measure neutron kinematics, the total neutron–scintillator cross section as a function of the neutron kinetic energy is measured. Full article
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6 pages, 1845 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Searching for Charged Lepton Flavour Violation with Mu3e
by Ann-Kathrin Perrevoort
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008030 - 02 Aug 2023
Viewed by 401
Abstract
The observation of lepton flavour violation (LFV) in the charged lepton sector would be an unambiguous sign of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM), and thus, it is the channel of choice for many BSM searches. LFV searches in muon decays in particular [...] Read more.
The observation of lepton flavour violation (LFV) in the charged lepton sector would be an unambiguous sign of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM), and thus, it is the channel of choice for many BSM searches. LFV searches in muon decays in particular benefit from the fact that muons can be easily produced at high rates. There is a global effort to search for LFV at high-intensity muon sources to which the upcoming Mu3e experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) will contribute. The Mu3e Collaboration aims to perform a background-free search for the LFV decay μ+e+ee+ with an unprecedented sensitivity in the order of 10−15 in the first phase of operation and 10−16 in the final phase—an improvement over the preceding SINDRUM experiment by four orders of magnitude. The high muon stopping rates and low momenta of the decay electrons make high demands on momentum and time resolution and on the data acquisition. The innovative experimental concept is based on a tracking detector built from novel ultra-thin silicon pixel sensors and scintillating fibres and tiles as well as online event reconstruction and filtering in real time. Full article
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5 pages, 710 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Calibration Strategy for the JUNO Experiment
by Davide Basilico
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008031 - 01 Aug 2023
Viewed by 342
Abstract
Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kton liquid scintillator-based neutrino experiment, being built in the Guangdong province in Southern China. JUNO will act as a multipurpose observatory for neutrinos produced by artificial and natural sources. The detector calibration is a crucial [...] Read more.
Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kton liquid scintillator-based neutrino experiment, being built in the Guangdong province in Southern China. JUNO will act as a multipurpose observatory for neutrinos produced by artificial and natural sources. The detector calibration is a crucial and challenging tile for the success of the JUNO rich physics programme; its strategy is based on the periodical deployment of radioactive sources within the liquid scintillator. The hardware design consists of several independent and low-background subsystems able to deploy the sources in multiple positions, to optimize the energy resolution and to provide a detailed assessment of the detector energy response. By exploiting this comprehensive calibration program, along with a dual calorimetry technique based on two independent photosensor systems, the JUNO central detector will be able to achieve a better than 1% energy linearity and a 3% effective energy resolution, which are crucial requirements for the neutrino mass ordering determination. In the following, the JUNO calibration strategy and requirements, along with the system hardware design and the simulation results, will be outlined. Full article
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6 pages, 1321 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Online Machine-Learning-Based Event Selection for COMET Phase-I
by Yuki Fujii, Masaki Miyataki, MyeongJae Lee, Yu Nakazawa, Liam Pinchbeck, Kazuki Ueno and Hisataka Yoshida
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008032 - 03 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 613
Abstract
In many modern particle physics experiments, high-rate data handling is one of the most critical challenges due to the increase in particle intensity required to achieve higher statistics. We will tackle the challenge in the COMET experiment by developing the sub-microseconds ultra-fast machine [...] Read more.
In many modern particle physics experiments, high-rate data handling is one of the most critical challenges due to the increase in particle intensity required to achieve higher statistics. We will tackle the challenge in the COMET experiment by developing the sub-microseconds ultra-fast machine learning (ML) algorithm implemented inside FPGAs to search for the lepton flavour violation process, a μ-e conversion, using the world’s most intense muon beam. Our previous study showed that a trigger algorithm based on a gradient-boosted decision tree will realise the sufficient trigger performance within 3.2 μs with a cut-based event classification. In this paper, we further investigated neural network algorithms as event classifications. For the feasibility test, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model was implemented inside the FPGA, and the preliminary results are presented. Full article
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4 pages, 514 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Measurement of Double-Differential Cross-Sections for Mesonless Charged Current Neutrino Scattering on Argon with MicroBooNE
by Julia Book
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008033 - 08 Aug 2023
Viewed by 423
Abstract
The MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber experiment is pursuing a broad range of neutrino physics measurements, including some of the first high-statistics results for neutrino–argon scattering cross-sections. At the neutrino energies relevant for MicroBooNE and its companion experiments in the Fermilab Short-Baseline [...] Read more.
The MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber experiment is pursuing a broad range of neutrino physics measurements, including some of the first high-statistics results for neutrino–argon scattering cross-sections. At the neutrino energies relevant for MicroBooNE and its companion experiments in the Fermilab Short-Baseline Neutrino program, the dominant event topology involves mesonless final states containing one or more protons. A complete description of these events requires modeling the contributions of quasielastic and two-particle, two-hole neutrino interactions, as well as more inelastic reaction modes in which final state pions are reabsorbed by the residual nucleus. Refinements to the current understanding of these processes, informed by new neutrino cross-section data, will enable a precise and reliable interpretation of future measurements of neutrino oscillations and searches for exotic physics processes involving neutrinos. This proceeding presents the first double-differential cross-section results from MicroBooNE for mesonless charged current scattering of muon neutrinos on argon. Full article
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5 pages, 908 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
ESSνSB from Source to Target and Plans for the Future
by Natalia Milas and Maja Olvegård
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008034 - 09 Aug 2023
Viewed by 310
Abstract
The European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the most powerful neutron source in the world. This facility offers a unique opportunity to study fundamental physics, in particular the matter–antimatter asymmetry in the Universe due to the development of a very intense neutrino superbeam. [...] Read more.
The European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the most powerful neutron source in the world. This facility offers a unique opportunity to study fundamental physics, in particular the matter–antimatter asymmetry in the Universe due to the development of a very intense neutrino superbeam. The ESS neutrino Super-Beam project proposes an accelerator complex, complimentary to the existing facility, and an additional target station to produce such a neutrino beam. We give an overview of the ESSνSB project with details on the accelerator complex, from source to target. We also present the proposed next steps for the ESSνSB project. Full article
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6 pages, 1607 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Neutrino Oscillation Measurements with KM3NeT/ORCA
by Johannes Schumann
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008035 - 09 Aug 2023
Viewed by 442
Abstract
KM3NeT/ORCA is an underwater neutrino telescope which is currently being deployed in the Mediterranean Sea. Its geometry has been optimized for the study of neutrino oscillations using atmospheric neutrinos (within an energy range of 1–100 GeV). In particular, this will allow to [...] Read more.
KM3NeT/ORCA is an underwater neutrino telescope which is currently being deployed in the Mediterranean Sea. Its geometry has been optimized for the study of neutrino oscillations using atmospheric neutrinos (within an energy range of 1–100 GeV). In particular, this will allow to measure the neutrino mass hierarchy as well as the oscillation parameters θ23 and Δm312. The data from the ORCA detector with a six string configuration and one year of exposure has already allowed to exclude the non-oscillation hypothesis with more than 5σ. In this contribution an overview of current results will be presented and the sensitivity of a fully deployed ORCA detector will be discussed. Full article
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5 pages, 537 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
ESS Linac Overall Status and Normal-Conducting Linac Commissioning
by Ryoichi Miyamoto, Mamad Eshraqi, Yngve Levinsen, Natalia Milas and Daniel Noll
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008036 - 09 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 333
Abstract
The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, will be the brightest spallation neutron source in the world, when its driving superconducting proton linac achieves the design power of 5 MW at 2 GeV. Such a high-power linac requires production, [...] Read more.
The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, will be the brightest spallation neutron source in the world, when its driving superconducting proton linac achieves the design power of 5 MW at 2 GeV. Such a high-power linac requires production, efficient acceleration, and almost no-loss transport of a high-current beam (62.5 mA), thus making its design and beam commissioning challenging. Beam commissioning for the normal-conducting part of the linac is ongoing in stages. In 2022, the beam was accelerated up to the first tank of the five-tank drift-tube linac. This presentation provides a summary of the ESS linac project and presents highlights from ongoing beam commissioning. Full article
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5 pages, 785 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
A Demonstrator for Muon Ionisation Cooling
by Chris Rogers
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008037 - 11 Aug 2023
Viewed by 415
Abstract
The muon collider is an excellent prospect as a multi-TeV lepton collider, with the possibility for high luminosity and reaching 10 TeV or more. In order to realise such luminosity, high beam brightness is required. Ionisation cooling, which was demonstrated recently by the [...] Read more.
The muon collider is an excellent prospect as a multi-TeV lepton collider, with the possibility for high luminosity and reaching 10 TeV or more. In order to realise such luminosity, high beam brightness is required. Ionisation cooling, which was demonstrated recently by the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE), is the technique proposed to realise sufficient brightness. MICE demonstrated transverse emittance reduction of incident beams having relatively high emittance and without beam reacceleration. The international Muon Collider Collaboration proposes a Demonstrator for Muon Cooling that will demonstrate six-dimensional emittance reduction over a number of cooling cells, operating at beam emittance close to the ultimate goal for the muon collider. Together with a full R&D programme, this will pave the way for the construction of a muon collider. In this paper, initial considerations and possible implementations for the Demonstrator are discussed. Full article
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6 pages, 2516 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
The T2K Near Detector Upgrade
by Aoi Eguchi
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008038 - 15 Aug 2023
Viewed by 458
Abstract
The T2K experiment is a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment conducted in Japan. It aims to precisely measure the neutrino oscillation parameters by measuring the muon neutrino beam produced at the J-PARC accelerator complex at both near and far detectors. The magnetized T2K [...] Read more.
The T2K experiment is a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment conducted in Japan. It aims to precisely measure the neutrino oscillation parameters by measuring the muon neutrino beam produced at the J-PARC accelerator complex at both near and far detectors. The magnetized T2K near detector complex ND280 plays an important role in measuring the neutrino interactions before the oscillations and constraining the systematic uncertainties in the measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters. The physics goals of T2K are to test Charge-Parity (CP) symmetry in the lepton sector, to precisely measure the neutrino oscillation parameters θ23 and Δm322, and to determine the neutrino mass ordering and the octant of θ23. T2K has disfavored CP conservation with a significance level of 2σ, and the higher significance level can be achieved by increasing the statistics and reducing the systematic uncertainties. Thus, the T2K collaboration proposed upgrading ND280 by replacing the P0D detector with a new fine-grained scintillator detector SuperFGD and two Time-Projection Chambers (TPCs). In addition, these new detectors will be covered by six Time Of Flight (TOF) planes. The performances of these upgrade detectors have been tested and confirmed to satisfy the requirements of the ND280 upgrade program. The physics performances of the upgraded ND280 have also been studied and they show promising improvements in neutrino interaction measurements by introducing transverse kinematics variables. Full article
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6 pages, 2717 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
DeeMe—Muon–Electron Conversion Search Experiment
by Kazuhiro Yamamoto
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008039 - 16 Aug 2023
Viewed by 367
Abstract
This experiment to search for the one of the charged lepton flavor-violating processes, muon-electron conversion, DeeMe, is being conducted at the J-PARC MLF H-Line in Japan. This experiment utilizes a pulsed proton beam from the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS). A graphite target is [...] Read more.
This experiment to search for the one of the charged lepton flavor-violating processes, muon-electron conversion, DeeMe, is being conducted at the J-PARC MLF H-Line in Japan. This experiment utilizes a pulsed proton beam from the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS). A graphite target is bombarded with a pulsed proton beam, negative pion production and pion-in-flight-decay to negative muon; then, the creation of muonic atoms is caused in the same pion production target. A converted electron is expected to be emitted after 1 ∼ 2 micro second-delayed timing. And two-body reaction of the new process, μ+(A,Z)e+(A,Z), results in 105 MeV monoenergetic electron. Thus, 1 ∼ 2 micro second-delayed 105 MeV monoenergetic electron is a searched signal. Electrons around 105 MeV are transported by the H-Line and analyzed using the dipole magnet (0.4 T) and four multi-wire proportional chambers (MWPCs). However, the burst pulse reaching 108 charged particles/pulse attributable to the RCS pulse leads to significant dead time for the MWPC. Thus, the HV switching scheme is introduced to handle the prompt burst. The target single event sensitivity is 1013. The H-Line construction was completed, and commissioning went well. The overview of the experiment and the current status are described in this article. Full article
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6 pages, 3164 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Machine Learning Applications to Maintain the NuMI Neutrino Beam Quality at Fermilab
by Don Athula Wickremasinghe, Yiding Yu, Eduardo A. Ossorio Alfaro, Sudeshna Ganguly, Katsuya Yonehara and Pavel Snopok
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008040 - 15 Aug 2023
Viewed by 366
Abstract
The NuMI target facility at Fermilab produces an intense muon neutrino beam for the NOvA (NuMI Off-axis νe Appearance) long baseline neutrino experiment. Three arrays of muon monitors located downstream of the hadron absorber in the NuMI beamline provide the measurements of [...] Read more.
The NuMI target facility at Fermilab produces an intense muon neutrino beam for the NOvA (NuMI Off-axis νe Appearance) long baseline neutrino experiment. Three arrays of muon monitors located downstream of the hadron absorber in the NuMI beamline provide the measurements of the primary beam and horn current quality. We have studied the response of muon monitors with the proton beam profile changes and focusing horn current variations. The responses of muon monitors are used to develop machine learning (ML) algorithms to monitor the beam quality. We present the development of the machine learning applications and future plans. This effort is important for future applications such as beam quality assurance, anomaly detection, and neutrino beam systematics studies. Our results demonstrate the advantages of developing useful ML applications that can be leveraged for future beamlines such as LBNF. Full article
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8 pages, 3959 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Hyper-Kamiokande
by Michael B. Smy
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008041 - 17 Aug 2023
Viewed by 599
Abstract
Hyper-Kamiokande, featuring a 260 kton cylindrical water Cherenkov detector, is one of the defining next-generation neutrino experiments. In addition to investigating neutrino oscillations with a dedicated, high-intensity muon neutrino beam, it will study atmospheric neutrinos, solar neutrinos, supernova neutrinos, and other astrophysical neutrinos. [...] Read more.
Hyper-Kamiokande, featuring a 260 kton cylindrical water Cherenkov detector, is one of the defining next-generation neutrino experiments. In addition to investigating neutrino oscillations with a dedicated, high-intensity muon neutrino beam, it will study atmospheric neutrinos, solar neutrinos, supernova neutrinos, and other astrophysical neutrinos. Its physics sensitivity is similar but complementary to other next-generation neutrino experiments: DUNE, a 40 kton liquid Argon time projection chamber, and JUNO, a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector. Full article
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6 pages, 790 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Machine Learning Methods for Super-Kamiokande Solar Neutrino Classification
by Alejandro Yankelevich
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008042 - 18 Aug 2023
Viewed by 526
Abstract
Super-Kamiokande (SK) has observed 8B solar neutrino recoil electrons at kinetic energies as low as 3.49 MeV to study neutrino flavor conversion within the sun. At SK-observable energies, these conversions are dominated by the Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein (MSW) effect. An “upturn” in the electron [...] Read more.
Super-Kamiokande (SK) has observed 8B solar neutrino recoil electrons at kinetic energies as low as 3.49 MeV to study neutrino flavor conversion within the sun. At SK-observable energies, these conversions are dominated by the Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein (MSW) effect. An “upturn” in the electron neutrino survival probability in which vacuum neutrino oscillations become dominant is predicted to occur at lower energies, but radioactive background increases exponentially with decreasing energy. New machine learning approaches, including convolutional neural networks trained on photomultiplier tube data and boosted decision trees trained on reconstructed variables, provide substantial background reduction in the 2.49–3.49 MeV energy region such that the statistical extraction of solar neutrino interactions becomes feasible. Full article
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6 pages, 675 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Analysis of T2K and MINERνA Semi-Inclusive νμ12C Measurements
by J. M. Franco-Patino, R. González-Jiménez, S. Dolan, M. B. Barbaro, J. A. Caballero, G. D. Megias and J. M. Udias
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008043 - 22 Aug 2023
Viewed by 361
Abstract
We compare the semi-inclusive νμ12C cross-section measurements via T2K and MINERνA collaborations with the predictions from the SuSAv2-MEC model implemented in the neutrino event generator GENIE and an unfactorized approach based on the relativistic distorted wave impulse [...] Read more.
We compare the semi-inclusive νμ12C cross-section measurements via T2K and MINERνA collaborations with the predictions from the SuSAv2-MEC model implemented in the neutrino event generator GENIE and an unfactorized approach based on the relativistic distorted wave impulse approximation (RDWIA). Results, which include cross-sections as a function of the final muon and proton kinematics as well as correlations between both, show that the agreement with data obtained via the RDWIA approach—which accounts for final-state interactions—matches or improves GENIE-SuSAv2 predictions for very forward angles, where scaling violations are relevant. Full article
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6 pages, 3110 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
KM3NeT/ORCA Calibration Procedures and Capabilities
by Antonio De Benedittis
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008044 - 23 Aug 2023
Viewed by 518
Abstract
The cubic-kilometre neutrino telescope (KM3NeT) is a piece of deep-sea infrastructure composed of two neutrino telescopes consisting of large-scale 3D arrays of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). KM3NeT is currently under construction on the Mediterranean seabed. The two telescopes are ARCA, near Sicily, which is [...] Read more.
The cubic-kilometre neutrino telescope (KM3NeT) is a piece of deep-sea infrastructure composed of two neutrino telescopes consisting of large-scale 3D arrays of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). KM3NeT is currently under construction on the Mediterranean seabed. The two telescopes are ARCA, near Sicily, which is designed for neutrino astronomy, and ORCA, near Toulon, France, designed for measurement of neutrino oscillations. The ORCA telescope, having a neutrino energy threshold in the GeV range, has as its main research goal the measurement of the neutrino mass ordering and atmospheric neutrino oscillation parameters. In this paper, we discuss the calibration procedures which are necessary to achieve these purposes. Full article
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5 pages, 1204 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Investigating the Development of STEM-Positive Identities of Refugee Teens in a Physics Out-of-School-Time Experience
by Tino Nyawelo, Sarah Braden, John N. Matthews, Jordan Gerton, Bolaji Bamidele, Melanie Valera Garcia, Raquel Goldrup, Ricardo Gonzalez and Joseph Kiflom
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008045 - 24 Aug 2023
Viewed by 455
Abstract
Refugee youth resettled in the United States experience two main barriers to long-term participation in STEM fields: (a) access to STEM skills and knowledge which is impacted by relocation and interrupted schooling, and (b) access to crafting positive learner identities in STEM as [...] Read more.
Refugee youth resettled in the United States experience two main barriers to long-term participation in STEM fields: (a) access to STEM skills and knowledge which is impacted by relocation and interrupted schooling, and (b) access to crafting positive learner identities in STEM as multilingual, multicultural, and multiracial youth. In this paper, we share a model for engaging refugee teens in cosmic ray research through constructing scintillator cosmic ray detectors, creating digital stories about cosmic rays, and hosting family and community science events where students share their learning with their families. This context serves as the site for ongoing ethnography exploring how refugee-background teens construct STEM-related identities and identifying supportive and unsupportive instructional practices. This paper summarizes the key program details and findings to date. Full article
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6 pages, 2745 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
ARIADNE+: Large Scale Demonstration of Fast Optical Readout for Dual-Phase LArTPCs at the CERN Neutrino Platform
by Adam John Lowe, Pablo Amedo-Martinez, Diego González-Díaz, Alexander Deisting, Krishanu Majumdar, Konstantinos Mavrokoridis, Marzio Nessi, Barney Philippou, Francesco Pietropaolo, Sudikshan Ravinthiran, Filippo Resnati, Adam Roberts, Angela Saá Hernández, Christos Touramanis and Jared Vann
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008046 - 24 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 457
Abstract
Optical readout of large scale dual-phase liquid Argon TPCs is an attractive alternative to charge readout and has been successfully demonstrated on a 2 × 2 m active region within the CERN protoDUNE cold box. ARIADNE+ uses four Timepix3 cameras imaging the [...] Read more.
Optical readout of large scale dual-phase liquid Argon TPCs is an attractive alternative to charge readout and has been successfully demonstrated on a 2 × 2 m active region within the CERN protoDUNE cold box. ARIADNE+ uses four Timepix3 cameras imaging the S2 light produced by 16 novel, patent pending, glass THGEMs. ARIADNE+ takes advantage of the raw Timepix3 data coming natively 3D and zero suppressed with a 1.6 ns timing resolution. Three of the four THGEM quadrants implement readouts in the visible light range through wavelength shifting, with the fourth featuring a VUV light intensifier, thus removing the need for wavelength shifting altogether. Cosmic ray reconstruction and energy calibration were performed. Presented is a summary of the detector setup and experimental run, preliminary analysis of the run data and future outlook for the ARIADNE program. Full article
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6 pages, 2709 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Characterization of the ERAM Detectors for the High Angle TPC of the T2K near Detector Upgrade
by Matteo Feltre
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008047 - 30 Aug 2023
Viewed by 502
Abstract
The High-Angle Time Projection Chambers (HA-TPCs) are a new set of detectors that will equip the off-axis near detector (ND280) of the T2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. A prototype of the Field Cage instrumented with one ERAM detector has been recently exposed to [...] Read more.
The High-Angle Time Projection Chambers (HA-TPCs) are a new set of detectors that will equip the off-axis near detector (ND280) of the T2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. A prototype of the Field Cage instrumented with one ERAM detector has been recently exposed to a DESY electron beam. In order to ensure that the HA-TPCs satisfy the required performances for the ND280 Upgrade (space point resolution better than 600 µm and dE/dx resolution smaller than 10%), the ERAM detectors have been characterized with X-ray sources and by exposing them to the DESY electron beam. In addition, a detailed simulation of the charge spreading phenomenon and of the electronic response is reported. Full article
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5 pages, 3175 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Detection of High-Energy Neutrinos at the Large Hadron Collider with the Scattering and Neutrino Detector
by Masahiro Komatsu
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008048 - 31 Aug 2023
Viewed by 366
Abstract
SND@LHC is designed to perform measurements with neutrinos produced at the LHC in the pseudo-rapidity range of 7.2<η<8.4. The experiment is located 480 m downstream of the ATLAS interaction point in the TI18 tunnel. The detector is a [...] Read more.
SND@LHC is designed to perform measurements with neutrinos produced at the LHC in the pseudo-rapidity range of 7.2<η<8.4. The experiment is located 480 m downstream of the ATLAS interaction point in the TI18 tunnel. The detector is a hybrid system composed of an 830 kg target made from 1 mm thick tungsten plates interleaved with nuclear emulsion films, electronic trackers also acting as an electromagnetic calorimeter, a hadronic calorimeter and a muon identification system. The detector is able to distinguish three neutrino flavours using the emulsion detector which can identify primary electrons and taus in charged current neutrino interactions. This capability allows probing heavy flavour forward production at the LHC, which even LHCb cannot access. The LHC CM energy corresponds to the 1017 eV astronomical energy region, which is of interest for future detectors. The SND@LHC’s capabilities and current status are reported in this document. Full article
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6 pages, 8566 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
The Camera System for the IceCube Upgrade
by Woosik Kang, Jiwoong Lee, Steven Rodan, Carsten Rott and Christoph Tönnis
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008049 - 01 Sep 2023
Viewed by 455
Abstract
As part of a currently ongoing upgrade to the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, seven new strings will be deployed in the central region of the detector to enhance the capability to detect neutrinos in the GeV range. A main science objective of the IceCube [...] Read more.
As part of a currently ongoing upgrade to the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, seven new strings will be deployed in the central region of the detector to enhance the capability to detect neutrinos in the GeV range. A main science objective of the IceCube Upgrade is to improve the calibration of the IceCube detector as a means of reducing systematic uncertainties related to the optical properties of the ice. A novel camera and illumination system, consisting of more than 1900 cameras, in 700 newly developed optical modules of the IceCube Upgrade, has been developed. A combination of transmission and reflection photographic measurements will be used to measure the optical properties of bulk ice between strings and refrozen ice in the drill hole, to determine module positions, and to survey the local ice environments surrounding the sensor module. In this contribution, we present the production, acceptance testing, and the plan for post-deployment calibration measurements with this camera system. Full article
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5 pages, 5675 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Status of the muEDM Experiment at PSI
by Kim Siang Khaw, Cheng Chen, Massimo Giovannozzi, Tianqi Hu, Meng Lv, Jun Kai Ng, Angela Papa, Philipp Schmidt-Wellenburg, Bastiano Vitali and Guan Ming Wong
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008050 - 04 Sep 2023
Viewed by 542
Abstract
Permanent electric dipole moments (EDMs) are excellent probes of physics beyond the Standard Model, especially on new sources of CP violation. The muon EDM has recently attracted significant attention due to discrepancies in the magnetic anomaly of the muon, as well as potential [...] Read more.
Permanent electric dipole moments (EDMs) are excellent probes of physics beyond the Standard Model, especially on new sources of CP violation. The muon EDM has recently attracted significant attention due to discrepancies in the magnetic anomaly of the muon, as well as potential violations of lepton-flavor universality in B-meson decays. At the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland, we have proposed a muon EDM search experiment employing the frozen-spin technique, where a radial electric field is exerted within a storage solenoid to cancel the muon’s anomalous spin precession. Consequently, the EDM signal can be inferred from the upstream-downstream asymmetry of the decay positron count versus time. The experiment is planned to take place in two phases, anticipating an annual statistical sensitivity of 3×1021e·cm for Phase I and 6×1023e·cm for Phase II. Going beyond 1021e·cm will enable us to probe various Standard Model extensions. Full article
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7 pages, 782 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Probing Light Mediators and Neutrino Electromagnetic Moments with Atomic Radiative Emission of Neutrino Pairs
by Shao-Feng Ge and Pedro Pasquini
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008051 - 06 Sep 2023
Viewed by 372
Abstract
We present the novel idea of using the atomic radiative emission of neutrino pairs to test physics beyond the Standard Model, including light vector/scalar mediators and the anomalous neutrino electromagnetic moments. With O(eV) momentum transfer, atomic transitions are particularly sensitive to light [...] Read more.
We present the novel idea of using the atomic radiative emission of neutrino pairs to test physics beyond the Standard Model, including light vector/scalar mediators and the anomalous neutrino electromagnetic moments. With O(eV) momentum transfer, atomic transitions are particularly sensitive to light mediators and can improve their coupling strength sensitivity by 3∼4 orders of magnitude. In particular, the massless photon belongs to this category. The projected sensitivity with respect to neutrino electromagnetic moments is competitive with dark matter experiments. Most importantly, neutrino pair emission provides the possibility of separating the electric and magnetic moments, even identifying their individual elements, which is not possible by existing observations. Full article
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6 pages, 693 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Pion–Argon Inclusive Cross-Section Measurement on ProtoDUNE-SP
by Yinrui Liu
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008052 - 08 Sep 2023
Viewed by 546
Abstract
The pion–argon cross-section measurement is crucial to understanding effects such as final state interactions, which account for a large source of systematic uncertainty in neutrino oscillation experiments. ProtoDUNE-SP, with its beam of charged particles, can provide such experimental constraints. This paper elaborates on [...] Read more.
The pion–argon cross-section measurement is crucial to understanding effects such as final state interactions, which account for a large source of systematic uncertainty in neutrino oscillation experiments. ProtoDUNE-SP, with its beam of charged particles, can provide such experimental constraints. This paper elaborates on the methodology to measure the cross-section on large-scale liquid argon time projection chambers like ProtoDUNE-SP. We use the 1 GeV Monte-Carlo (MC) sample to demonstrate the analysis procedures. The cross-section measurements for pion kinetic energy ranging from 350 MeV to 950 MeV are performed on the MC sample. The consistency of the MC results with its input values serves as validation of the method and the procedures, which we will later use to perform measurements on the data sample. Full article
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6 pages, 1143 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
T2K Oscillation Analysis Results: Latest Analysis Improvements at the Far Detector
by Kenji Yasutome on behalf of the T2K Collaboration
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008053 - 11 Sep 2023
Viewed by 403
Abstract
T2K (Tokai to Kamioka) is a long baseline neutrino experiment that exploits a neutrino and antineutrino beam produced at the Japan Particle Accelerator Research Centre (J-PARC) to provide world-leading measurements of the parameters governing neutrino oscillation. Neutrino oscillations are analyzed by tuning the [...] Read more.
T2K (Tokai to Kamioka) is a long baseline neutrino experiment that exploits a neutrino and antineutrino beam produced at the Japan Particle Accelerator Research Centre (J-PARC) to provide world-leading measurements of the parameters governing neutrino oscillation. Neutrino oscillations are analyzed by tuning the neutrino rates and spectra at a near detector complex, located at J-PARC, and extrapolating them to the water Cherenkov far detector, Super-Kamiokande, located 295 km away, where oscillations are observed. The latest T2K results include multiple analysis improvements, in particular, a new sample is added for the far detector analysis, requiring the presence of a pion in muon-neutrino interactions. This is the first time that a pion sample has been included in the study of neutrino disappearance at T2K and the first time a sample with more than one Cherenkov ring has been included in the T2K oscillation analysis, opening a road for further samples with charged and neutral pion tagging. The inclusion of such a sample enables proper control of the oscillated spectrum in a larger neutrino energy range and on subleading neutrino interaction processes. Finally, T2K is engaged with the Super-Kamiokande collaboration to combine T2K neutrino beam data and Super-Kamiokande atmospheric data to perform a joint fit of the oscillation parameters. Such a combination allows the degeneracies between the measurement of the CP-violating phase δCP and the measurement of the ordering of the neutrino mass eigenstates to be lifted. A precise evaluation of the enhanced sensitivity of this joint fit will be presented. Full article
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6 pages, 505 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Neutrino Oscillations in the Earth: A Unique Tool to Probe Dark Matter Inside the Core
by Anuj Kumar Upadhyay, Anil Kumar, Sanjib Kumar Agarwalla and Amol Dighe
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008054 - 11 Sep 2023
Viewed by 403
Abstract
Atmospheric neutrinos, due to their multi-GeV range of energies and wide range of baselines, can probe into the possible existence of dark matter inside the core of the Earth in a unique way via Earth matter effects in neutrino oscillations. We demonstrate that [...] Read more.
Atmospheric neutrinos, due to their multi-GeV range of energies and wide range of baselines, can probe into the possible existence of dark matter inside the core of the Earth in a unique way via Earth matter effects in neutrino oscillations. We demonstrate that an atmospheric neutrino detector such as the proposed 50 kt Iron Calorimeter detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory with muon charge identification capability can be sensitive to the presence of dark matter at around a 2σ confidence level with 1000 kt·yr exposure if dark matter constitutes 40% of the mass inside the core. We further demonstrate that it is hard to identify the dark matter profile using neutrino oscillations, but the baryonic matter profile inside the core can be explored as a complement to the seismic measurements. Full article
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6 pages, 1796 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Cosmogenic Background Suppression at ICARUS
by Biswaranjan Behera
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008055 - 15 Sep 2023
Viewed by 410
Abstract
The ICARUS detector will search for LSND-like neutrino oscillations exposed at shallow depths to the FNAL BNB beam, acting as the far detector in the short-baseline neutrino (SBN) program. Cosmic background rejection is particularly important for the ICARUS detector due to its larger [...] Read more.
The ICARUS detector will search for LSND-like neutrino oscillations exposed at shallow depths to the FNAL BNB beam, acting as the far detector in the short-baseline neutrino (SBN) program. Cosmic background rejection is particularly important for the ICARUS detector due to its larger size and distance from neutrino production compared to the near detector SBND. In ICARUS, the neutrino signal over the cosmic background ratio is 40 times more unfavorable compared to SBND, partly due to an out-of-spill cosmic rate that is over three times higher. In this paper, we will illustrate techniques for reducing cosmogenic backgrounds in the ICARUS detector with initial commissioning data. Full article
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6 pages, 17361 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
The Search for Short Baseline Neutrino Oscillation with the ICARUS Detector
by Biswaranjan Behera
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008056 - 15 Sep 2023
Viewed by 414
Abstract
The 476-ton active mass ICARUS T-600 Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) is a pioneering development that has become the template for neutrino and rare event detectors, including the massive next-generation international Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment. It began operation in 2010 at the [...] Read more.
The 476-ton active mass ICARUS T-600 Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) is a pioneering development that has become the template for neutrino and rare event detectors, including the massive next-generation international Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment. It began operation in 2010 at the underground Gran Sasso National Laboratories and was transported to Fermilab in the US in 2017. To ameliorate the impact of shallow-depth operation at Fermilab, the detector has been enhanced with the addition of a new high granularity light detection system inside the LAr volume along with an external cosmic ray tagging system. Currently in the final stages of commissioning, ICARUS is the largest LArTPC ever to operate in a neutrino beam. On this note, we describe the current status of the ICARUS detector and its achievements in this presentation, and review the plans for ongoing development of the analysis tools needed to fulfill its physics program. Full article
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6 pages, 5440 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
ESSνSB+ Target Station Concept
by Tamer Tolba and Eric Baussan
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008057 - 18 Sep 2023
Viewed by 356
Abstract
In the search for the CP violation (CPV) in the leptonic sector, crucial information was obtained a decade ago from reactor and accelerator experiments. The discovery and measurement of the third neutrino mixing angle, θ13, with a value ∼9, [...] Read more.
In the search for the CP violation (CPV) in the leptonic sector, crucial information was obtained a decade ago from reactor and accelerator experiments. The discovery and measurement of the third neutrino mixing angle, θ13, with a value ∼9, allow for the possibility to discover the leptonic Dirac CP-violating angle, δCP, with long baseline neutrino Super Beams. ESSνSB is a long-baseline neutrino project that will be able to measure the CPV in the leptonic sector at the second oscillation maximum, where the sensitivity of the experiment is higher compared to that at the first oscillation maximum. The extension project, ESSνSB+, aims to address a very challenging task on measuring the neutrino–nucleon cross-section, which is the dominant term of the systematic uncertainty, in the energy range 0.2–0.6 GeV, using a Low-Energy nuSTORM (LEnuSTORM) and an ENUBET-like Low-Energy Monitored Neutrino Beam (LEMNB) facilities. The target station plays the main role in generating a well defined and focused pion, and hence muon, beam. Full article
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6 pages, 1458 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Photon Detection System for DUNE Low-Energy Physics Study and the Demonstration of a Timing Resolution of a Few Nanoseconds Using ProtoDUNE-SP PDS
by Ajib Paudel
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008058 - 18 Sep 2023
Viewed by 441
Abstract
Photon detection systems (PDS) are an integral part of liquid-argon neutrino detectors. Besides providing the timing information for an event, which is necessary for reconstructing the drift coordinates of ionizing particle tracks, photon detectors can be effectively used for other purposes, including triggering [...] Read more.
Photon detection systems (PDS) are an integral part of liquid-argon neutrino detectors. Besides providing the timing information for an event, which is necessary for reconstructing the drift coordinates of ionizing particle tracks, photon detectors can be effectively used for other purposes, including triggering events, background rejection, and calorimetric energy estimation. PDS in particular for the DUNE Far Detector Module 2 is designed to achieve a more extended optical coverage (→4 π) with new-generation large-size PD modules based on the ARAPUCA technology. This will provide enhanced opportunities for the study of low-energy neutrino physics using PDS. The ARAPUCA technology was extensively tested within the ProtoDUNE-SP detector operated at the CERN neutrino platform. Here, we present a study of the timing resolution of ARAPUCA detectors using light emitted from a sample of energetic cosmic ray muons traveling parallel to the PDS. An intrinsic timing resolution in the order of 3 ns is observed for the ARAPUCA detectors. The excellent timing resolution ability of PDS can be exploited for further enhancing physics studies using the DUNE far detectors. Full article
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6 pages, 1891 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
A Pion-Production Target for Mu2e-II: Design and Prototype
by David Neuffer, Ingrid Fang, Ao Liu, Kevin Lynch, Stefan Mueller, Vitaly Pronskikh, James Popp and David Pushka
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008059 - 20 Sep 2023
Viewed by 423
Abstract
The higher beam intensity available for Mu2e-II will require a substantially different target design. This paper discusses our recent advances in conceptual R&D for a Mu2e-II target station. The design is based on energy deposition and radiation damage simulations, as well as thermal [...] Read more.
The higher beam intensity available for Mu2e-II will require a substantially different target design. This paper discusses our recent advances in conceptual R&D for a Mu2e-II target station. The design is based on energy deposition and radiation damage simulations, as well as thermal and mechanical analyses, to estimate the survivability of the system. We considered rotated targets, fixed granular targets and a novel conveyor target with tungsten or carbon spherical elements that are circulated through the beam path. The motion of the spheres can be generated either mechanically or both mechanically and by a He gas flow. The simulations identified the conveyor target as the preferred approach, and that approach has been developed into a prototype. We describe this first prototype for the Mu2e-II target and report on its mechanical tests performed at Fermilab, which indicate the feasibility of the design, and discuss its challenges as well as suggest directions for further improvement. Full article
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5 pages, 1450 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
SBND Trigger System: Status and MTC/A Configuration
by G. V. Stenico
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008060 - 26 Sep 2023
Viewed by 377
Abstract
We present a brief description of the Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND) hardware trigger system. The SBND experiment is a liquid argon neutrino detector that sits on the central axis of the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB), located at Fermilab. The detector is currently being [...] Read more.
We present a brief description of the Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND) hardware trigger system. The SBND experiment is a liquid argon neutrino detector that sits on the central axis of the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB), located at Fermilab. The detector is currently being assembled and is expected to start operating in 2023. Neutrinos delivered by the BNB will interact with liquid argon inside the SBND, producing charge and scintillation light that will be collected, respectively, by the charge collection wires and the photon detection system. SBND will record over a million neutrino interaction events per year while simultaneously being exposed to a large flux of cosmic ray interactions. It is imperative to determine which events in the detector are of interest for analysis. This is the work of the SBND trigger system, which receives several prompt inputs, discriminates these inputs and qualifies them to form a trigger decision. In this work, we will focus on the general overview of the trigger system for SBND, and, specifically, we describe the configuration of the Analog Master Trigger Card used in the photon detection trigger. Full article
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4 pages, 246 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Favourable Conditions for Majorana Phase Appearance in Neutrino Oscillation Probabilities
by Khushboo Dixit, Akhila Kumar Pradhan and S. Uma Sankar
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008061 - 08 Oct 2023
Viewed by 474
Abstract
The Majorana phases of neutrino mixing matrix do not appear either in vacuum or in matter modified oscillation probabilities. It was previously shown that for some particular forms of decoherence, the neutrino oscillations do depend on Majorana phases. Here, we show that such [...] Read more.
The Majorana phases of neutrino mixing matrix do not appear either in vacuum or in matter modified oscillation probabilities. It was previously shown that for some particular forms of decoherence, the neutrino oscillations do depend on Majorana phases. Here, we show that such dependence also occurs for neutrino decay scenarios where mass eigenstates are not the decay eigenstates. We calculate two flavour survival/oscillation probabilities in such a scenario and discuss their CP and CPT properties. Full article
7 pages, 6869 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Measurement of Atmospheric Muon Neutrino Disappearance Using CNN Reconstructions with IceCube
by Shiqi Yu
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008062 - 08 Oct 2023
Viewed by 369
Abstract
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a Cherenkov detector located at the South Pole, instrumenting a cubic kilometer of ice. The DeepCore subdetector is located at the lower center of the IceCube array, and has denser configuration that has improved ability to see GeV-scale [...] Read more.
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a Cherenkov detector located at the South Pole, instrumenting a cubic kilometer of ice. The DeepCore subdetector is located at the lower center of the IceCube array, and has denser configuration that has improved ability to see GeV-scale neutrinos in the detector. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are used to reconstruct neutrino interactions in DeepCore, achieving comparable performance to the current likelihood-based method but with roughly 3000 times faster processing speeds. In this study, we present a preliminary atmospheric muon neutrino disappearance analysis using the CNN-reconstructed neutrino sample, and the sensitivity to neutrino oscillation parameter measurements is shown and compared to the recent IceCube results. Full article
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7 pages, 1363 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Machine Learning Techniques to Enhance Event Reconstruction in Water Cherenkov Detectors
by Nicholas Prouse, Patrick de Perio and Wojciech Fedorko
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008063 - 13 Oct 2023
Viewed by 565
Abstract
Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) is the next-generation water Cherenkov neutrino experiment, building on the success of its predecessor Super-Kamiokande. To match the increased precision and reduced statistical errors of the new detectors, improvements to event reconstruction and event selection are required to suppress backgrounds and [...] Read more.
Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) is the next-generation water Cherenkov neutrino experiment, building on the success of its predecessor Super-Kamiokande. To match the increased precision and reduced statistical errors of the new detectors, improvements to event reconstruction and event selection are required to suppress backgrounds and minimise systematic errors. Machine learning has the potential to provide these enhancements, enabling the precision measurements that Hyper-K aims to perform. This paper provides an overview of the areas where machine learning is being explored for Hyper-K’s water Cherenkov detectors. Results using various network architectures are presented, along with comparisons to traditional methods and a discussion of the challenges and future plans for applying machine learning techniques. Full article
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6 pages, 1266 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Structure Functions and Tau Neutrino Cross Section at DUNE Far Detector
by Barbara Yaeggy
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008064 - 17 Oct 2023
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Abstract
DUNE’s Argon time-projecting chambers (TPC) detectors will allow us to conduct precise studies about phenomena that have, until now, seemed too challenging to measure, like tau neutrino (ντ) interactions. Cross section measurements are needed to understand how accurate our neutrino-nucleus [...] Read more.
DUNE’s Argon time-projecting chambers (TPC) detectors will allow us to conduct precise studies about phenomena that have, until now, seemed too challenging to measure, like tau neutrino (ντ) interactions. Cross section measurements are needed to understand how accurate our neutrino-nucleus interaction models are and how accurately we can use them to reconstruct neutrino energy. Quasi-elastic scattering (QE), Δ resonance production (RES), and deep inelastic scattering (DIS) processes are known to provide dominant contributions in the medium and high neutrino energy to the total cross-section of ντ(N) and ν¯τ(N). These cross-sections have large systematic uncertainties compared to the ones measured for νμ and νe and their antiparticles. Studies point out that the reason for these differences is due to the model dependence of the ντ(N) cross-sections in treating the nuclear medium effects described by the nucleon structure functions, F1N,,3N(x,Q2) for νμ and νe. These proceedings show the semi-theoretical and experimental approach to the estimation of the ντ(N) and ν¯τ(N) cross-sections in DUNE for the DIS region. We will check the contributions of the additional nucleon structure functions F4N(x,Q2) and F5N(x,Q2) and their dependence on Q2 and Bjorken-x scale. Full article
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7 pages, 905 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
The Design of the ENUBET Beamline
by E. G. Parozzi, F. Acerbi, I. Angelis, L. Bomben, M. Bonesini, F. Bramati, A. Branca, C. Brizzolari, G. Brunetti, M. Calviani, S. Carturan, M. G. Catanesi, S. Cecchini, N. Charitonidis, F. Cindolo, G. Cogo, G. Collazuol, F. Dal Corso, C. Delogu, G. De Rosa, A. Falcone, B. Goddard, A. Gola, L. Halić, F. Iacob, C. Jollet, V. Kain, A. Kallitsopoulou, B. Klicek, Y. Kudenko, C. Lampoudis, M. Laveder, P. Legou, A. Longhin, L. Ludovici, E. Lutsenko, L. Magaletti, G. Mandrioli, S. Marangoni, A. Margotti, V. Mascagna, N. Mauri, L. Meazza, A. Meregaglia, M. Mezzetto, M. Nessi, A. Paoloni, M. Pari, T. Papaevangelou, L. Pasqualini, G. Paternoster, L. Patrizii, M. Pozzato, M. Prest, F. Pupilli, E. Radicioni, A. C. Ruggeri, D. Sampsonidis, C. Scian, G. Sirri, M. Stipcevic, M. Tenti, F. Terranova, M. Torti, S. E. Tzamarias, E. Vallazza, F. Velotti and L. Votanoadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008065 - 19 Oct 2023
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Abstract
The ENUBET project aims to reduce the flux-related systematics to 1% on a narrow band neutrino beam through monitoring the associated charged leptons in an instrumented decay tunnel. A key element of the project is the design of a meson transfer line with [...] Read more.
The ENUBET project aims to reduce the flux-related systematics to 1% on a narrow band neutrino beam through monitoring the associated charged leptons in an instrumented decay tunnel. A key element of the project is the design of a meson transfer line with conventional magnets that maximize the yield of K+ and π+ while minimizing the total length to reduce meson decay outside the instrumented region. In order to limit particle rates in the tunnel instrumentation, a high level of beam collimation is needed, thus allowing non-decayed mesons to reach the end of the tunnel. At the same time, fine-tuning of the shielding and the collimators is required to minimize any beam-induced background in the decay region. The magnetic lattice is optimized with TRANSPORT. The focusing of mesons from the target is performed with a static (quadrupole-based) system that, coupled with a slow proton extraction scheme, allows for a significant pile-up reduction at the tunnel instrumentation while retaining a particle yield large enough for high-precision neutrino cross-section measurements on a 3 year time scale. Charge and momentum selection in an 8.5GeV ± 10% momentum bite is performed by a double dipole system. Shielding elements are optimized with full simulation of the facility in Geant4. In particular, a powerful genetic algorithm is used to scan the parameter space of the collimators automatically in order to find a configuration that minimizes the halo background in the decay tunnel while preserving a large meson yield. This contribution will report the results of the optimization studies and the final design of the ENUBET beamline, together with dose estimation through a FLUKA simulation. The design of an alternative secondary beamline with a broad momentum range (4, 6, and 8.5 GeV/c) that could enhance the physics reach of the facility is additionally discussed. Full article
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5 pages, 555 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Oscillation and Decay of Neutrinos in Matter: An Analytic Treatment
by Dibya S. Chattopadhyay, Kaustav Chakraborty, Amol Dighe and Srubabati Goswami
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008066 - 30 Oct 2023
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Abstract
We present compact analytic expressions for neutrino propagation probabilities in matter, with effects from the invisible decay of the ν3 mass eigenstate included. These will be directly relevant for long-baseline experiments. The inclusion of decay leads to a non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonian, with [...] Read more.
We present compact analytic expressions for neutrino propagation probabilities in matter, with effects from the invisible decay of the ν3 mass eigenstate included. These will be directly relevant for long-baseline experiments. The inclusion of decay leads to a non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonian, with the Hermitian part corresponding to oscillation, and the anti-Hermitian part representing the decay. In the presence of matter, the two components invariably become non-commuting. We employ the Cayley–Hamilton theorem to calculate the neutrino oscillation probabilities in constant density matter. The analytic results obtained provide a physical understanding of the possible effects of neutrino decay on these probabilities. Certain non-intuitive features like an increase in the survival probability P(νμνμ) at its oscillation dips may be explained using our analytic expressions. Full article
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9 pages, 12044 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Neutrino Oscillations and CP Violation with the European Spallation Source Neutrino Super Beam
by Marcos Dracos
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008067 - 31 Oct 2023
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Abstract
The European project ESSνSB, after a four-year feasibility study, has demonstrated that a neutrino facility based on the European Spallation Source and operated at the second oscillation maximum is not only compatible with the under construction neutron facility, but it also [...] Read more.
The European project ESSνSB, after a four-year feasibility study, has demonstrated that a neutrino facility based on the European Spallation Source and operated at the second oscillation maximum is not only compatible with the under construction neutron facility, but it also has a very high physics performance in the sector of discovery of CP violation in the leptonic sector and measurement of the CP-violating phase with high precision. This has been obtained by well optimising all parts of this neutrino facility going from the ESS proton linac up to the location of the neutrino far detector. Here, a summary of all these efforts based on the already published Conceptual Design Report is reported. A continuation of this work has recently been approved by EU. This new project includes investigations of implementation of low energy nuSTORM and ENUBET for cross-section measurements and sterile neutrino searches. Both options use mainly muons produced together with neutrinos. This “muon” orientation gives a new dimension to the project, enhancing its probability to be approved in the future. Full article
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6 pages, 1846 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Beyond the Standard Model New Physics Searches with SBND
by Supraja Balasubramanian
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008068 - 08 Nov 2023
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Abstract
SBND (Short-Baseline Near Detector) is a 112-ton liquid argon time projection chamber located on the Booster Neutrino Beam at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, and is the near detector of the Short-Baseline Neutrino program. The primary goals of SBND are to provide flux constraints [...] Read more.
SBND (Short-Baseline Near Detector) is a 112-ton liquid argon time projection chamber located on the Booster Neutrino Beam at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, and is the near detector of the Short-Baseline Neutrino program. The primary goals of SBND are to provide flux constraints for sterile neutrino searches, conduct world-leading neutrino cross-section measurements on argon, and perform Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) new physics searches with its high-precision particle identification capabilities. SBND’s prospects and tools for detecting a variety of BSM phenomena produced in a neutrino beam, such as sub-GeV dark matter, dark neutrinos, heavy neutral leptons and millicharged particles, are discussed. Full article
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5 pages, 1680 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
ESS Neutrino Super Beam ESSνSB Design and Performance for Precision Measurements of the Leptonic CP Violating Phase δCP
by Tord Ekelöf
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008069 - 28 Nov 2023
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Abstract
A design study ESSνSB was carried out during the years 2018–2021 concerning how the five MW linear proton accelerators of the European Spallation Source, which are currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, can be used to generate a world-unique, intense neutrino Super Beam [...] Read more.
A design study ESSνSB was carried out during the years 2018–2021 concerning how the five MW linear proton accelerators of the European Spallation Source, which are currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, can be used to generate a world-unique, intense neutrino Super Beam for precision measurements of the leptonic CP violating phase δCP. As there are definite limits, which are related to uncertainties in neutrino–nucleus interaction modeling, to how far the systematic errors in such measurements can be reduced, the method chosen in this project is to make the measurements at the second oscillation maximum, where the CP violation signal is close to three times larger than at the first, whereas the systematic errors are approximately the same at the two maxima. As the second maximum is located three times further away from the neutrino source than the first maximum, a higher neutrino beam intensity and thus a higher proton driver power are required when measuring at the second maximum. The unique high power of the ESS proton linac will allow for the measurements to be made at the second maximum and thereby for the most precise measurements of the leptonic CP violation phase δCP to be made. This paper describes the results of the work made on the conceptual design of ESSνSB layout, infrastructure, and components as well as the evaluation of the physics performance for leptonic CP violation discovery and, in particular, the precision in the measurement of δCP. Full article
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8 pages, 2328 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Searches for Dark Matter in the Galactic Halo and Extragalactic Sources with IceCube
by Minjin Jeong
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008070 - 05 Dec 2023
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Abstract
Although there is overwhelming evidence for the existence of dark matter, the nature of dark matter remains largely unknown. Neutrino telescopes are powerful tools to search indirectly for dark matter, through the detection of neutrinos produced during dark matter decay or annihilation processes. [...] Read more.
Although there is overwhelming evidence for the existence of dark matter, the nature of dark matter remains largely unknown. Neutrino telescopes are powerful tools to search indirectly for dark matter, through the detection of neutrinos produced during dark matter decay or annihilation processes. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic-kilometer-scale neutrino telescope located under 1.5 km of ice near the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. Various dark matter searches were performed with IceCube over the last decade, providing strong constraints on dark matter models. In this contribution, we present the latest results from IceCube as well as ongoing analyses using IceCube data, focusing on the works that look at the Galactic Halo, nearby galaxies, and galaxy clusters. Full article
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4 pages, 15553 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Three-Dimensional Visualization of Astronomy Data Using Virtual Reality
by Gilles Ferrand
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008071 - 05 Dec 2023
Viewed by 305
Abstract
Visualization is an essential part of research, both to explore one’s data and to communicate one’s findings with others. Many data products in astronomy come in the form of multi-dimensional cubes, and since our brains are tuned for recognition in a 3D world, [...] Read more.
Visualization is an essential part of research, both to explore one’s data and to communicate one’s findings with others. Many data products in astronomy come in the form of multi-dimensional cubes, and since our brains are tuned for recognition in a 3D world, we ought to display and manipulate these in 3D space. This is possible with virtual reality (VR) devices. Drawing from our experiments developing immersive and interactive 3D experiences from actual science data at the Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory (ABBL), this paper gives an overview of the opportunities and challenges that are awaiting astrophysicists in the burgeoning VR space. It covers both software and hardware matters, as well as practical aspects for successful delivery to the public. Full article
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6 pages, 515 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Development of a Clock Generation and Time Distribution System for Hyper-Kamiokande
by Lucile Mellet, Mathieu Guigue, Boris Popov, Stefano Russo and Vincent Voisin
Phys. Sci. Forum 2023, 8(1), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008072 - 18 Jan 2024
Viewed by 257
Abstract
The construction of the next-generation water Cherenkov detector Hyper-Kamiokande (HK) has started. It will have about a ten times larger fiducial volume compared to the existing Super-Kamiokande detector, as well as increased detection performances. The data collection process is planned from 2027 onwards. [...] Read more.
The construction of the next-generation water Cherenkov detector Hyper-Kamiokande (HK) has started. It will have about a ten times larger fiducial volume compared to the existing Super-Kamiokande detector, as well as increased detection performances. The data collection process is planned from 2027 onwards. Time stability is crucial, as detecting physics events relies on reconstructing Cherenkov rings based on the coincidence between the photomultipliers. The above requires a distributed clock jitter at each endpoint that is smaller than 100 ps. In addition, since this detector will be mainly used to detect neutrinos produced by the J-PARC accelerator in Tokai, each event needs to be timed-tagged with a precision better than 100 ns, with respect to UTC, in order to be associated with a proton spill from J-PARC or the events observed in other detectors for multi-messenger astronomy. The HK collaboration is in an R&D phase and several groups are working in parallel for the electronics system. This proceeding will present the studies performed at LPNHE (Paris) related to a novel design for the time synchronization system in Kamioka with respect to the previous KamiokaNDE series of experiments. We will discuss the clock generation, including the connection scheme between the GNSS receiver (Septentrio) and the atomic clock (free-running Rubidium), the precise calibration of the atomic clock and algorithms to account for errors on satellites orbits, the redundancy of the system, and a two-stage distribution system that sends the clock and various timing-sensitive information to each front-end electronics module, using a custom protocol. Full article
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