Submit to QuBS Review for QuBS

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Quantum Beam Sci., Volume 6, Issue 4 (December 2022) – 6 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image):

The need for thin foil welding is increasing significantly, particularly in the electronic industries. The technologies that are currently available limit the joining processes in terms of materials and their geometries. In this paper, a series of trials of fusion welding (bead-on-plate) of commercially pure titanium (CPTi) foils were conducted using a blue diode laser (BDL) welding method.

The tensile tests revealed that the strengths of the welded samples were slightly lower than those of the unwelded samples. All the samples, welded and unwelded, showed identical fracture mechanisms, i.e., microvoid coalescence or ductile fracture. The weld zone experienced very small strains (elongation) at fracture, which indicates a good weld quality. View this paper

Issues are regarded as officially published after their release is announced to the table of contents alert mailing list.
You may sign up for e-mail alerts to receive table of contents of newly released issues.
PDF is the official format for papers published in both, html and pdf forms. To view the papers in pdf format, click on the "PDF Full-text" link, and use the free Adobe Reader to open them.

Order results

Result details

Section

Show export options Show export options

Select all

Export citation of selected articles as:

9 pages, 836 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

A Machine for Ionizing Radiation Treatment of Bio-Deteriogens Infesting Artistic Objects

by Monia Vadrucci

Quantum Beam Sci. 2022, 6(4), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/qubs6040033 - 16 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1522

Abstract

Precious cultural heritage has been inherited through past activities and maintained by the generations, and it includes artifacts and objects preserved in institutes or museum areas. As part of the study, the conservation of art objects and other cultural assets was carried out at the ENEA Frascati Research Center and attention was paid to the biodegradation aspect caused by microorganisms that cause the loss of information and artistic characteristics contained in the artifacts, for example, through covering them, the loss of color and the smearing of decorative or writing strokes. A non-chemical and non-toxic, completely ecological approach is used as an alternative bio-removal treatment to control the pathogens: these are the disinfection procedures that were applied using the REX machine. The beams of photons and electrons produced by this facility carried out anti-biodegradation activities for the control of deteriogens isolated from multi-material works. This communication concerns the REX machine, which is framed in the context of ENEA and in the panorama of activities carried out for the conservation of cultural heritage, presenting its application to case studies in which the developed technique was demonstrated as a non-invasive treatment for bio-degradation removal. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Beam Science: Feature Papers 2022)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 318 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Polarimetric Quantum-Strong Correlations with Independent Photons on the Poincaré Sphere

by Andre Vatarescu

Quantum Beam Sci. 2022, 6(4), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/qubs6040032 - 29 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1369

Abstract

Controllable, quantum-strong correlations of polarization states can be implemented with multi-photon independent states. Polarization-based photonic quantum correlations can be traced back to the overlap of the polarization Stokes vectors on the Poincaré sphere between two polarization filters. The quantum Rayleigh scattering prevents a single photon from propagating in a straight line inside a dielectric medium, and it also provides a mechanism for the projective measurement of polarization. Complexities associated with single-photon sources and detectors can be eliminated because the quantum Rayleigh scattering in a dielectric medium destroys entangled photons. Entanglement-free, identical sources and processing devices give rise to correlations rather than these being caused by “quantum nonlocality”. These analytic developments were prompted by the vanishing expectation values of the Pauli spin vector for a single photon of maximally entangled photonic Bell states. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Beam Science: Feature Papers 2022)

13 pages, 3547 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Structure of Liquid and Glassy Carbamazepine

by Chris J. Benmore, Angela Edwards, Oliver L. G. Alderman, Brian R. Cherry, Pamela Smith, Daniel Smith, Stephen Byrn, Richard Weber and Jeffery L. Yarger

Quantum Beam Sci. 2022, 6(4), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/qubs6040031 - 15 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1893

Abstract

To enhance the solubility of orally administered pharmaceuticals, liquid capsules or amorphous tablets are often preferred over crystalline drug products. However, little is known regarding the variation in bonding mechanisms between pharmaceutical molecules in their different disordered forms. In this study, liquid and melt-quenched glassy carbamazepine have been studied using high energy X-ray diffraction and modeled using Empirical Potential Structure Refinement. The results show significant structural differences between the liquid and glassy states. The liquid shows a wide range of structures; from isolated molecules, to aromatic ring correlations and NH-O hydrogen bonding. Upon quenching from the liquid to the glass the number of hydrogen bonds per molecule increases by ~50% at the expense of a ~30% decrease in the close contact (non-bonded) carbon-carbon interactions between aromatic rings. During the cooling process, there is an increase in both singly and doubly hydrogen-bonded adjacent molecules. Although hydrogen-bonded dimers found in the crystalline states persist in the glassy state, the absence of a crystalline lattice also allows small, hydrogen-bonded NH-O trimers and tetramers to form. This proposed model for the structure of glassy carbamazepine is consistent with the results from vibrational spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Beam Diffraction on Glasses and Liquids: Advanced Instrumentation, Data Analysis, and Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 6769 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

The ELIMAIA Laser–Plasma Ion Accelerator: Technological Commissioning and Perspectives

by Francesco Schillaci, Lorenzo Giuffrida, Maksym Tryus, Filip Grepl, Stanislav Stancek, Andriy Velyhan, Valeriia Istokskaia, Tadzio Levato, Giada Petringa, Giuseppe A. P. Cirrone, Josef Cupal, Lucia Koubiková, Davorin Peceli, Jeffrey Alan Jarboe, Tarcio de Castro Silva, Martin Cuhra, Timofej Chagovets, Vasiliki Kantarelou, Marco Tosca, Vahagn Ivanyan, Martina Greplová Žáková, Jan Psikal, Roman Truneček, Anna Cimmino, Roberto Versaci, Veronika Olšovlcová, Daniel Kramer, Pavel Bakule, Jan Ridky, Georg Korn, Bedrich Rus and Daniele Margarone Show full author list Hide full author list

Quantum Beam Sci. 2022, 6(4), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/qubs6040030 - 09 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2811

Abstract

We report on the technological commissioning of the Laser–Plasma Ion Accelerator section of the ELIMAIA user beamline at the ELI Beamlines facility in the Czech Republic. The high-peak, high-average power L3-HAPLS laser system was used with an energy of ~10 J and pulse duration of ~30 fs on target, both in single-pulse and high repetition-rate (~0.5 Hz) mode. The laser pulse was tightly focused to reach ultrahigh intensity on target (~10²¹ W/cm²) and sustain such laser–plasma interaction regime during high repetition-rate operations. The laser beam, ion beam, and laser–plasma emission were monitored on a shot-to-shot basis, and online data analysis at 0.5 Hz was demonstrated through the full set of used diagnostics (e.g., far and near field, laser temporal diagnostics, X- and gamma-ray detectors, Thomson Parabola ion spectrometer, time-of-flight ion detectors, plasma imaging, etc.). The capability and reliability of the ELIMAIA Ion Accelerator was successfully demonstrated at a repetition rate of 0.5 Hz for several hundreds of consecutive laser shots. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser-Assisted Facilities)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 937 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Instantaneous Quantum Description of Photonic Wavefronts and Applications

by Andre Vatarescu

Quantum Beam Sci. 2022, 6(4), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/qubs6040029 - 30 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1729

Abstract

Three physical elements are missing from the conventional formalism of quantum photonics: (1) the quantum Rayleigh spontaneous and stimulated emissions; (2) the unavoidable parametric amplification; and (3) the mixed time-frequency spectral structure of a photonic field which specifies its duration or spatial extent. As a single photon enters a dielectric medium, the quantum Rayleigh scattering prevents it from propagating in a straight-line, thereby destroying any possible entanglement. A pure dynamic and coherent state composed of two consecutive number states, delivers the correct expectation values for the number of photons carried by a photonic wave front, its complex optical field, and phase quadratures. The intrinsic longitudinal and lateral field profiles associated with a group of photons for any instantaneous number of photons are independent of the source. These photonic properties enable a step-by-step analysis of the correlation functions characterizing counting of coincident numbers of photons or intensities with unity visibility interference, spanning the classical and quantum optic regimes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Beam Science: Feature Papers 2022)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

8 pages, 5204 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Virtual Angstrom-Beam Electron Diffraction Analysis for Zr₈₀Pt₂₀ Metallic Glasses

by Akihiko Hirata

Quantum Beam Sci. 2022, 6(4), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/qubs6040028 - 22 Sep 2022

Viewed by 1651

Abstract

To analyze amorphous structure models obtained by a molecular dynamics (or reverse Monte Carlo) simulation, we propose a virtual angstrom-beam electron diffraction analysis. In this analysis, local electron diffraction patterns are calculated for the amorphous models at equal intervals as performed in the experiment, and the local structures that generate paired diffraction spots in the diffraction patterns are further analyzed by combining them with a Fourier transform and a Voronoi polyhedral analysis. For an example of Zr₈₀Pt₂₀, an aggregate of coordination polyhedra is formed which generates similar diffraction patterns from most parts within the aggregate. Furthermore, the coordination polyhedra are connected in certain orientational relationships which could enhance the intensity of the diffraction spots. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Beam Diffraction on Glasses and Liquids: Advanced Instrumentation, Data Analysis, and Applications)

► Show Figures