Tenebrio molitor Proteins-Derived DPP-4 Inhibitory Peptides: Preparation, Identification, and Molecular Binding Mechanism
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. The Enzymatic Hydrolysis of T. molitor Protein
2.3. Degree of Hydrolysis (DH) Assay
2.4. Analysis of DPP-4 Inhibition Activity
2.5. Structural Characterization
2.5.1. Ultraviolet (UV) Absorption Spectroscopy
2.5.2. Relative Fluorescence Intensity
2.5.3. Circular Dichroism (CD) Spectroscopy
2.5.4. Molecular Weight Distribution
2.6. Peptide Identification
2.7. The Synthesis of Peptide
2.8. Molecular Docking
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. DH of the T. molitor Protein Hydrolysates
3.2. Inhibition Effect of the T. molitor Protein Hydrolysates on DPP-4
3.3. Structural Characteristics of the T. molitor Protein Hydrolysates
3.4. Identification of Peptides of the T. molitor Protein Hydrolysates
3.5. The Inhibition of the Synthesized Peptides on DPP-4
3.6. Interaction between the Synthesized Peptides and DPP-4 Active Site
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Peptides | Molecular Weight (kDa) | Origin | PeptideRanker | Toxicity |
---|---|---|---|---|
APPDGGFWEWGD | 1333.54 | Beta-1, 3-glucanase | 0.93 | Non-Toxin |
LPDQWDWR | 1115.32 | C1 family cathepsin L11 | 0.88 | Non-Toxin |
NEAYFGFPR | 1100.31 | Hexamerin 1 | 0.87 | Non-Toxin |
SNGLPFPTRP | 1085.36 | Hexamerin 1 | 0.84 | Non-Toxin |
GLQFPTRPNF | 1176.48 | 86 kDa early-staged encapsulation inducing protein | 0.81 | Non-Toxin |
FPDDVTNPGGKPW | 1429.73 | Beta-1,3-glucanase | 0.76 | Non-Toxin |
IDDHFLFKEGDRF | 1638.98 | Arginine kinase | 0.70 | Non-Toxin |
GDYDPDAFNNDIGLIKL | 1880.29 | Putative serine proteinase | 0.69 | Non-Toxin |
APVIEKPSPGAF | 1212.57 | Acetylcholinesterase | 0.66 | Non-Toxin |
NGLQFPTRP | 1029.29 | 86 kDa early-staged encapsulation inducing protein | 0.66 | Non-Toxin |
IGGGDANAGEFPF | 1251.50 | Putative serine proteinase | 0.64 | Non-Toxin |
YPFWMSGEEFNLK | 1648.05 | Hexamerin 2 | 0.61 | Non-Toxin |
APDYEEANGKGVIIF | 1623.01 | Glutathione S-transferase delta | 0.60 | Non-Toxin |
Peptides | Salt Bridges | π-Cation Interactions | π-π Stacking | Hydrogen Bonding | Hydrophobic Interactions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LPDQWDWR | Arg125, Asp556, Lys554 | Arg125 | Tyr662 | Arg125, Gln553, Tyr547 | Val711, Val656, Tyr666, Trp659, Phe357, Tyr631, Trp629 |
APPDGGFWEWGD | Arg125, Arg356, Arg358, Lys554 | / | Tyr662 | Leu561, Ser630 | Val711, Val656, Tyr666, Arg358, Phe357, Tyr631, Trp629, Lys554 |
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Tan, J.; Yang, J.; Zhou, X.; Hamdy, A.M.; Zhang, X.; Suo, H.; Zhang, Y.; Li, N.; Song, J. Tenebrio molitor Proteins-Derived DPP-4 Inhibitory Peptides: Preparation, Identification, and Molecular Binding Mechanism. Foods 2022, 11, 3626. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11223626
Tan J, Yang J, Zhou X, Hamdy AM, Zhang X, Suo H, Zhang Y, Li N, Song J. Tenebrio molitor Proteins-Derived DPP-4 Inhibitory Peptides: Preparation, Identification, and Molecular Binding Mechanism. Foods. 2022; 11(22):3626. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11223626
Chicago/Turabian StyleTan, Jiao, Jing Yang, Xinyi Zhou, Ahmed Mahmoud Hamdy, Xilu Zhang, Huayi Suo, Yu Zhang, Ning Li, and Jiajia Song. 2022. "Tenebrio molitor Proteins-Derived DPP-4 Inhibitory Peptides: Preparation, Identification, and Molecular Binding Mechanism" Foods 11, no. 22: 3626. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11223626