Inventions

13 pages, 3298 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Smart Emergency EV-to-EV Portable Battery Charger

by Mahdi Mosayebi, Arman Fathollahi, Meysam Gheisarnejad, Hamed Farsizadeh and Mohammad Hassan Khooban

Inventions 2022, 7(2), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7020045 - 19 Jun 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2603

Abstract

With the increase in the number of electric vehicles (EVs) and developments in their related charging infrastructures, consumers have still some concerns about some limiting factors in the EV industry such as battery life, charging station availability, electric grid capacity, limited driving range, [...] Read more.

With the increase in the number of electric vehicles (EVs) and developments in their related charging infrastructures, consumers have still some concerns about some limiting factors in the EV industry such as battery life, charging station availability, electric grid capacity, limited driving range, and slow charging of batteries. Although some solutions are proposed for these limitations, they are not sufficiently efficient and cost-effective. Moreover, charging of EVs on-the-road is still a challenging issue which requires more innovation. This paper proposes a novel battery charger, known as an Emergency EV-to-EV Portable Battery Charger (EPBC), which provides a cost-effective solution for charging EVs on-the-road in emergency mode. The suggested smart charger can charge another EV based on the state of charge (SOC), capacity, and other important technical specifications of batteries in a safe and reliable manner. The smart charger can regulate the output voltage and the injected current to the EV simultaneously. To realize these features, a model free nonlinear integral backstepping control (MF-NIBC) is adopted to regulate the output voltage of the battery charger. By utilizing the actor and critic networks, a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) is adopted to adjust the MF-NIBC controller. Finally, real-time tests based on the OPAL-RT setup are conducted to confirm the applicability and feasibility of the proposed EV-to-EV portable battery charger. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Inventions and Innovation in Electrical Engineering/Energy/Communications)

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15 pages, 5079 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Methods for Competitiveness Improvement of High-Temperature Steam Turbine Power Plants

by Andrey Rogalev, Nikolay Rogalev, Ivan Komarov, Vladimir Kindra and Sergey Osipov

Inventions 2022, 7(2), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7020044 - 16 Jun 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2126

Abstract

The paper is concerned with the problem of the development of high-temperature steam turbine power plants with ultra-supercritical (USC) initial parameters. One of the main disadvantages of the USC power unit’s creation is high price due to the application of expensive heat-resistant materials [...] Read more.

The paper is concerned with the problem of the development of high-temperature steam turbine power plants with ultra-supercritical (USC) initial parameters. One of the main disadvantages of the USC power unit’s creation is high price due to the application of expensive heat-resistant materials for boiler, live and reheat steam pipelines in turbines. To solve this problem, the following technical improvements to reduce the application of the heat-resistant materials and equipment metal consumption are proposed: horizontal boiler layout, high temperature steam turbine with a cooling system, oxy-hydrogen combustion chambers, and two-tier low-pressure turbine. The influence of the above-mentioned solutions on the high-temperature steam turbine power plant efficiency was estimated using thermodynamic analysis. The promising equipment design was developed based on the results of numerical and experimental research. The analysis of the proposed solutions’ influence upon the economic parameters of a high-temperature power facility was investigated based on the developed cost analysis model, which included the equipment metal and manufacturing expenses. The introduction of all the mentioned cost reduction methods led to a decrease in the facility’s price by RUB 10.5 billion or 15%. The discounted payback period was reduced from 27.5 to 10 years and the net present value increased by RUB 9.6 billion or 16 times. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermodynamic and Technical Analysis for Sustainability (Volume 2))

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28 pages, 21599 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Communication and Control of an Assembly, Disassembly and Repair Flexible Manufacturing Technology on a Mechatronics Line Assisted by an Autonomous Robotic System

by Dan Ionescu, Adrian Filipescu, Georgian Simion, Eugenia Mincă, Daniela Cernega, Răzvan Șolea and Adriana Filipescu

Inventions 2022, 7(2), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7020043 - 15 Jun 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 6237

Abstract

This paper aims to describe modeling and control in what concerns advanced manufacturing technology running on a flexible assembly, disassembly and repair on a mechatronic line (A/D/RML) assisted by an Autonomous Robotic System (ARS), two robotic manipulators (RM) and visual servoing system (VSS). [...] Read more.

This paper aims to describe modeling and control in what concerns advanced manufacturing technology running on a flexible assembly, disassembly and repair on a mechatronic line (A/D/RML) assisted by an Autonomous Robotic System (ARS), two robotic manipulators (RM) and visual servoing system (VSS). The A/D/RML consists of a six workstations (WS) mechatronics line (ML) connected to a flexible cell (FC) equipped with a 6-DOF ABB industrial robotic manipulator (IRM) and an ARS used for manipulation and transport. A hybrid communication and control based on programmable logic controller (PLC) architecture is used, which consists of two interconnected systems that feature both distributed and centralized topology, with specific tasks for all the manufacturing stages. Profinet communication link is used to interconnect and control FC and A/D/RML. The paper also discusses how to synchronize data between different field equipment used in the industry and the control systems. Synchronization signals between the master PLC and ARS is performed by means of Modbus TCP protocol and OPC UA. The structure of the ARS consists of a wheeled mobile robot (WMR) with two driving wheels and one free wheel (2DW/1FW) equipped with a 7-DOF RM. Trajectory tracking sliding-mode control (TTSMC) is used to control WMR. The end effector of the ARS RM is equipped with a mobile eye-in-hand VSS technology for the precise positioning of RM to pick and place the workparts in the desired location. Technology operates synchronously with signals from sensors and from the VSS HD camera. If the workpiece does not pass the quality test, the process handles it by transporting back from the end storage unit to the flexible cell where it will be considered for reprocessing, repair or disassembling with the recovery of the dismantled parts. The recovered or replaced components are taken over by the ARS from disassembling location and transported back to the dedicated storage warehouses to be reused in the further assembly processes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Perspectives and Challenges in Doctoral Research—Selected Papers from the 10th Edition of the Scientific Conference of the Doctoral Schools of “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati (SCDS-UDJG))

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11 pages, 1987 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Image Moment-Based Features for Mass Detection in Breast US Images via Machine Learning and Neural Network Classification Models

by Iulia-Nela Anghelache Nastase, Simona Moldovanu and Luminita Moraru

Inventions 2022, 7(2), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7020042 - 15 Jun 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1979

Abstract

Differentiating between malignant and benign masses using machine learning in the recognition of breast ultrasound (BUS) images is a technique with good accuracy and precision, which helps doctors make a correct diagnosis. The method proposed in this paper integrates Hu’s moments in the [...] Read more.

Differentiating between malignant and benign masses using machine learning in the recognition of breast ultrasound (BUS) images is a technique with good accuracy and precision, which helps doctors make a correct diagnosis. The method proposed in this paper integrates Hu’s moments in the analysis of the breast tumor. The extracted features feed a k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classifier and a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) to classify breast tumors into benign and malignant. The raw images and the tumor masks provided as ground-truth images belong to the public digital BUS images database. Certain metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, precision, and F1-score were used to evaluate the segmentation results and to select Hu’s moments showing the best capacity to discriminate between malignant and benign breast tissues in BUS images. Regarding the selection of Hu’s moments, the k-NN classifier reached 85% accuracy for moment M1 and 80% for moment M5 whilst RBFNN reached an accuracy of 76% for M1. The proposed method might be used to assist the clinical diagnosis of breast cancer identification by providing a good combination between segmentation and Hu’s moments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Perspectives and Challenges in Doctoral Research—Selected Papers from the 10th Edition of the Scientific Conference of the Doctoral Schools of “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati (SCDS-UDJG))

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26 pages, 5576 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Blitz Vision: Development of a New Full-Electric Sports Sedan Using QFD, SDE and Virtual Prototyping

by Leonardo Frizziero, Ludovico Galletti, Lorenzo Magnani, Edoardo Gaetano Meazza and Marco Freddi

Inventions 2022, 7(2), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7020041 - 08 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3457

Abstract

In this paper, industrial design structure (IDeS) is applied for the development of two new full-electric sports sedan car proposals that go by the names Blitz Vision AS and Retro. With a deep analysis of the trends dominating the automotive industry, a [...] Read more.

In this paper, industrial design structure (IDeS) is applied for the development of two new full-electric sports sedan car proposals that go by the names Blitz Vision AS and Retro. With a deep analysis of the trends dominating the automotive industry, a series of product requirements was identified using quality function deployment (QFD). The results of such analysis led to the definition of the technical specifications of the product via benchmarking (BM) and top-flop analysis (TFA). The product architecture was then defined by making use of a modular platform chassis capable of housing a variety of vehicle bodyworks. The structured methodology of stylistic design engineering (SDE) was used. This can be divided in six phases: (1) stylistic trends analysis; (2) sketches; (3) 2D CAD drawings; (4) 3D CAD models; (5) virtual prototyping; (6) solid stylistic model. The chassis of the CAD model was verified structurally by means of FEM analysis, whereas the drag coefficients of the two vehicle proposals were compared with one of the main competitor’s vehicles via CFD simulations. The resulting car models are both aesthetically appealing and can be further developed, leading eventually to the production stage. This proves the effectiveness of IDeS and SDE in car design. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Innovation Papers)

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25 pages, 695 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Solution of Steady Incompressible MHD Problems with Quasi-Least Square Method

by Shahid Hussain, Shams ur Rahman, Suhail Abbas and Munawwar Ali Abbas

Inventions 2022, 7(2), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7020040 - 06 Jun 2022

Viewed by 1382

Abstract

A quasi-least-squares (QLS) mixed finite element method (MFE) based on the

L^{2}

-inner product is utilized to solve an incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model. These models are associated with the three unknown terms, i.e., fluid velocity, fluid pressure, and magnetic field. For the [...] Read more.

A quasi-least-squares (QLS) mixed finite element method (MFE) based on the

L^{2}

-inner product is utilized to solve an incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model. These models are associated with the three unknown terms, i.e., fluid velocity, fluid pressure, and magnetic field. For the MHD-based models, common theories and algorithms for approximation of the solutions are not always applicable because of the choice of the functional spaces during the utilization of the weak formulation. It is well known that the spaces used for the approximation of the different unknowns, e.g., the spaces for the unknowns, cannot be chosen independently for the variational formulation, and may have to satisfy strict stability conditions such as the inf-sup, or Ladyzhenskaya–Babuska–Brezzi (LBB) condition. The dependency of the selection of the spaces for the unknowns are critical and always not applicable for some pair of unknowns. Because of this, the numerical or theoretical solutions must have to face some stability issue. The proposed scheme (

L^{2}

-inner product) is introduced to circumvent this deficiency of the conditions (inf-sup or LBB) and obtained a well-posed solution theoretically. The model equations are nonlinear and highly coupled with the combination of Navier–Stokes and Maxwell relations. First, these nonlinear models are made linear around a specific state wherein the modified system represents an algebraic equation in a first-order symmetric form. Secondly, a direct iteration technique is applied to solve the nonlinearities and obtain a theoretical convergent rate for a general initial guess. Theoretical results show that only a single parameter with a single initial guess is sufficient to establish the well-posedness of the solution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Trends in Nanofluids III)

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13 pages, 4574 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Fingerprint Matching Algorithm Using the Combination of Edge Features and Convolution Neural Networks

by Andreea-Monica Dincă Lăzărescu, Simona Moldovanu and Luminita Moraru

Inventions 2022, 7(2), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7020039 - 27 May 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4577

Abstract

This study presents an algorithm for fingerprint classification using a CNN (convolutional neural network) model and making use of full images belonging to four digital databases. The main challenge that we face in fingerprint classification is dealing with the low quality of fingerprints, [...] Read more.

This study presents an algorithm for fingerprint classification using a CNN (convolutional neural network) model and making use of full images belonging to four digital databases. The main challenge that we face in fingerprint classification is dealing with the low quality of fingerprints, which can impede the identification process. To overcome these restrictions, the proposed model consists of the following steps: a preprocessing stage which deals with edge enhancement operations, data resizing, data augmentation, and finally a post-processing stage devoted to classification tasks. Primarily, the fingerprint images are enhanced using Prewitt and Laplacian of Gaussian filters. This investigation used the fingerprint verification competition with four databases (FVC2004, DB1, DB2, DB3, and DB4) which contain 240 real fingerprint images and 80 synthetic fingerprint images. The real images were collected using various sensors. The innovation of the model is in the manner in which the number of epochs is selected, which improves the performance of the classification. The number of epochs is defined as a hyper-parameter which can influence the performance of the deep learning model. The number of epochs was set to 10, 20, 30, and 50 in order to keep the training time at an acceptable value of 1.8 s/epoch, on average. Our results indicate the overfitting of the model starting with the seventh epoch. The accuracy varies from 67.6% to 98.7% for the validation set, and between 70.2% and 75.6% for the test set. The proposed method achieved a very good performance compared to the traditional hand-crafted features despite the fact that it used raw data and it does not perform any handcrafted feature extraction operations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Perspectives and Challenges in Doctoral Research—Selected Papers from the 10th Edition of the Scientific Conference of the Doctoral Schools of “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati (SCDS-UDJG))

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41 pages, 9789 KiB

Open AccessReview

Patent Landscape of Composting Technology: A Review

by Fatin Amanina Azis, Masrur Rijal, Hazwani Suhaimi and Pg Emeroylariffion Abas

Inventions 2022, 7(2), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7020038 - 18 May 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 7951

Abstract

Organic waste management is a major global challenge. It accounts for a significant portion of waste that ends up in landfills, where it gradually decomposes and emits methane, a harmful greenhouse gas. Composting is an effective method for potentially solving the problem by [...] Read more.

Organic waste management is a major global challenge. It accounts for a significant portion of waste that ends up in landfills, where it gradually decomposes and emits methane, a harmful greenhouse gas. Composting is an effective method for potentially solving the problem by converting organic waste into valuable compost. Despite many studies focusing on the composting process, no study has reviewed the technological advancements in the composting fields from the perspective of patents. This review paper begins with background information on the composting process, specifically important factors affecting the process, problems associated with it, and the available technologies to facilitate the process. Different technologies are discussed, ranging from manual to automated methods. Subsequently, 457 patents are selected, classified into different categories, and reviewed in detail, providing a patent technology landscape of composting technology. Automatic composters are more prominent than manual ones as managing organic waste at the source has become more crucial in recent years. The need for a domestic composter creates an opportunity for the development of a compact and automated system for organic waste management, which is more suitable for urbanized settings. This technology has the potential to reduce the amount of organic waste that needs to be managed at an already overburdened landfill, as well as the environmental consequences associated with it. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Inventions and Innovation in Applied Chemistry and Physics)

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26 pages, 8414 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thermal Performance Improvement by Rotating Thermosyphon Loop in Rotor of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Electric Motor

by Pey Shey Wu, Min-Fu Hsieh, Yong En Lu, Wei Ling Cai and Shyy Woei Chang

Inventions 2022, 7(2), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7020037 - 05 May 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2355

Abstract

As an attempt to enable a further increase in the power-to-weight ratio of an electric motor by improving its cooling performance, rotating thermosyphon loops in a rotor of a permanent magnet synchronous electric motor are proposed. The effective thermal conductivity and airflow heat-transfer [...] Read more.

As an attempt to enable a further increase in the power-to-weight ratio of an electric motor by improving its cooling performance, rotating thermosyphon loops in a rotor of a permanent magnet synchronous electric motor are proposed. The effective thermal conductivity and airflow heat-transfer rate of the rotating thermosyphon loop and the convective heat-transfer coefficient over the annular interior surface of the air chamber are measured to permit the definition of the thermal boundary conditions for simulating the temperature fields of the electric motors. The axial heat-transfer pathway with extremely high effective thermal conductivity attributing to the phase-change activities in the rotating thermosyphon loop acts synergistically with the heat convection enhancement induced by the stirring effect of the spinning condenser bend in the air chamber to improve the heat transmission out of the rotor core. The spatially average temperature gradients in the rotor with the thermosyphon loops are considerably moderated from those without the thermosyphon loop. At rotor speeds and electrical currents in the ranges of 1200–1500 rev/min and 1000–1200 A, the maximum temperatures in the rotors with the single- and twin-end rotating thermosyphon loops are, respectively, reduced 8–14 °C and 10–22 °C from those without a rotor-cooling scheme, affirming the effectiveness of a phase-change cooling device in a rotor for thermal performance improvement of an electric motor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Innovation Papers)

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27 pages, 22608 KiB

Open AccessArticle

IDeS (Industrial Design Structure) Method Applied to the Automotive Design Framework: Two Sports Cars with Shared Platform

by Leonardo Frizziero, Christian Leon-Cardenas, Gabriele Colasurdo, Alessandro Vicaretti and Alfredo Liverani

Inventions 2022, 7(2), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7020036 - 07 Apr 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4124

Abstract

The present study was set to validate two different suburban-type sportscar bodies with shared common underpinnings. The chosen method to develop this project was the Industrial Design Structure (IDeS), which characterizes the ability to use the different innovative techniques known within the industrial [...] Read more.

The present study was set to validate two different suburban-type sportscar bodies with shared common underpinnings. The chosen method to develop this project was the Industrial Design Structure (IDeS), which characterizes the ability to use the different innovative techniques known within the industrial field, across the whole organization. This method is embodied by following a series of structured analysis tools, such as QFD (Quality Function Deployment), Benchmarking (BM), Top-Flop analysis (TFA), Stylistic Design Engineering (SDE), Prototyping, Testing, Budgeting and Planning. This project aims to study the present-day car market and to foresee deployment in the near future. This attempt was confirmed by delivering the complete styling and technical feasibility characteristics of two different sports cars, obtained by the IDeS methodology. This approach of embodying design together with phases of product development would provide a better engineered, target-oriented product, that uses state-of-the-art style and CAD environments to reduce product development time and, hence, overall Time to Market (TTM). Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Innovation Papers)

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16 pages, 3370 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Calibration Dependencies and Accuracy Assessment of a Silicone Rubber 3D Printer

by Laszlo Jaksa, Dieter Pahr, Gernot Kronreif and Andrea Lorenz

Inventions 2022, 7(2), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7020035 - 04 Apr 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3074

Abstract

Silicone rubbers are relatively new in additive manufacturing, with only a few commercial printing services and reports on custom-built printers available. Publications and standards on calibration and accuracy assessment are especially lacking. In this study, the printhead calibration process of a custom-built silicone [...] Read more.

Silicone rubbers are relatively new in additive manufacturing, with only a few commercial printing services and reports on custom-built printers available. Publications and standards on calibration and accuracy assessment are especially lacking. In this study, the printhead calibration process of a custom-built silicone printer is explained, and a set of test objects is proposed and evaluated. The printer in use is based on an open-source filament printer, capable of multi-material printing with silicone rubbers and thermoplastic polymers. Three different high-viscosity single-component liquid silicone rubbers and one polylactic acid thermoplastic filament were used as printing materials. First, the calibration process of the silicone printhead was conducted, and the dependency of the dosing accuracy on silicone viscosity, nozzle diameter and extrusion speed was evaluated. Second, various test specimens were proposed and printed to characterize the accuracy and geometric limitations of this printer. These test parts contained features such as thin walls, slender towers, small holes and slots, unsupported overhangs and bridges. It was concluded that silicone viscosity strongly affects geometric inaccuracies. Design recommendations were deducted from the results, advising for wall thicknesses above 1 mm, slenderness ratios below 2, bridging lengths below 2 mm and unsupported overhang angles below 30°. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in 3D Printing 2.0)

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12 pages, 2463 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of a Multicolor 3D Printer Using a Novel Filament Shifting Mechanism

by Van Nguyen Thi Hai, Sinh Nguyen Phu, Terence Essomba and Jiing-Yih Lai

Inventions 2022, 7(2), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7020034 - 03 Apr 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3064

Abstract

Three-dimensional printing has become an unchallenged method for the manufacturing of complex shape objects. Although multicolor devices in Fuse Filament Feeder category recently have shown promising developments, their number still remains limited. The present study introduces the design of a new prototype of [...] Read more.

Three-dimensional printing has become an unchallenged method for the manufacturing of complex shape objects. Although multicolor devices in Fuse Filament Feeder category recently have shown promising developments, their number still remains limited. The present study introduces the design of a new prototype of three-dimensional printer using Fused Filament Feeder and capable of printing multicolor objects. A single-color three-dimensional printer is used as a platform and is augmented for multicolor printing by the implementation of a mechatronic device that provides two functions. First, a transmission mechanism based on planetary gears allows feeding the selected filament color toward the printing head. The second function is provided by a combination of a central cam disk and several pushing rods. It allows selecting the filament color to be fed by the transmission system. The mechatronic device has been dimensioned to manage five different filament colors and the printing head has been modified to accommodate a five-to-one diamond nozzle. The filament shifting device is integrated into the single-color three-dimensional printer and a series of validation experiments has been carried out. These tests have demonstrated the new prototype ability to print out multicolor objects and to rival with commercial three-dimensional printers in terms of dimensional accuracy. This shows the ability of the proposed design and method to be used to upgrade a standard single-color 3D printer into a multicolor one. The presented multicolor 3D printer will be available to the 3D printing community for free. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in 3D Printing 2.0)

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3 pages, 190 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Editorial for Special Issue “Perspectives and Challenges in Doctoral Research—Selected Papers from the 9th Edition of the Scientific Conference of the Doctoral Schools from the “Dunărea de Jos”

by Eugen Rusu and Gabriela Rapeanu

Inventions 2022, 7(2), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7020033 - 28 Mar 2022

Viewed by 2211

Abstract

This Editorial is dedicated to the 9th edition of the Scientific Conference organized by the Doctoral Schools of “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati (SCDS-UDJG), which was organized in June 2021 in Galati (Romania) [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Perspectives and Challenges in Doctoral Research—Selected Papers from the 9th Edition of the Scientific Conference of the Doctoral Schools from the “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi)

17 pages, 9834 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Novel Device Used to Monitor Hand Tremors during Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Events

by Abdullah F. Al-Aboosi and Rainer Fink

Inventions 2022, 7(2), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7020032 - 24 Mar 2022

Viewed by 2510

Abstract

Diabetes is one of the lifelong diseases that require systematic medical care to avoid life-menacing ramifications. Uncontrolled diabetes can cause severe damage to most internal body organs, probably leading to death. Particularly, nocturnal hypoglycemic that occur usually at night during sleep. Severe cases [...] Read more.

Diabetes is one of the lifelong diseases that require systematic medical care to avoid life-menacing ramifications. Uncontrolled diabetes can cause severe damage to most internal body organs, probably leading to death. Particularly, nocturnal hypoglycemic that occur usually at night during sleep. Severe cases of these events can lead to seizures, fainting, loss of consciousness, and death. The current medical devices lack to give the warning to reduce the risk of acquiring nocturnal hypoglycemic events because they use only for glucose monitoring during waking times. Consequently, the main goal of this work is to design and implement a new wearable device to detect and monitor tremors, which occur when a user has hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). The device can detect a frequency range of 4–12 Hz by using the accelerometer of Arduino Nano 33 BLE. It can send a signal to the phone application (app) via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). Once the phone receives a signal, the phone application can activate an alarm system to wake up the patient, call three selected contacts number, and universal emergency number. In case of the user is unresponsive, the app can provide the patient’s location, name, and date of birth to the emergency contacts numbers and universal emergency number. Additionally, the device cost is economically feasible and competitive compared to other medical devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Inventions and Innovation in Advanced Manufacturing)

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Inventions, Volume 7, Issue 2 (June 2022) – 14 articles

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