Relationship of Population Attributes of a Dominant Macrofaunal Species with Environmental Conditions in a Eutrophic Estuary (Guanabara Bay, Brazil)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Biological and Environmental Sampling
2.3. Analyses of Environmental Variables
2.4. Analyses of Biological Data
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Environmental Data
3.2. Biological Data
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Environmental Pollutant (mg kg−1 Sediment) | Dry Season | Rainy Season | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Metal | Cr | 158.3 (±100.36) 1,2 | 227.5 (±76.43) 1,2,3 | [40,45] |
Cu | 77.7 (±15.63)1 | 65.5 (±14.53) 1 | ||
Ni | 54.3 (±3.30) | 91.25 (±17.01) | ||
Pb | 80.7 (±4.19) 1 | 88.0 (±8.12) 1 | ||
Zn | 310.0 (±53.54) 1,2 | 547.5 (±436.47) 1,2,3 | ||
Hydrocarbon | Total aliphatics | 624.0 (±313.46) | 442.75 (±156.69) | [46] |
UCM | 585.5 (±295.75) | 411.5 (±141.97) | ||
Organotin compound | Sn | 298.0 (±106.63) 1 | 456.9 (±171.6) 1 | [47] |
Environmental Variable | Warm-Rainy | Intermediate | Cold-Dry | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Min-Max | Mean (±SD) | Min-Max | Mean (±SD) | Min-Max | Mean (±SD) | ||
Atmosphere | Temperature (°C) | 13.9–38.4 | 24.70 (±4.21) | 12.1–36.1 | 22.47 (±4.45) | 8.5–36.6 | 19.77 (±5.03) |
Rainfall (mm) | 62.8–220.9 | 112.97 (±55.77) | 109.8–164.5 | 130.8 (±29.48) | 9.3–40.8 | 24.73 (±14.54) | |
Superficial water | Dissolved oxygen (mg L−1) | 3.34–7.15 | 4.41 (±1.62) * | 2.70–4.96 | 3.83 (±1.57) * | 2.37–8.0 | 4.39 (±2.58) * |
pH | 7.90–8.15 | 8.03 (±0.18) | 7.82–7.87 | 7.85 (±0.03) | 7.71–8.25 | 7.98 (±0.38) | |
Ammonium—NH4 (mg L−1) | 0.274–1.48 | 0.578 (±0.513) ** | 1.142–1.752 | 1.447 (±0.431) * | 0.667–2.30 | 1.51 (±0.788) ** | |
Nitrate—NO3 (mg L−1) | 0.101–0.40 | 0.224 (±0.126) | 0.187–0.339 | 0.263 (±0.107) | 0.321–0.644 | 0.478 (±0.171) ** | |
Nitrite—NO2 (mg L−1) | 0.035–0.552 | 0.234 (±0.27) ** | 0.010–0.011 | 0.011 (±0.001) | 0.004–0.111 | 0.048 (±0.052) | |
Phosphate—PO4 (mg L−1) | 0.190–0.315 | 0.242 (±0.05) ** | 0.280–0.419 | 0.349 (±0.098) ** | 0.150–1.01 | 0.478 (±0.388) ** | |
Silicate—SiO4 (mg L−1) | 0.09–1.29 | 0.469 (±0.482) | 0.861–0.995 | 0.928 (±0.095) | 0.194–0.999 | 0.687 (±0.345) | |
Bottom water | Water temperature (°C) | 20.0–21.1 | 20.7 (±0.54) | 20.0–23.8 | 21.93 (±1.90) | 22.3–26.0 | 23.45 (±1.73) |
Salinity (S) | 30–37.2 | 32.68 (±2.85) | 28–36.4 | 30.97 (±4.71) | 29.7–38.0 | 35.05 (±3.87) | |
Dissolved oxygen (mg L−1) | 3.56–5.19 | 4.44 (±0.67)* | 2.49–5.83 | 4.14 (±1.66) * | 2.96–6.35 | 4.57 (±1.40) * | |
pH | 7.95–8.1 | 8.03 (±0.11) | 7.84–7.93 | 7.88 (±0.06) | 8.0–8.16 | 8.08 (±0.11) | |
Ammonium—NH4 (mg L−1) | 0.125–1.325 | 0.427 (±0.481) ** | 0.667–1.613 | 1.009 (±0.524) ** | 0.599–0.776 | 0.664 (±0.079) ** | |
Nitrate—NO3 (mg L−1) | 0.130–0.248 | 0.188 (±0.05) | 0.197–0.310 | 0.268 (±0.062) | 0.372–0.608 | 0.475 (±0.117) ** |
Sampling Month | Density (ind. m−2) | Egg Density (103 Egg m−2) | Fecundity | Incidence (%) | Index | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Recruits | Male | Female | Shell Deformity | Imposex | FPLI | RPLI | |||
March 2011 | 15,924 | 243 | 6262 | 9394 | 1048 | 111.6 | 0.43 | 3.42 | 0.001 | 6.73 |
April 2011 | 6146 | 36 | 2261 | 3849 | 254.3 | 66.1 | 0 | 1.6 | 0.001 | 6.73 |
May 2011 | 2793 | 141 | 981 | 1671 | 52.7 | 31.5 | 0.62 | 11.1 | 0.007 | 14.35 |
June 2011 | 39,420 | 3101 | 13,438 | 22,881 | 0.016 | 0 | 0 | 6.6 | 0.024 | 40.78 |
July 2011 | 8593 | 351 | 3050 | 5192 | 429.0 | 82.6 | 0.68 | 3.8 | 0.011 | 25.38 |
August 2011 | 4936 | 0 | 1826 | 3110 | 247.2 | 79.5 | 1.86 | 4.5 | 0.007 | 16.04 |
September 2011 | 9756 | 120 | 3565 | 6071 | 2350 | 387.2 | 2.77 | 1.6 | 0.011 | 51.79 |
October 2011 | 7906 | 77 | 2897 | 4932 | 1992 | 403.9 | 4.37 | 3.5 | 0.021 | 46.67 |
November 2011 | 3110 | 0 | 1151 | 1959 | 3619 | 1847 | 4.57 | 1.9 | 0.011 | 32.61 |
December 2011 | 12,426 | 107 | 4558 | 7761 | 6579 | 847.8 | 4.76 | 2.0 | 0.008 | 43.37 |
January 2012 | 872 | 23 | 314 | 535 | 87.8 | 164.1 | 15.93 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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Neves, R.A.F.; Santos, L.N.; Figueiredo, G.M.; Valentin, J.L. Relationship of Population Attributes of a Dominant Macrofaunal Species with Environmental Conditions in a Eutrophic Estuary (Guanabara Bay, Brazil). Coasts 2023, 3, 24-44. https://doi.org/10.3390/coasts3010003
Neves RAF, Santos LN, Figueiredo GM, Valentin JL. Relationship of Population Attributes of a Dominant Macrofaunal Species with Environmental Conditions in a Eutrophic Estuary (Guanabara Bay, Brazil). Coasts. 2023; 3(1):24-44. https://doi.org/10.3390/coasts3010003
Chicago/Turabian StyleNeves, Raquel A. F., Luciano N. Santos, Gisela M. Figueiredo, and Jean L. Valentin. 2023. "Relationship of Population Attributes of a Dominant Macrofaunal Species with Environmental Conditions in a Eutrophic Estuary (Guanabara Bay, Brazil)" Coasts 3, no. 1: 24-44. https://doi.org/10.3390/coasts3010003