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Volume 74
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Advances in Respiratory Medicine is published by MDPI from Volume 90 Issue 4 (2022). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Via Medica.

Adv. Respir. Med., Volume 74, Issue 4 (September 2006) – 17 articles , Pages 361-445

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178 KiB  
Article
Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and the Role of Sputum Bacteriological Examination
by Krzysztof Noweta, Mirosława Frankowska and Iwona Grzelewska-Rzymowska
Adv. Respir. Med. 2006, 74(4), 396-402; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.28022 - 01 Dec 2006
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 314
Abstract
Bacteriological examination of sputum is the simplest and widely accessible diagnostic method of res-piratory infections. However its value in nonspecifi c respiratory infections, especially in exacerbations of COPD, is questionable because they can be caused by factors other than bacterial or by viral [...] Read more.
Bacteriological examination of sputum is the simplest and widely accessible diagnostic method of res-piratory infections. However its value in nonspecifi c respiratory infections, especially in exacerbations of COPD, is questionable because they can be caused by factors other than bacterial or by viral infections. The evaluation of bacteriological examination of sputum in patients with exacerbations of COPD and the evaluation of interaction between clinical course, some laboratory markers and bacteriology of sputum was the aim of the study. 109 patients hospitalized with exacerbations of COPD were examined. Semi-quantitative bacteriological examina-tion of sputum, total blood count, erythrocytes sedimentation rate, gasometry and spirometry were performed in each patient. The identifi cation of pathogens was conducted by microtests API from Bio-Merieux.In 39 patients (36%) pathogenic bacteria were cultured from sputum. The most prevalent organisms were: A. baumanii–21% and S. aureus–17%. Positive culture was seen most often in patients with severe and very severe COPD. Bacterial infection as a cause of COPD exacerbation should be suspected especially in patients with severe-staged disease of long duration, when bacterial cells and predominant neutrophil-count are present in sputum. In patients with severe COPD, often treated in hospital and with antibiotics, Gram-negative fl ora should be considered as an etiologic agent. Full article
114 KiB  
Editorial
Sprawozdanie z 10th International Conference on Bronchoalveolar Lavage, 17–20 czerwca 2006 r., Coimbra (Portugalia)
by Andrzej Chciałowski, Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko and Joanna Domagała-Kulawik
Adv. Respir. Med. 2006, 74(4), 444-445; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.28032 - 08 Sep 2006
Viewed by 230
Abstract
Zgodnie z wieloletnią tradycją, w dniach 17–20 June 2006 roku w Coimbrze w Portugalii odbyła się 10th International Conference on Bronchoalveolar Lavage [...] Full article
148 KiB  
Editorial
Wspomnienie o docent Zinajdzie Maszczyk, pracowniku naukowym Instytutu Gruźlicy i Chorób Płuc w Warszawie
by Janusz Kowalski and Leszek Radwan
Adv. Respir. Med. 2006, 74(4), 443; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.28031 - 08 Sep 2006
Viewed by 219
Abstract
Zinajda Maszczykurodziła się 22 marca 1926 roku w Lidzie (obecnie Białoruś), gdzie ukończyła szkołęśrednią w roku 1946 [...] Full article
164 KiB  
Editorial
Miracle Survival
by Eugeniusz Trepczyński
Adv. Respir. Med. 2006, 74(4), 440-442; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.28030 - 08 Sep 2006
Viewed by 224
Abstract
Urodziłem się 1 grudnia 1924 roku w Warszawie i mieszkałem w dzielnicy Żoliborz [...] Full article
378 KiB  
Editorial
Dr med. Mateusz Fonberg (1840–1880)—Świadek Narodzin Szpitala Wolskiego w Warszawie
by Katarzyna Broczek
Adv. Respir. Med. 2006, 74(4), 435-439; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.28029 - 08 Sep 2006
Viewed by 259
Abstract
tomowe dzieło pt.: Chemia z zastosowaniem do sztuk i rzemiosł (Wilno, 1825–1827), stając się współ-twórcą polskiej terminologii chemicznej [...] Full article
331 KiB  
Editorial
History Pages
by Jan Zieliński
Adv. Respir. Med. 2006, 74(4), 431-434; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.28028 - 08 Sep 2006
Viewed by 210
Abstract
W bieżącym numerze Pneumonologii i Alergologii Polskiej publikowane są dwa wspomnienia związane z historią Szpitala Wolskiego, którego spadkobiercąjest Instytut Gruźlicy i Chorób Płuc w Warszawie przy ul. Płockiej 26 [...] Full article
202 KiB  
Case Report
Central Sleep Apnoea (CSA) in Male with Heart Failure
by Robert Pływaczewski, Justyna Czerniawska, Przemysław Bieleń, Michał Bednarek, Dorota Górecka and Paweł Śliwiński
Adv. Respir. Med. 2006, 74(4), 426-430; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.28023 - 08 Sep 2006
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 244
Abstract
We studied 44-year old man with heart failure (ejection fraction −25%). Obesity, arterial hypertension, snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness suggested concomitant obstructive sleep apnoea. Limited polysomnography with Polymesam revealed typical Cheyne-Stokes respiration with mainly central apnoeas (RDI = 48/hour). We did not fi [...] Read more.
We studied 44-year old man with heart failure (ejection fraction −25%). Obesity, arterial hypertension, snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness suggested concomitant obstructive sleep apnoea. Limited polysomnography with Polymesam revealed typical Cheyne-Stokes respiration with mainly central apnoeas (RDI = 48/hour). We did not fi nd any obstructive episodes during sleep study. Patient responded to CPAP therapy and apnoea hypo-pnoe index decreased to 12/hour on 8 mbar pressure. Full article
180 KiB  
Review
Cardiac Involvement in Sarcoidosis
by Małgorzata Dybowska, Renata Gralec, Paweł Kuca, Janusz Burakowski and Witold Tomkowski
Adv. Respir. Med. 2006, 74(4), 421-425; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.28027 - 08 Sep 2006
Viewed by 254
Abstract
Sarkoidoza jest uogólnioną chorobą o nieznanej etiologii, charakteryzującą się tworzeniem nieserowaciejących ziarniniaków, które mogą występować w każdym narządzie [...] Full article
685 KiB  
Review
Angiogenesis and Neoangiogenesis—The Role in Lung Cancer and Other Tumors
by Ewa Swidzińska, Wojciech Naumnik and Elżbieta Chyczewska
Adv. Respir. Med. 2006, 74(4), 414-420; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.28026 - 08 Sep 2006
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 251
Abstract
Nowe naczynia tworzone są w dwóch procesach: waskulogenezy i angiogenezy [...] Full article
279 KiB  
Review
The Role of Interleukin 17 Cytokine Family in Inducing Allergic Inflammation in the Pulmonary Tract
by Aleksandra Semik-Orzech, Adam Barczyk and Władysław Pierzchała
Adv. Respir. Med. 2006, 74(4), 409-413; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.28025 - 08 Sep 2006
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 257
Abstract
IL-17 family is a group of proinfl ammatory cytokines produced by activated memory T-cells. These cytokines play an important role in the development of cellular and humoral mechanisms of immunological re-sponses lying at the basis of allergic disorders. The aim of this paper [...] Read more.
IL-17 family is a group of proinfl ammatory cytokines produced by activated memory T-cells. These cytokines play an important role in the development of cellular and humoral mechanisms of immunological re-sponses lying at the basis of allergic disorders. The aim of this paper is to present the current knowledge on the role of interleukin 17 cytokine family in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders of the respiratory tract. IL-17A (as well as IL-17F) plays role in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness through activation of allergen-specific T-cells. Levels of IL-17A are elevated in sputum of asthmatic patients and correlate with airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. However, it remains fact, that the main effect of IL-17A in the pulmonary tract is recrutation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, depending on CXC chemokine release from stromal cells. IL-17E evokes differ-ent immunological responses. This cytokine participates in the development of Th2-cell-dependent immunological response and the coexisting pathological tissue changes. These actions take place mainly through the induction of synthesis of the Th2 cell-derived cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) and the development of eosinophilic infl ammation. It is thought, that the character of the immunological response evoked by different cytokines of IL-17 family depends on the differences between the spatial structure of their fragments including disulfi de bridges and that these differences determine their receptor interactions and biological functions. Full article
147 KiB  
Review
Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
by Dariusz Ziora
Adv. Respir. Med. 2006, 74(4), 403-408; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.28024 - 08 Sep 2006
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 228
Abstract
Samoistne włóknienie płuc (IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) jest najczęściej obserwowaną manifestacją kliniczną spośród samoistnych śródmiąższowych zapaleń płuc (IIP, interstitial idiopathic pneumonias) [...] Full article
238 KiB  
Article
Lack of Correlation between Exhaled Nitric Oxide (eNO) And Clinical Indicators of the Disease Activity and Quality of Life in Mild and Moderate Asthmatics
by Damian Tworek, Małgorzata Bocheńska-Marciniak, Maciej Kupczyk, Izabela Kupryś-Lipińska and Piotr Kuna
Adv. Respir. Med. 2006, 74(4), 391-395; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.28021 - 08 Sep 2006
Viewed by 246
Abstract
The measurements of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) are simple and useful method of assessment of infl am-mation in asthmatics’ airways. One of the causes of its limited application in clinical practice is a number of factors infl uencing the results of measurements.The aim [...] Read more.
The measurements of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) are simple and useful method of assessment of infl am-mation in asthmatics’ airways. One of the causes of its limited application in clinical practice is a number of factors infl uencing the results of measurements.The aim of the study was to determine the usefulness of eNO measurements in assessing the infl ammation in a heterogeneous, in relation to atopic and smoking status, group of patients.Materials and methods: 120 subjects suspected of having asthma participated in this study. During 2 weeks the patients noted daily asthma symptoms and daily use of rescue medication. After 14 days health related quality of life (HRQL) was determined by means of Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ), eNO levels were mea-sured and airways reversibility test was performed. Results: Preliminary diagnosis of asthma was confi rmed in 84 patients on the basis of positive result of airways reversibility test. Among them, 21 subjects (25%) were smokers and 60 (71.4%) were atopic. No correlation was found between eNO and daily asthma symptom score, daily use of rescue medication, percent of airway reversibility after β2-agonist and HRQL. Conclusion: eNO measurements in a heterogeneous, in relation to atopic and smoking status, group of patients are of limited value in clinical assess-ment of asthma activity. Full article
374 KiB  
Article
Respiratory Responses to CO2 Stimulation in Hypercapnic Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
by Monika Franczuk, Leszek Radwan, Robert Pływaczewski, Paweł Śliwiński, Piotr Boros and Stefan Wesołowski
Adv. Respir. Med. 2006, 74(4), 383-390; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.28020 - 08 Sep 2006
Viewed by 280
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea can be associated with daytime chronic hypercapnia in some patients, but the prevalence of the phenomenon is highly variable in the published literature. The most often it is found in patients with coexisting COPD. There is also an evidence of [...] Read more.
Obstructive sleep apnea can be associated with daytime chronic hypercapnia in some patients, but the prevalence of the phenomenon is highly variable in the published literature. The most often it is found in patients with coexisting COPD. There is also an evidence of persisting hypercapnia in OSA patients without other respiratory disease. In previous studies lung function impairment, obesity, gender, severity of OSAS have been considered to contribute to daytime hypercapnia. Several studies demonstrated that the defect in control of breathing can play a role in the development of chronic hypercapnia in patients with OSAS. The aim of the study was to estimate respiratory responses to hypercapnic stimulation in patients with OSAS and chronic daytime hypercapnia. Material consisted of 38 patients with OSAS and chronic hypercapnia (COPD was present in 24–group B, “pure” OSA in 14–group A) and 40 normocapnic OSA patients (group C). Lung function testing, blood gases and chemical control of breathing tests were performed in all of them before initiating therapy with nCPAP. Diagnosis of OSAS was stated with standard polisomnography and AHI was similar in mentioned groups. Results: Respiratory responses to hypercapnic stimulation were signifi cantly lower in hypercapnic patients (A 10.6 ± 4.6; B 9.5 ± 5.6) in opposition to normocapnics (C 23.3 ± 14.0 l/min/kPa). In all studied patients PaCO2 level signifi cantly correlated with respiratory responses to hypercapnic stimulation (r= −0.61), lung function indices (VC r = −0.69 and FEV1 r = −0.71), mean SaO2 during sleep (r = −0.68), and BMI (r = 0.49), but not with the factors like age, AHI or minimal SaO2 during sleep. Analysis with multiple regression revealed that hypercapnic drive, mean SaO2 during sleep, FEV1 and BMI were the best predictors of hypercapnia in studied group, being responsible for 72% of the total variance in PaCO2 in our OSA patients (R2 = 0.72; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: predisposition to daytime hypercapnia in our OSA patients was related to dimished chemosensitivity to CO2, mean desaturation during sleep, the severity of obesity and impairment of lung function mainly due to coexisting COPD. Full article
187 KiB  
Article
Tobacco Smoking among the First-Year Medical Students
by Alicja Siemińska, Joanna M. Jassem, Maja Uherek, Tomasz Wilanowski, Radosław Nowak and Ewa Jassem
Adv. Respir. Med. 2006, 74(4), 377-382; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.28019 - 08 Sep 2006
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 260
Abstract
The studies have shown that despite studying medicine the rate of tobacco smokers among students is still high. Moreover, in Poland the incidence of smoking is increasing among the youngsters. The study was designed to assess the rate of smokers among the fi [...] Read more.
The studies have shown that despite studying medicine the rate of tobacco smokers among students is still high. Moreover, in Poland the incidence of smoking is increasing among the youngsters. The study was designed to assess the rate of smokers among the fi rst-year students of two consecutive courses at the Medical University of Gdańsk and defi ne their attitudes towards tobacco smoking. The voluntary, multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed among 412 students. The rate of response was 100%. Twenty one percent of responders were current smokers (17% females and 28% men), whereas 7% declared previous smoking. There was no correlation between incidence of smoking among students and their parents (p = 0.11). 61% of smokers declared the will to give up their habit and of those 94% were aware of the negative impact of cigarettes on their health. In the group which did not declare the will to quit smoking only 75% knew what the impact of cigarettes on their health was; p = 0.02. Only 23% of smokers considered anti-nicotine therapy effective. Almost a half of smokers considered nicotine replacement therapy ineffective for them in quitting cigarette smoking. Conclusion: The rate of smokers among the first-year medical students is lower than in general population, but it is still relatively high. However more than a half of smokers wants to give up their habit. Of those who are not willing to, 25% is not aware of the cigarettes’ impact on their health. These results call for further anti-nicotine actions. Full article
249 KiB  
Article
Serum and Sputum Eosinophil Cationic Protein Levels and Clinical Status in Cystic Fibrosis Patients
by Aleksandra Korzeniewska, Anna Sołoniewicz, Piotr Stelmach, Agnieszka Sobocińska and Iwona Stelmach
Adv. Respir. Med. 2006, 74(4), 372-376; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.28018 - 08 Sep 2006
Viewed by 286
Abstract
Recent studies have emphasied the role of eosinophils and it’s metabolites in the pathogenesis of lung disease in cystic fi brosis. This study was designed to assess the relationship between serum and sputum ECP levels and clinical status of cystic fi brosis patients. [...] Read more.
Recent studies have emphasied the role of eosinophils and it’s metabolites in the pathogenesis of lung disease in cystic fi brosis. This study was designed to assess the relationship between serum and sputum ECP levels and clinical status of cystic fi brosis patients. Material and methods: 30 patients, aged 6–30 with moderate cystic fi brosis were recruited. Spirometry, weight and high, and Shwachman-Kulczycki score were measured, and serum and sputum samples were obtained for measure-ments of the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). Results: We observed signifi cant inverse correlation between sputum ECP levels and BMI (p < 0.001) and FEV1 (p < 0.001), and not signifi cant inverse correlation between sputum ECP levels Shwachman-Kulczycki score (p = 0.057). There was no signifi cant correlation between sputum ECP levels and FEF25/75% and between serum ECP levels and measured clinical parameters. Conclusions: Results of this study suggest infl uence of eosinophil infl ammation in respiratory tract on clinical status of CF patients. Full article
338 KiB  
Article
Safety of Influenza Vaccination in Asthmatics
by Tomasz Kmiecik, Karolina Sęk and Paweł Górski
Adv. Respir. Med. 2006, 74(4), 365-371; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.28017 - 08 Sep 2006
Viewed by 257
Abstract
The common cause of exacerbations in asthmatics are viral infections. Infl uenza infection especially increases the risk of respiratory exacerbations. The ACIP report puts asthma among indications to regular infl uenza vaccinations. In practice, many physicians doubt in effectiveness and safety of vaccination [...] Read more.
The common cause of exacerbations in asthmatics are viral infections. Infl uenza infection especially increases the risk of respiratory exacerbations. The ACIP report puts asthma among indications to regular infl uenza vaccinations. In practice, many physicians doubt in effectiveness and safety of vaccination in patients suffering from allergy. It caused such procedures were not included in asthma guidelines published by other authors. Our study confi rmed the safety of infl uenza split vaccine vaccination in asthmatics. We proved that vaccination had not any infl uence on asthma control in 14-day period after injection. We showed also high frequency of, mostly local, side effects. These events were generally mild and transient. Full article
193 KiB  
Article
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) In Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS)
by Iwona Hawryłkiewicz, Robert Pływaczewski, Dariusz Dziedzic, Justyna Czerniawska and Dorota Górecka
Adv. Respir. Med. 2006, 74(4), 361-364; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.28016 - 08 Sep 2006
Viewed by 270
Abstract
Gastroesophageal refl ux disease (GERD) is a common cause of chronic cough, heartburn, epigastric or retrosternal discomfort, chest pain and abdominal pain or esophagitis. Our patients with OSAS seldom mani-fest GERD symptoms. We suspected that obesity and high pressure in abdominal cavity may [...] Read more.
Gastroesophageal refl ux disease (GERD) is a common cause of chronic cough, heartburn, epigastric or retrosternal discomfort, chest pain and abdominal pain or esophagitis. Our patients with OSAS seldom mani-fest GERD symptoms. We suspected that obesity and high pressure in abdominal cavity may induce acid gastro-esophageal refl ux in these patients. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that obesity, cigarettes smoking or ventilatory and gas exchange abnormalities provoke GERD. We studied 21 consecutive patients with severe OSAS (mean AHI 44.9 ± 23.8) before CPAP treatment, all with-out GERD clinical symptoms. Standard polysomnography, gastroscopy and 24-h oesophageal pH monitoring was performed. There were 6 females, 15 males, mean age 57 ± 9 years, mean BMI 38 ± 6 kg/m2. All patients presented with normal spirometric and gas exchange values (mean VC 3.64 ± 1.23 l, 90% of normal, mean FEV1 2.61 ± 0.95 l, 83% of normal, mean FEV1%VC 72%, mean PaO2 68.1 ± 7.7 mmHg, mean PaCO2 40.8 ± 5.8 mmHg, mean pH 7.42 ± 0.02). GERD was diagnosed in 14 patients. Patients with GERD were younger, more often were cigarettes smokers (5/14). We did not fi nd statistically signifi cant differences between severity of OSAS, BMI, ventilatory or gas exchange parameters and GERD. Full article
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