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Editorial

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2 pages, 162 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Biology and Life Sciences Forum in 2021

by Biology and Life Sciences Forum Editorial Office

Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2022, 10(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022010001 - 29 Jan 2022

Viewed by 1330

Abstract

Rigorous peer-reviews are the basis of high-quality academic publishing [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of Stand Alone Papers 2022)

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2004 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Threats and Challenges for Conservation of Meloidae (Coleoptera) in a Global Change Context, Emphasizing the Iberian Peninsula

by Fernando Cortés-Fossati

Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2022, 10(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/IECE-10495 - 01 Jul 2021

Viewed by 1177

Abstract

Meloidae Gyllenhaal, 1810 (Coleoptera), presents a complex biology, but despite this, after several decades, there have been no significant advances in the understanding of its ecology nor distribution, information on which the most basic conservation tools are based. Furthermore, the discovery of pseudocryptic complexes has made the current situation even more difficult. In this delicate global change scenario, the generation of new knowledge is pressing. A literature study was carried out to summarize for the first time all known impacts. Furthermore, sampling was carried out from 2012 and is still in development, with the help of Citizen Science. At least 32 species are suffering from human impacts, mainly habitat fragmentation due to aggressive urban development and extensive agriculture with the use of pesticides. Concretely, for meloids of the Iberian Peninsula, more than 30% are endemic and many of them threatened: the information is, in general, very limited, with nine species having a greater coverage of information than the rest. Further studies are needed urgently. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of Stand Alone Papers 2022)

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14 pages, 1036 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Measuring miRNA in Livestock Using Sensor Technologies: Challenges and Potential Approaches

by Suresh Neethirajan

Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2022, 10(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022010003 - 01 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1772

Abstract

Globally, the livestock sector represents a $1.4 trillion market employing at least 1.3 billion people. However, the farming of animals for food raises complex questions regarding livestock diseases and their potential impacts on both human health and national and international export trade markets. Early disease detection in livestock allows for targeted treatments, decreasing the antibiotics use, and for advancements in precision veterinary medicine. MicroRNA (miRNA)-driven signaling cascades play a crucial role in the context of farm animal disease diagnostics and prediction, and their proper understanding remains a challenge. Many studies have shown a link between circulating miRNAs and diseases in livestock, including paratuberculosis, foot and mouth disease, and various metabolic diseases. Important information regarding the stage, pathogenesis, and prognosis of a disease may therefore be acquired through the detection and analysis of a small number of miRNAs. Currently, there are no on-farm sensing tools available to detect miRNAs from the bodily fluids of livestock. This review is aimed at demonstrating that circulating miRNAs are powerful biomarkers of disease in livestock and at describing the potential of sensor technologies for their rapid detection. I provide an overview of the recent developments of miRNA sensing and the current bottlenecks in the realization of the sensors for detecting miRNAs as the target analytes for the identification of various livestock diseases. Due to the nascent stages of this research, the exploitation of miRNA as a biomarker opens up ways to move from reactive to predictive possibilities in disease detection via sensor platforms in modern digital livestock farming. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of Stand Alone Papers 2022)

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369 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Volatile Organic Compounds Influence Pine Processionary Moth Behavior

by Jorge M. S. Faria, Ana M. Rodrigues and Sriradha Bhattacharya

Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2022, 10(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/IECE-10527 - 01 Jul 2021

Viewed by 444

Abstract

The pine processionary moth (PPM), namely Thaumetopoea pityocampa or T. wilkinsoni, feeds on pine needles, causing defoliation and promoting tree decline. The production and emission of volatile organic compounds is one of the most effective plant defense mechanisms against herbivory. The present work reviewed available reports on the influence of plant volatiles on PPM behavior. Eighteen volatiles were reported to be detected by the PPM, to inhibit feeding and oviposition, or to reduce attraction to pheromones. High biological activities were reported for limonene or β-pinene enantiomers. Infested pines showed an increased production of bornyl acetate, β-pinene and caryophyllene oxide. Uncovering the volatile cues that influence parasitic PPM behavior provides an important contribution to the establishment of safer pest-management practices to control this pine pest. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of Stand Alone Papers 2022)

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