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Advances in Respiratory Medicine is published by MDPI from Volume 90 Issue 4 (2022). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Via Medica.

Adv. Respir. Med., Volume 80, Issue 1 (January 2012) – 12 articles , Pages 1-94

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223 KiB  
Editorial
Doktor Wiktoria Maria Werkenthin—Więźniarka KL Auschwitz-Birkenau Numer 64514
by Maria Ciesielska
Adv. Respir. Med. 2012, 80(1), 87-90; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.27618 - 21 Dec 2012
Viewed by 273
Abstract
Wiktoria Maria Werkenthin urodzona 21 lutego 1901 roku w Kordelówce koło Winnicy na Podolu [...] Full article
67 KiB  
Letter
Potrzeba Właściwej Kohortacji Chorych Na Gruźlicę—Komentarz Do Artykułu M. Kozińskiej i Wsp. “Gruźlica Lekooporna Typu MDR, pre-XDR i XDR w Polsce w Latach 2000–2009”
by Tadeusz M. Zielonka
Adv. Respir. Med. 2012, 80(1), 91-94; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.27620 - 21 Dec 2011
Viewed by 268
Abstract
W “Pneumonologii i Alergologii Polskiej” ukazał się bardzo ciekawy artykuł na temat gruźlicy wielolekoopornej [...] Full article
295 KiB  
Case Report
Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: A Case Report
by Anna Stokłosa, Elżbieta Radzikowska, Inga Barańska, Renata Langfort, Adam Nowiński, Dariusz Kamiński and Dorota Górecka
Adv. Respir. Med. 2012, 80(1), 82-86; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.27616 - 21 Dec 2011
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 216
Abstract
Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (APAP) is a rare interstitial lung disease characterised by abnormalities in surfactant metabolism. It is typically diagnosed in the 3rd or 4th decade of life with cough and dyspnoea being the most common manifestations. The condition is generally mild. [...] Read more.
Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (APAP) is a rare interstitial lung disease characterised by abnormalities in surfactant metabolism. It is typically diagnosed in the 3rd or 4th decade of life with cough and dyspnoea being the most common manifestations. The condition is generally mild. The most advanced cases, in which the dyspnoea leads to limitation in daily activity, require treatment, and whole-lung lavage is the treatment of choice. We report a case of a 37-year-old female with incidental diffuse changes on a plain chest X-ray. The initial high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan suggested allergic alveolitis, but due to the oligosymptomatic course of the disease and only mildly abnormal pulmonary function no further diagnostic tests were performed and the patient was left under observation. Due to the persistence of the radiographic abnormalities a decision was made to perform an open lung biopsy. Based on the histopathology results and the presence of antibodies to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) the final diagnosis of APAP was made. Full article
211 KiB  
Case Report
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Mimicking Lung Cancer in a Non-Asthmatic Female Patient: A Case Report
by Urszula Nowicka, Elżbieta Wiatr, Lilia Jakubowska and Małgorzata Polubiec-Kownacka
Adv. Respir. Med. 2012, 80(1), 77-81; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.27615 - 21 Dec 2011
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 268
Abstract
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a lung disease caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to antigens of the Aspergillus species (most frequently Aspergillus fumigatus), with a variable radiographic appearance. ABPA most commonly affects patients with steroid-dependent asthma (1–2%) and patients with cystic fibrosis [...] Read more.
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a lung disease caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to antigens of the Aspergillus species (most frequently Aspergillus fumigatus), with a variable radiographic appearance. ABPA most commonly affects patients with steroid-dependent asthma (1–2%) and patients with cystic fibrosis (5–15%). ABPA is very rarely diagnosed in non-asthmatics. We report a case of ABPA in a 45-year-old female initially evaluated for suspected cancer of the left lung with hilar lymphadenopathy, who had never been diagnosed with asthma. After the diagnostic investigation was complete, the diagnosis of ABPA was established and appropriate treatment was instituted leading to clinical, radiological, and serological improvement (IgE decrease). Full article
138 KiB  
Review
Rola Probiotyków w Profilaktyce i Leczeniu Chorób Alergicznych
by Adriana Roży, Paulina Jaguś and Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko
Adv. Respir. Med. 2012, 80(1), 65-76; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.27617 - 21 Dec 2011
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 295
Abstract
Physiological gastrointestinal microflora dominated by lactic acid bacteria is crucial for the maturation and proper functioning of human immune system. Thus, lactic acid bacteria eradication followed by intestinal colonization by other anaerobes seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of numerous [...] Read more.
Physiological gastrointestinal microflora dominated by lactic acid bacteria is crucial for the maturation and proper functioning of human immune system. Thus, lactic acid bacteria eradication followed by intestinal colonization by other anaerobes seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including allergy. This paper discusses the effect of physiological intestinal microflora on the physiological immune reactivity as well as its immunomodulatory potential. The critical review of current research on the effectiveness of probiotic dietary supplementation in the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases is provided. Full article
187 KiB  
Guidelines
Zalecenia Polskiego Towarzystwa Chorób Płuc Dotyczące Opieki Paliatywnej w Przewlekłych Chorobach Płuc
by Pneumonologia i Alergologia Polska Editorial Office
Adv. Respir. Med. 2012, 80(1), 41-64; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.27619 - 21 Dec 2011
Viewed by 236
Abstract
Przewlekłe choroby płuc stają się istotnym problemem w starzejącym się społeczeństwie Europy i w rozwiniętych krajach innych części świata [...] Full article
249 KiB  
Article
Spirometry: A Comparison of Prediction Equations Proposed by Lubiński for the Polish Population with Those Proposed by the ECSC/ERS and by Falaschetti et al.
by Tomasz Gólczewski
Adv. Respir. Med. 2012, 80(1), 29-40; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.27614 - 21 Dec 2011
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 219
Abstract
Introduction: Prediction equations proposed by the European Community of Steel and Coal (ECSC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) or those proposed by Falaschetti et al. for the English population are currently recommended for use in Poland. The aim of the present study [...] Read more.
Introduction: Prediction equations proposed by the European Community of Steel and Coal (ECSC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) or those proposed by Falaschetti et al. for the English population are currently recommended for use in Poland. The aim of the present study was to compare these equations with those developed by Lubiński and Gólczewski for the Polish population—both in terms of methodological correctness and appropriateness to the present Polish population. Materials and methods: The ECSC/ERS prediction equations, the Falaschetti equations, and the Polish equations (developed on the basis of data on healthy, non-smoking Poles aged 18 to 85 years [1120 men and 1625 women] who underwent spirometry in accordance with the American Thoracic Society [ATS]/ERS recommendations) were compared in terms of methodological correctness. Results: The main flaws in the ECSC/ERS equations include: (a) the a priori assumption that the age from which a given pulmonary function parameter (PFP) begins to decline is the same for all the PFPs and is equal to 25 years; (b) the fact that a single linear equation may not correctly describe age-related changes beyond the age of 25 years; (c) the fact that the lower limits of normal are defined by equations for the mean values minus 1.645 × SD (where SD is the standard deviation for differences between the observed and the expected values); and (d) the fact that the equations were developed a long time ago for previous generations and old spirometry procedures. The main flaws in the Falaschetti equations include: (a) excessive and unnecessary non-linearity of the equations; and (b) inadequate selection of the general population sample (insufficient number of elderly subjects) causing overestimation of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio in elderly subjects. The equations proposed by Lubiński and Golczewski are free from these flaws. In particular, age distribution in the sample was uniform. Moreover, with reference to each of the PFPs: (a) the age from which a given PFP began to decline was mathematically determined together with the other coefficients of the equations; and (b) the statistical significance of the non-linearity of the relationship between age and each of the individual PFPs was analysed. What is more, in the case of the oldest subjects, the Lubiński equations yielded identical results to those obtained by other authors who had thoroughly analysed PFPs in the elderly. Conclusions: The comparison presented in this paper suggests that the equations proposed by Lubiński and Gólczewski should be used in Poland rather than those proposed by ECSC/ERS or Falaschetti et al. Full article
242 KiB  
Article
The Principles of Diagnosis of Churg-Strauss Syndrome, in the Authors’ Experience
by Justyna Fijołek, Elżbieta Wiatr, Dariusz Gawryluk, Renata Langfort, Jarosław Kober, Dorota Piotrowska-Kownacka and Karina Oniszh
Adv. Respir. Med. 2012, 80(1), 20-28; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.27613 - 21 Dec 2011
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 261
Abstract
Background: The diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) poses considerable diagnostic difficulties as the histological confirmation of eosinophilic necrotising vasculitis is obtained in a small number of patients with advanced disease. It therefore seems that CSS may be suspected in patients with asthma and [...] Read more.
Background: The diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) poses considerable diagnostic difficulties as the histological confirmation of eosinophilic necrotising vasculitis is obtained in a small number of patients with advanced disease. It therefore seems that CSS may be suspected in patients with asthma and peripheral blood eosinophilia, and the diagnosis is confirmed by the occurrence of defined clinical manifestations of histologically confirmed or unconfirmed vasculitis. The aim of the paper was to outline the principles of diagnosis of CSS in the authors’ material. Material and methods: We analysed 38 patients. The assessments performed in each patient included complete and differential blood counts, blood biochemistry, urinalysis, chest and paranasal sinus radiographic imaging, and echocardiography. Twenty-two out of 23 patients presenting with cardiac manifestations underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Two patients underwent mediastinoscopy and four underwent laparotomy. Results: Only in 13 out of 38 patients was the diagnosis of CSS was confirmed histologically, and in the remaining patients the diagnosis was based on clinical manifestations. In 23 patients, the diagnosis was based on cardiac manifestations associated with the involvement of the myocardium by inflammation, which was documented by MRI. In 9 cases, the diagnostic evaluation was prompted by cutaneous changes. Six patients presented with gastrointestinal complaints, 15 patients suffered from peroneal nerve palsy, and one from polyneuropathy and central nervous system symptoms. Conclusions: The diagnosis of CCS in our material was mainly based on clinical manifestations. The collection of material for histopathology was difficult and required an invasive approach in most cases. In 13 out of 38 patients eosinophilic vasculitis was confirmed histologically. The development of marked peripheral blood eosinophilia in an asthmatic patient with a history of allergy, sinusitis, and pulmonary infiltrates in the presence of specific organ manifestations was most consistent with CSS. Indirect proof came in the form of the meeting of the classification criteria developed by the American College of Rheumatology, which differentiated CSS from other vasculitides. Full article
111 KiB  
Article
Asthma as a Psychosomatic Disorder: The Causes, Scale of the Problem, and the Association with Alexithymia and Disease Control
by Alicja Moes-Wójtowicz, Piotr Wójtowicz, Monika Postek and Joanna Domagała-Kulawik
Adv. Respir. Med. 2012, 80(1), 13-19; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.27612 - 21 Dec 2011
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 620
Abstract
Background: While psychological factors may play a significant role in the development and course of asthma, the availability of information on the scale of the problem and the factors associated with psychogenic asthma is limited. The aim of the study was to assess [...] Read more.
Background: While psychological factors may play a significant role in the development and course of asthma, the availability of information on the scale of the problem and the factors associated with psychogenic asthma is limited. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of coexistence of asthma and other diseases considered to be of psychosomatic origin, to assess the impact of stress and strong emotions on the occurrence of acute exacerbations of asthma, to measure the level of alexithymia in asthmatic patients, and to look for its association with acute exacerbations triggered by stress and strong emotions. The level of alexithymia was also assessed in the context of asthma control. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on a group of 54 patients (75.9% females) with a diagnosis of asthma (mean age: 54.37 ± 14.52 years) at the Independent Public Central Teaching Hospital in Warsaw, Poland. The patients completed a questionnaire composed of the Asthma Control Test, a list of factors that could trigger an acute exacerbation of asthma, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-26; translated into Polish by E. Scigala and T. Maruszewski). The patients were also asked about any co-morbidities that had been diagnosed by other doctors and that might be caused, at least in part, by psychological and behavioural factors, and co-morbidities that might be associated with stress but are characterised by somatic manifestations. The co-morbidities in question were: irritable bowel syndrome, atopic dermatitis, depression, panic disorder, and anorexia nervosa. In the remainder of this paper these disorders are collectively referred to as ‘psychosomatic disorders’. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 14.0 PL at the significance level p < 0.05. Non-parametric tests for independent samples were used to test the associations between the qualitative variables. Results: In 50% of the cases, at least one of the following disease entities were identified in the patients carrying the diagnosis of asthma: irritable bowel syndrome (n = 8), atopic dermatitis (n = 7), depression (n = 13), panic disorder (n = 9). Alexithymia was diagnosed in 11 cases (21.6%). The correlation of the level of alexithymia with stress and strong emotions was statistically non-significant (χ2 = 0.106, p > 0.05). Stress and/or strong emotions were identified as factors triggering acute exacerbations of asthma in 33 cases (61.1%). Poor, good, and complete asthma control was confirmed in 72.5%, 17.6% and 9.8% of the cases, respectively. No association of asthma control with the occurrence of alexithymia was identified (χ2 = 0.358, p > 0.05). No association of asthma control with gender was identified (χ2 = 0.605, p > 0.05). Conclusions: The high level of alexithymia in asthmatic patients, the frequent occurrence of disorders considered to be psychosomatic in origin, and the considerable impact of stress and strong emotions on the development of acute exacerbations of the disease confirm that asthma can be considered a psychosomatic disorder. Full article
111 KiB  
Article
The Use of Selected Commercial Molecular Assays for the Microbiological Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
by Aleksandra Safianowska, Renata Walkiewicz, Patrycja Nejman-Gryz and Hanna Grubek-Jaworska
Adv. Respir. Med. 2012, 80(1), 6-12; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.27611 - 21 Dec 2011
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 314
Abstract
Introduction: We performed a retrospective assessment of the AMPLICOR Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) assay for the molecular diagnosis of tuberculosis based on our own determinations between 1999 and 2009 and a preliminary assessment of the Xpert MTB/RIF system, which we are currently using. Materials [...] Read more.
Introduction: We performed a retrospective assessment of the AMPLICOR Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) assay for the molecular diagnosis of tuberculosis based on our own determinations between 1999 and 2009 and a preliminary assessment of the Xpert MTB/RIF system, which we are currently using. Materials and methods: The study groups comprised 1875 samples (including 104 inhibited samples) and 213 samples, respectively. Results: The sensitivities of the AMPLICOR MTB and the Xpert MTB/RIF assays were 81.9% and 81.8%, respectively, and their specificities were 97.2% and 99.5%, respectively, versus culture on Loewenstein-Jensen medium. Both assays showed a considerable difference in sensitivity depending on whether the test samples were smear-positive (AFB+) or smearnegative (AFB–). The sensitivities of the AMPLICOR MTB and the Xpert MTB/RIF assays were 97.8% and 100.0%, respectively, for AFB+ samples and 58.1% and 50.0%, respectively, for AFB– samples. Conclusions: Our results confirm full usefulness of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for routine diagnosis in the case of smearpositive clinical samples. Full article
831 KiB  
Editorial
Churg-Strauss Syndrome—A Rare Disease or a Difficult Diagnosis?
by Alicja Siemińska
Adv. Respir. Med. 2012, 80(1), 3-5; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.27610 - 21 Dec 2011
Viewed by 222
Abstract
According to the Chapel Hill consensus conference definition, Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a granulomatous and eosinophil-rich inflammation involving the respiratory tract, and necrotising vasculitis affecting small-to medium-sized vessels, and is associated with asthma and eosinophilia [...] Full article
63 KiB  
Editorial
Patients with Chronic Lung Diseases Have the Right to Palliative Care—Recommendations of the Polish Respiratory Society
by Dorota Górecka
Adv. Respir. Med. 2012, 80(1), 1-2; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.27609 - 21 Dec 2011
Viewed by 199
Abstract
The past few months have seen several important events pointing out to the place and importance of chronic lung diseases in the world [...] Full article
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