Advances in Respiratory Medicine

311 KiB

Open AccessGuidelines

Standards for Diagnosis and Care of Patients with Inherited Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Recommendations of the Polish Respiratory Society, Polish Society of Pediatric Pulmonology and Polish Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology

by Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko, Agnieszka Bakuła, Marek Kulus, Paweł Kuca, Ewa Niżankowska-Mogilnicka, Marek Sanak, Piotr Socha and Paweł Śliwiński

Adv. Respir. Med. 2016, 84(3), 193-202; https://doi.org/10.5603/PiAP.2016.0023 - 28 May 2016

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 358

Abstract

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is the most common genetic disorder in the adult popu-lation of European descent [...] Full article

188 KiB

Open AccessReview

Comorbidities in Lung Cancer

by Agata Ewa Dutkowska and Adam Antczak

Adv. Respir. Med. 2016, 84(3), 186-192; https://doi.org/10.5603/PiAP.2016.0022 - 28 May 2016

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 1207

Abstract

Comorbidity is the occurrence of concomitant disease in addition to an index disease of interest or the simultaneous occurrence of multiple diseases in an individual. Lung cancer is associated with age and smoking, and both age and smoking are strongly associated with comorbidity. [...] Read more.

Comorbidity is the occurrence of concomitant disease in addition to an index disease of interest or the simultaneous occurrence of multiple diseases in an individual. Lung cancer is associated with age and smoking, and both age and smoking are strongly associated with comorbidity. Lung cancer is the most common malignancy in the world. Comorbidity, such as diseases of cardiovascular, pulmonary and other systems may influence prognosis in lung cancer as well as complicate its treatment. In this paper we tried to conclude the significance of the individual comorbidities in lung cancer and their impact on particular treatment method. Full article

361 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Pulmonary Mycotic Pseudo-Aneurysm with a Prior History of Ventricular Septal Defect. Case Report with Review of Literature

by Vishal Walasangikar, Amit Kumar Dey, Rajaram Sharma, Vivek Murumkar, Rohit Gadewar, Priya Hira and Kartik Mittal

Adv. Respir. Med. 2016, 84(3), 178-180; https://doi.org/10.5603/PiAP.2016.0021 - 28 May 2016

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 323

Abstract

In general aneurysms of the pulmonary arteries are less frequent than intracranial, aortic or other vascular locations. Infectious causes include bacteria such as Staphylococcus sp and Streptococcus sp, mycobacteria, Treponema pallidium (syphilis) and rarely fungi. We report a 7 year old female with [...] Read more.

In general aneurysms of the pulmonary arteries are less frequent than intracranial, aortic or other vascular locations. Infectious causes include bacteria such as Staphylococcus sp and Streptococcus sp, mycobacteria, Treponema pallidium (syphilis) and rarely fungi. We report a 7 year old female with two right-sided parahilar pseudo-aneurysm of fungal origin with a prior history of ventricular septal defect. Pulmonary mycotic pseudo-aneurysms are very rare and require a high suspicion to diagnose. If a patient is still symptomatic for fever and cough for a long time, and consolidation on x-ray is not improving on antibiotics, contrast-enhanced computed tomography is indicated. It can be suspected that the „friable mass attached to ventricular septal defect patch” was a source of fungeal emboli to pulmonary arteries thus giving weight to the infective endocarditis etiology. A prior history of ventricular septal defect repair could favour fungal endocarditis. Full article

1762 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

A Case of DIPNECH Presenting as Usual Interstitial Pneumonia

by Kshitij Chatterjee, Jorge Jo Kamimoto, Andrew Dunn, Penchala Mittadodla and Manish Joshi

Adv. Respir. Med. 2016, 84(3), 174-177; https://doi.org/10.5603/PiAP.2016.0020 - 28 May 2016

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 368

Abstract

Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) is a rare disease that is classically described as presenting with cough, dyspnea, and wheezing in non-smoker middle aged females. Pulmonary function tests commonly demonstrate an obstructive pattern and CT of chest usually reveals diffuse air [...] Read more.

Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) is a rare disease that is classically described as presenting with cough, dyspnea, and wheezing in non-smoker middle aged females. Pulmonary function tests commonly demonstrate an obstructive pattern and CT of chest usually reveals diffuse air trapping with mosaic pattern. We present a case of patient with DIPNECH manifesting with restrictive pattern and as usual interstitial pneumonia on imaging. Full article

153 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Interleukins Genes Polymorphisms with Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Ukrainian Population

by Dmytro O. Butov, Mykhaylo M. Kuzhko, Natalia I. Makeeva, Tetyana S. Butova, Hanna L. Stepanenko and Andrii B. Dudnyk

Adv. Respir. Med. 2016, 84(3), 168-173; https://doi.org/10.5603/PiAP.2016.0019 - 28 May 2016

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 409

Abstract

Introduction: Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is a significant health problem in some parts of the world. Three major cytokines involved in TB immunopathogenesis include IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10. The susceptibility to MDR TB may be genetically determined. The aim of the [...] Read more.

Introduction: Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is a significant health problem in some parts of the world. Three major cytokines involved in TB immunopathogenesis include IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10. The susceptibility to MDR TB may be genetically determined. The aim of the study was to assess the association of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 gene polymorphisms with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) in Ukrainian population. Material and methods: We observed 140 patients suffering from infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) and 30 apparently healthy subjects. The patients were assigned to two groups whether they suffer or do not suffer from pulmonary MDR TB. Interleukin gene (IL) polymorphisms, particularly T330G polymorphism in the IL-2 gene, C589T polymorphism in the IL-4 gene and G1082A polymorphism in the IL-10 gene were studied through polymerase chain reaction. Circulating levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in venous blood were estimated using ELISA. Results: Prior to treatment, patients with PT showed significant increase of IL-2 levels and decrease of IL-4 and IL-10 levels compared to apparently healthy subjects. Circulating IL-4 and IL-10 levels were significantly decreased whilst serum IL-2 level was significantly increased in patients with MDR TB compared to non-MDR TB. Low IL-4 and IL-10 secretion and considerable IL-2 alterations were shown to be significantly associated with mutations of homozygous and heterozygous genotypes affecting C589T polymorphism in the IL-4 gene, G1082A polymorphism in the IL-10 gene and T330G polymorphism in the IL-2 gene in patients with PT. Conclusions: Heterozygous genotype and mutations homozygous genotypes gene in polymorphisms determining specified cytokines’ production is a PT risk factor and may lead to disease progression into chronic phase. Heterozygous genotype of aforementioned cytokine genetic polymorphisms was significantly the most frequent in patients with MDR TB. Full article

207 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Pattern and Asthma in India

by Mohammed Noufal Poongadan, Nitesh Gupta and Raj Kumar

Adv. Respir. Med. 2016, 84(3), 160-167; https://doi.org/10.5603/PiAP.2016.0018 - 28 May 2016

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 461

Abstract

Introduction: The study aimed to evaluate the association between food consumption pattern and asthma in Indian population. Material and methods: 125 asthma and corresponding age and sex matched healthy controls were recruited for the purpose of a study. A self- reported [...] Read more.

Introduction: The study aimed to evaluate the association between food consumption pattern and asthma in Indian population. Material and methods: 125 asthma and corresponding age and sex matched healthy controls were recruited for the purpose of a study. A self- reported food-frequency questionnaire (NNR-Dietary Pattern in Asthma Questionnaire) comprising of 80 food and drink items, belonging to 15 groups, was developed based on routine dietary habits and ISAAC phase two and phase three questionnaires. Results: There was no significant difference of gender, height, weight, BMI and socioeconomic status between asthma and control groups (p > 0.05). The consumption of fast food, salted snacks, fried snacks; nuts and dry fruits were significantly higher in asthmatics (p < 0.05). Similarly, there was a tendency to higher consumption of fats and oil, sugar and carbonated drink in asthmatics (p > 0.05). On the contrary, consumption of cereals, milk and milk products, non-vegetarian food, fruits and fruit juice tends to be higher in healthy controls, though neither of them could reach a statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Consumption of fast food, salted snacks, fried snacks, fats and oils nuts, dry fruits, carbonated drinks may be associated with asthma in India. Hence, it is imperative to reduce consumption and increase awareness of influence of fast food on asthma through public health policies. Full article

451 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fungal Infection of Cystic Fibrosis Patients—Single Center Experience

by Barbara Garczewska, Sylwia Jarzynka, Jan Kuś, Wojciech Skorupa and Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć

Adv. Respir. Med. 2016, 84(3), 151-159; https://doi.org/10.5603/PiAP.2016.0017 - 28 May 2016

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 995

Abstract

Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common monogenetic autosomal recessive disease in the human population. This systemic disease is characterized by changes in multiple organs, mainly in the lung tissue and digestive tract. More than 59% of CF patients become sensitized [...] Read more.

Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common monogenetic autosomal recessive disease in the human population. This systemic disease is characterized by changes in multiple organs, mainly in the lung tissue and digestive tract. More than 59% of CF patients become sensitized to fungal spores, mostly Aspergillus fumigatus. 5−15% of CF patients develop allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. The aim of the study was to analyse the occurrence of yeast and filamentous fungi of the respiratory infections in CF patients and evaluation of drug resistance. Material and methods: Between 2006 and 2014, mycological evaluation of 42 patients hospitalized at the National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases was carried out. Results: 217 specimens from pulmonary tract were collected from 42 patients with cystic fibrosis. 205 (68%) strains of yeast and 96 (32%) filamentous fungi strains were cultured. The most common mould strain was A. fumigatus—22.2% (67 species). All isolates of filamentous fungi were in vitro 100% susceptible to itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole and amphotericin B. Conclusions: A. fumigatus and C. albicans were the most common etiological agents of fungal respiratory pathogens associated with CF patients. A. fumigatus strains were in vitro 100% susceptible to azole and amphotericin B. Two strains of C. albicans and one strain of C. tropicalis were non-susceptible to azole (fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole). Scedosporium apiospermum was resistant to amphotericin B (MIC > 32 mg/l) and susceptible to voriconazole (MIC 0.094 mg/l). Full article

189 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prognostic Value of TH1/TH2 Cytokines in Infants with Wheezing in a Three Year Follow-Up Study

by Ivane Chkhaidze, Dali Zirakishvili, Natalia Shavshvishvili and Neli Barnabishvili

Adv. Respir. Med. 2016, 84(3), 145-150; https://doi.org/10.5603/PiAP.2016.0016 - 28 May 2016

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 474

Abstract

Introduction: The immune system is known to play a key role in the development of viral-induced wheeze, but the pattern of cytokine response is not clear. The aim of the study was to determine whether plasma cytokine levels during the acute wheezing [...] Read more.

Introduction: The immune system is known to play a key role in the development of viral-induced wheeze, but the pattern of cytokine response is not clear. The aim of the study was to determine whether plasma cytokine levels during the acute wheezing illness in infants are associated with the subsequent development of persistent recurrent wheezing (PRW). Material and methods: 43 infants admitted to Iashvili Central Children Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia, were selected. The concentrations of IFN-g, TNF-a and IL-6 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Total serum IgE level was also determined. IgM and IgG antibodies to RSV, Chlamydophila pneumonia and Mycoplasma pneumonia were tested by ELISA. All children were followed-up during 3 years period. Results: There was no significant association with PRW and atopy in the infant or parental atopy, low maternal age, low birth weight, serum level of IL-6, serum level of IFN-g, serum level of total IgE and the particular pathogen. There was a tendency for the association with male sex, bottle feeding and household cigarette smoking, although the relation was not significant. There was just TNF-a which was strongly associated with the risk of PRW after three years of follow up. Conclusion: We have identified TNF-a, as a biomarker, which can be detected in children under 3 years of age and may be useful in the prediction of development of persistence of wheezing later. To further evaluate the usefulness of this and other markers and establish cutoff levels for prediction and use in clinical practice, a larger prospective follow-up study is needed. Full article

102 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha as an Asthma Biomarker in Early Childhood

by Paweł Majak

Adv. Respir. Med. 2016, 84(3), 143-144; https://doi.org/10.5603/PiAP.2016.0015 - 28 May 2016

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 266

Abstract

Research on biomarkers of asthma in early childhood could be explained by at least three reasons [...] Full article

555 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Aspergilloma in Atypical Localisation in Severe Asthma Patient—Case Report

by Michał Zieliński, Henryka Mazur-Zielińska and Dariusz Ziora

Adv. Respir. Med. 2016, 84(3), 181-185; https://doi.org/10.5603/PiAP.a2016.0004 - 04 Mar 2016

Viewed by 282

Abstract

Pulmonary aspergillosis is a condition caused by the fungi Aspergillus. The form of disease depends on the immunological condition of the host organism and other concomitant illnesses that influence the pulmonary tissue. Asthmatic patients, in particular with the severe form of disease, [...] Read more.

Pulmonary aspergillosis is a condition caused by the fungi Aspergillus. The form of disease depends on the immunological condition of the host organism and other concomitant illnesses that influence the pulmonary tissue. Asthmatic patients, in particular with the severe form of disease, who require the use of systemic glucocorticoids, are predisposed to develop allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Development of aspergilloma in the lung is preceded by the formation of pathological cavity in the course of another illness. The study reports a case of a severe asthma patient who developed aspergilloma in atypical localisation, without the presence of predisposing anatomical changes and illnesses. Full article

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Adv. Respir. Med., Volume 84, Issue 3 (May 2016) – 10 articles , Pages 143-202

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