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Volume 13
Issue 6
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Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ., Volume 13, Issue 6 (June 2023) – 13 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): Comparative international studies indicate that adolescent cigarette and alcohol use remain a challenging problem since they have long-term health consequences. Adolescence is a particularly risky life period since children become familiar with these substances usually in peer context. Adolescent smoking and drinking are not only a priority in prevention and health promotion but also in educational settings. This study examines adolescent substance use from the perspective of positive psychology and seeks potential protective factors on multiple levels which may be useful in the development of prevention programs. Our results confirm the role of self-control, social support from the family, school attachment and psychological well-being in the avoidance of adolescent smoking and drinking. These factors may act as potential assets in prevention. View this paper
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20 pages, 1892 KiB  
Article
Environmentally Specific Servant Leadership and Brand Citizenship Behavior: The Role of Green-Crafting Behavior and Employee-Perceived Meaningful Work
by Ibrahim A. Elshaer, Alaa M. S. Azazz, Chokri Kooli, Ali Saleh Alshebami, Mohammad M. A. Zeina and Sameh Fayyad
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(6), 1097-1116; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13060083 - 19 Jun 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2132
Abstract
Sustainability and environmental concerns have become increasingly important in the business world, with organizations seeking to integrate sustainable practices and enhance their brand citizenship behavior. Servant leadership that is focused on the environment is a type of leadership approach that gives prominence to [...] Read more.
Sustainability and environmental concerns have become increasingly important in the business world, with organizations seeking to integrate sustainable practices and enhance their brand citizenship behavior. Servant leadership that is focused on the environment is a type of leadership approach that gives prominence to preserving and promoting environmental sustainability. This study aims to examine the impact of environmentally specific servant leadership on brand citizenship behavior, with a focus on the mediating roles of green-crafting behavior and employee-identified meaningful work. Drawing on data from a survey of 319 employees working in hotels, this study conducted partial least square–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test a dual-moderated mediation model to explore the direct and indirect effects of environmentally specific servant leadership on brand citizenship behavior. The results of this study reveal that environmentally specific servant leadership has a significant and positive impact on green-crafting behavior and employee meaningful work. Moreover, green-crafting behavior and employee-perceived meaningful work both mediate the link between environmentally specific servant leadership and brand citizenship behavior. Specifically, green-crafting behavior acts as a mediator between environmentally specific servant leadership and employee-perceived meaningful work, while employee-perceived meaningful work mediates the link between green-crafting behavior and brand citizenship behavior. These findings have important implications for managers and organizations that seek to enhance their sustainability and brand citizenship behavior. Specifically, this study highlights the critical role of environmentally specific servant leadership (ESSL) in promoting green-crafting behavior and employee-perceived meaningful work, which in turn influence brand citizenship behavior. Therefore, organizations can improve their brand citizenship performance by developing ESSL behaviors and practices that foster green-crafting behavior and employee-perceived meaningful work. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education)
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15 pages, 558 KiB  
Review
Physical Exercise Decreases Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Central and Peripheral Tissues of Rodents: A Systematic Review
by Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes, Georgian Badicu, Gabriela Carvalho Jurema Santos, Tayrine Ordonio Filgueira, Rafael dos Santos Henrique, Raphael Fabrício de Souza, Felipe J. Aidar, Fabrício Oliveira Souto, Patrícia Chakur Brum and Claudia Jacques Lagranha
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(6), 1082-1096; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13060082 - 19 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1290
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) affects many tissues and contributes to the development and severity of chronic diseases. In contrast, regular physical exercise (PE) has been considered a powerful tool to prevent and control several chronic diseases. The present systematic review aimed to [...] Read more.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) affects many tissues and contributes to the development and severity of chronic diseases. In contrast, regular physical exercise (PE) has been considered a powerful tool to prevent and control several chronic diseases. The present systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of different PE protocols on ER stress markers in central and peripheral tissues in rodents. The eligibility criteria were based on PICOS (population: rodents; intervention: physical exercise/physical training; control: animals that did not undergo training; outcomes: endoplasmic reticulum stress; studies: experimental). The PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, and Scielo databases were analyzed systematically. Quality assessment was performed using SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool for animal studies. The results were qualitatively synthesized. Initially, we obtained a total of 2.490 articles. After excluding duplicates, 30 studies were considered eligible. Sixteen studies were excluded for not meeting the eligibility criteria. Therefore, 14 articles were included. The PE protocol showed decreased levels/expression of markers of ER stress in the central and peripheral tissues of rodents. PE can decrease ER stress by reducing cellular stress in the cardiac, brain, and skeletal muscle tissues in rodents. However, robust PE protocols must be considered, including frequency, duration, and intensity, to optimize the PE benefits of counteracting ER stress and its associated conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education)
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24 pages, 1883 KiB  
Article
“It’s Easy to Put Oneself in the Shoes of Others.” Results of a School Study in Geography Lessons on Working with Authentic Personal Narratives in Comparison to Factual Texts
by Astrid Lütje and Alexandra Budke
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(6), 1058-1081; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13060081 - 18 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1162
Abstract
Texts represent the most frequently used medium in geography teaching, although they do not belong to leading subject-specific media. Despite their undisputed didactic importance, they have not yet been sufficiently researched. In this article, we consider the use of authentic and personal narratives [...] Read more.
Texts represent the most frequently used medium in geography teaching, although they do not belong to leading subject-specific media. Despite their undisputed didactic importance, they have not yet been sufficiently researched. In this article, we consider the use of authentic and personal narratives in geography lessons. We first show their theoretical potential for realistic, multi-perspective and motivating teaching. Then, we present a school study in which the use of authentic, personal narratives was investigated in comparison to a factual text. The areas of investigation were the students’ understanding of the content of a geographical topic, their memory performance and their motivation to work. The results show that authentic, personal narratives are better suited than factual texts to convey a topic to pupils in a multi-perspective and differentiated way. They also confirm their potential to empathise better with other people and to understand their actions through changes in perspective. Regarding recall performance, however, the results show no difference between the two groups. Finally, the results of the school study are considered in the context of forming suggestions for the use of authentic, personal narratives in geography lessons. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education)
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15 pages, 649 KiB  
Article
Relationship between the Health Literacy and Self-Medication Behavior of Primary Health Care Clientele in the Hail Region, Saudi Arabia: Implications for Public Health
by Aidah Sanad Alqarni, Eddieson Pasay-an, Reynita Saguban, Dolores Cabansag, Ferdinand Gonzales, Sameer Alkubati, Sandro Villareal, Grace Ann Lim Lagura, Salman Amish Alshammari, Bader Emad Aljarboa and Romeo Mostoles, Jr.
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(6), 1043-1057; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13060080 - 18 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1869
Abstract
Background and aim: Because they are unaware of the potential adverse effects of medications, people frequently self-medicate as a form of self-care. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with health literacy and the propensity to self-medicate among the primary healthcare clientele [...] Read more.
Background and aim: Because they are unaware of the potential adverse effects of medications, people frequently self-medicate as a form of self-care. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with health literacy and the propensity to self-medicate among the primary healthcare clientele of the city of Hail, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This research employed a cross-sectional approach with the participation of 383 primary health center clientele of the Hail Region of Saudi Arabia. Participation was enacted via convenience sampling from December 2022 to February 2023. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The investigation utilized descriptive statistics as well as multiple linear regression and correlation for the data analysis. Results: Participants who were aged 30 years and above, single, had a college degree, were non-Saudi, had a white-collar occupation and received information from the internet/Google/YouTube had a significant relationship (p < 0.05) with health literacy. On the self-medication scale (SMS), there were significant relationships with age, marital status, educational level and occupation (p < 0.05). The nationality and source of information factors related to health had a positively significant effect on health literacy (p < 0.01), while middle age (24–29 years) had a positive effect on the self-medication scores (p < 0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between the health literacy screening scale (BRIEF) and the self-medication scale (SMS) scores (r = 421, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Age of 30 years old or above, single status, a college degree, non-Saudi status, white-collar occupation and receiving information from the internet/Google/YouTube were all significant for health literacy. There were also significant relationships with the SMS scores for age, marital status, educational level and occupation. The factors affecting health literacy were older participant age, nationality and the source of information regarding health. Conversely, among the participants, being in the middle-aged group (24–29 years) was a factor that affected their self-medication scores. There was a significant positive correlation between the health literacy screening scale (BRIEF) and the self-medication scale (SMS). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education)
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14 pages, 1357 KiB  
Article
Burnout of Greek Teachers: Measurement Invariance and Differences across Individual Characteristics
by Angelos Gkontelos, Julie Vaiopoulou and Dimitrios Stamovlasis
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(6), 1029-1042; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13060079 - 12 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1148
Abstract
Burnout (BT) is a vital determinant of work effectiveness and a well-studied psychological construct. The dominant theoretical perspectives have defined BT via the proposed dimensional structures and have provided the corresponding instruments for measuring them. The present endeavor adopts the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory [...] Read more.
Burnout (BT) is a vital determinant of work effectiveness and a well-studied psychological construct. The dominant theoretical perspectives have defined BT via the proposed dimensional structures and have provided the corresponding instruments for measuring them. The present endeavor adopts the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), as its purpose is to examine the psychometric properties of a short version for the Greek teachers and to find differences across their individual characteristics. The Greek short version of OLBI comprises two dimensions: Disengagement (four items) and Exhaustion (five items), with reliability measures utilizing Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega: Exhaustion (α = 0.810/ω = 0.823) and Disengagement (α = 0.742/ω = 0.756). Confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate fit of the measurement model: χ2 = 320.291, df = 26, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.970; TLI = 0.958; RMSEA = 0.068; 90% CI of RMSEA = [0.062; 0.075]; SRMR = 0.067; NFI = 0.967; GFI = 0.986]. The proposed model is extracted after two studies (N1 = 134, N2 = 2437). The novel aspect of this endeavor is the measurement invariance explored across selected demographic variables. The findings supporting the measurement invariance make an essential contribution to the field, and the implications for educational research are provided along with a concise presentation of theoretical issues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Positive Resources to Promote Well Being in Educational and Work Contexts and in Career Trajectories)
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3 pages, 229 KiB  
Editorial
The Role of Social Media as a Resource for Mental Health Care
by Ivan Herrera-Peco, Invención Fernández-Quijano and Carlos Ruiz-Núñez
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(6), 1026-1028; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13060078 - 10 Jun 2023
Viewed by 4829
Abstract
One of the major lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic was the importance of caring for the mental health of populations [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring the Dynamics of Social Networks and Mental Health: New Directions for Research)
11 pages, 274 KiB  
Article
Depressive, Anxiety, and Stress Symptoms in Parents of Children Being Admitted for Febrile Seizures in a Tertiary Hospital in the East Coast of Malaysia
by Azizah Othman, Salmi Abdul Razak, Ariffin Nasir, Anis Kausar Ghazali and Muhammad Amiro Rasheeq Mohd Radzi
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(6), 1015-1025; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13060077 - 09 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1756
Abstract
Febrile seizures in children are an alarming experience for parents. This study aimed to assess the psychological functioning of parents of children when they were being admitted for treatment of febrile seizures in the hospital, the importance of which is clear, since parents [...] Read more.
Febrile seizures in children are an alarming experience for parents. This study aimed to assess the psychological functioning of parents of children when they were being admitted for treatment of febrile seizures in the hospital, the importance of which is clear, since parents are the primary custodian of their children. This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 110 participants whose child had been admitted for a febrile seizure to Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from September 2020 until June 2021. The depression, anxiety, and stress levels were determined based on a validated Bahasa Melayu questionnaire of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). In addition, multiple logistic regression was used to determine the associated factors related to the participants’ psychological functioning. The mean age of children with febrile seizures were 21 months old, and most children showed features of simple febrile seizures (71.8%). The prevalence of anxiety, stress, and depression were 58.2%, 29%, and 23.6%, respectively. Using multiple logistic regression, child age, family history of febrile seizures, family history of epilepsy, and length of stay in the ward were found to be significantly associated with anxiety when adjusted for other variables. Otherwise, for depression and stress, no significant associated variables were found when adjusted for other variables. Anxiety was highly reported by participants when their children were admitted for febrile seizures. Several factors impacted their anxiety, including the lower the child’s age was, participants with no family history of febrile seizures before, and the longer duration of hospital stay. Therefore, further study and intervention on reducing the parent’s anxiety could be emphasized in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Study of Coping, Emotional Regulation, Prosocial Behavior, and Other Indicators of Psychological Well-Being)
15 pages, 357 KiB  
Article
The Relationship between Minority Stress and Depressive Symptoms in the LGBTQA Population from Poland
by Aleksandra Cisek and Aleksandra M. Rogowska
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(6), 1000-1014; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13060076 - 08 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1770
Abstract
The cross-sectional study examines minority stress and depression symptoms regarding various sexual and gender minority (SGM) identities in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and asexual (LGBTQA) individuals from Poland. The online survey was conducted among 509 people. Participants aged between 18 and 47 [...] Read more.
The cross-sectional study examines minority stress and depression symptoms regarding various sexual and gender minority (SGM) identities in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and asexual (LGBTQA) individuals from Poland. The online survey was conducted among 509 people. Participants aged between 18 and 47 (M = 22.39, SD = 4.78). Gender identity included 262 cisgender women, 74 cisgender men, 31 transgender women, 53 transgender men, and 89 nonbinary individuals. Sexual identity comprises 197 bisexual, 150 homosexual, 78 pansexual, 33 asexual, 21 undefined, 14 heterosexual, 9 demisexuals, 6 queer, and 1 sapiosexual individual. The Daily Heterosexist Experiences Questionnaire (DHEQ) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale—Revised (CESD-R) were used to measure minority stress and depression symptoms, respectively. Among LGBTQA participants, 99.80% declared minority stress at least once during the past year. In particular, vicarious trauma was experienced in 99.80% of participants, vigilance in 95.87%, harassment and discrimination in 80.35%, stress related to the family of origin in 69.16%, and to gender expression in 68.76% of respondents. Depression symptoms were found in 62.50% of respondents. Significantly higher rates of depression and minority stress were presented in dual than single SGM individuals. Binomial logistic regression showed that such sources of minority stress as vigilance, harassment, and gender expression could predict depression symptoms. Therefore, prevention and intervention programs should be designed for the LGBTQA population focusing on coping with these sources of minority stress, especially among those of dual SGM identity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Diversity Competence and Social Inequalities)
14 pages, 718 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Sociodemographic, Macroeconomic, and Health Status and Resources on Infant Mortality Rates in Oman: Evidence from 1980 to 2022
by Rawaa Abubakr Abuelgassim Eltayib, Mohammed Al-Azri and Moon Fai Chan
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(6), 986-999; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13060075 - 07 Jun 2023
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Abstract
Background: The infant mortality rate (IMR) is an important reflection of the well-being of infants and the overall health of the population. This study aims to examine the macroeconomic (ME), sociodemographic (SD), and health status and resources (HSR) effects on IMR, as well [...] Read more.
Background: The infant mortality rate (IMR) is an important reflection of the well-being of infants and the overall health of the population. This study aims to examine the macroeconomic (ME), sociodemographic (SD), and health status and resources (HSR) effects on IMR, as well as how they may interact with each other. Methods: A retrospective time-series study using yearly data for Oman from 1980 to 2022. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was utilized to develop the exploratory model of the determinants of IMR. Results: The model indicates that HSR determinants directly, but negatively, affect IMR (β = −0.617, p < 0.001). SD directly and positively affects IMR (β = 0.447, p < 0.001). ME only indirectly affects IMR (β = −0.854, p < 0.001). ME determinants also exert some direct influences on both HSR (β = 0.722, p < 0.001) and SD (β = −0.916, p < 0.001) determinants. Conclusions: This study has indicated that IMR is a multi-faceted issue. It also highlighted the interplay of numerous variables and their influence on IMR, particularly the role that social status, the health sector, and the wealth of the country and its population play in reducing IMR. These findings indicate that an integrated policy that addresses socioeconomic and health-related factors and the overall ME environment is necessary for the health and well-being of the children and the population overall in Oman. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Research in Clinical and Health Contexts)
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11 pages, 678 KiB  
Article
Measuring Vulnerability in Grief: The Psychometric Properties of the Italian Adult Attitude to Grief Scale
by Alessio Gori, Eleonora Topino, Pierluigi Imperatore, Alessandro Musetti, Julius Sim and Linda Machin
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(6), 975-985; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13060074 - 04 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1444
Abstract
Although experiences of loss and the consequent grief are natural in human life, some individuals may have difficulty managing these events, to the point of developing significant impairment in their functioning in important life areas. Given this, the present research aimed to explore [...] Read more.
Although experiences of loss and the consequent grief are natural in human life, some individuals may have difficulty managing these events, to the point of developing significant impairment in their functioning in important life areas. Given this, the present research aimed to explore the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Adult Attitude to Grief scale (AAG) to facilitate research on adult vulnerability to grief among Italian-speaking populations. A sample of 367 participants (Mage = 30.44, SD = 11.21; 78% females) participated in this research. A back-translation procedure was implemented to develop the Italian AAG. Then, participants completed the Italian AAG alongside a battery of other self-report psychometric scales in order to assess aspects of the construct validity of the AAG: the Forty-Item Defense Style Questionnaire, the Impact of Event Scale—Revised, and the Beck Depression Inventory–II. A bifactor structure was found to have the best fit to the data, supporting the possibility of using both the general factor (i.e., vulnerability) and three dimensions (i.e., overwhelmed, controlled, and resilient). Unlike the original version, the control dimension emerged as a “protective” factor in the Italian population, together with the resilient factor. Furthermore, results provided satisfactory indications of internal consistency and construct validity. In conclusion, the Italian AAG was shown to be a valid, reliable, quick, and easy-to-use scale that can be used both for research and clinical practice in the Italian context. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education)
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11 pages, 619 KiB  
Article
Ability and Trait Emotional Intelligence: Do They Contribute to the Explanation of Prosocial Behaviour?
by Ana Babić Čikeš and Jasmina Tomašić Humer
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(6), 964-974; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13060073 - 02 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1631
Abstract
Previous research on ability emotional intelligence (EI) has shown that EI positively contributes to different positive life outcomes. However, the role of EI abilities in prosocial behaviour (PSB) has not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships [...] Read more.
Previous research on ability emotional intelligence (EI) has shown that EI positively contributes to different positive life outcomes. However, the role of EI abilities in prosocial behaviour (PSB) has not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between EI abilities measured by tests and self-reports, empathy and PSB in the student population. A total of N = 331 university students completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, two EI tests, and self-report measures of EI, cognitive empathy, emotional reactivity and PSB. Of all EI measures, only self-reports correlated with PSB. Cognitive and emotional empathy were also related to PSB. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that self-assessed EI, cognitive empathy and emotional reactivity were predictors of PSB. Cognitive empathy and emotional reactivity also mediated the relationship between self-assessed EI and PSB. The results showed that for the prediction of PSB, it is important how a person evaluates his emotional abilities, and not what the actual level of these abilities is. Furthermore, people with higher self-estimated EI behave prosocially more often because they experience empathy to a greater extent, both cognitively and emotionally. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education)
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16 pages, 1606 KiB  
Article
The Effectiveness of a Recreational Behavioural Programme in Reducing Anger among Children with Intellectual Disabilities at the Primary Stage
by Ahmed R. Elsayed and Ahmed K. Hassan
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(6), 948-963; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13060072 - 02 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1196
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of a recreational behavioural programme on reducing the degree of anger among children with intellectual disabilities (ID) in the primary stage. The study was implemented with 24 children who were randomly divided into two groups: an [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the impact of a recreational behavioural programme on reducing the degree of anger among children with intellectual disabilities (ID) in the primary stage. The study was implemented with 24 children who were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group (n = 12, age = 10.80 ± 1.03 years, IQ = 63.10 ± 4.43 scores, ASW = 55.50 ± 1.51 scores) and a control group (n = 12, age = 10.80 ± 0.92 years, IQ = 63.00 ± 4.16 scores, ASW = 56.00 ± 1.15 scores). We used the PROMIS anger scale with a modification that was used to measure the degree of anger, and the recreational behavioural programme was implemented three times per week for six weeks. The results of the research showed that the improvement percentages for Anger Triggers (AT), Inner Anger (IA), and External Anger (EA) were 9.73%, 9.04%, and 9.60%, respectively, and the Anger scale as a whole (ASW) rate was 9.46%. r = (0.89–0.91). The experimental group using the recreational behavioural programme also outperformed the control group, as the results indicated a decrease in the intensity of anger in the direction of the experimental group. The differences in the improvement percentages for Anger Triggers (AT) Inner Anger (IA), and External Anger (EA) were 32.97%, 31.03%, and 26.63%, respectively, and the Anger scale as a whole (ASW) rate was 30.09%, r = (0.82–0.86). The results of the study confirmed the effectiveness of the recreational activity programme in developing social interaction among children with intellectual disabilities, which indicates the success of the recreational behavioural programme in reducing the degree of anger among children with IDs. Therefore, the recreational behavioural programme had a positive effect in terms of reducing the degree of anger among children with IDs in the primary stage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Study of Coping, Emotional Regulation, Prosocial Behavior, and Other Indicators of Psychological Well-Being)
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16 pages, 358 KiB  
Article
Multi-Level Protective Factors of Adolescent Smoking and Drinking
by Réka Dudok and Bettina F. Piko
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(6), 932-947; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13060071 - 30 May 2023
Viewed by 1599
Abstract
Adolescence is the most critical life stage for experimentation with substance use; however, this is also the most suitable period for strengthening protective factors and thus promoting adult physical and mental health. Since smoking and drinking still appear among the most frequent types [...] Read more.
Adolescence is the most critical life stage for experimentation with substance use; however, this is also the most suitable period for strengthening protective factors and thus promoting adult physical and mental health. Since smoking and drinking still appear among the most frequent types of substance abuse in Europe, this study aims to examine the role of potential protective factors at multiple levels for adolescent smoking and drinking: psychological factors at the individual level, aspects of school attachment at the school level, social support variables at the social level, and measures of quality of life at the level of mental health. This cross-sectional survey involved a sample of adolescents (aged 11–18 years, N = 276) in Budapest and villages in its metropolitan area (Hungary). In addition to descriptive statistics, logistic regression analyses were used to detect odds for potential protective factors. There were no sex differences in adolescents’ substance use. Self-control seems to be a universal and most determining protective factor against substance use, while other potential protective factors (self-esteem, resilience, social support from family or significant others, school attachment, and mental well-being) may also contribute to prevention. However, age and friend support acted as risk factors. Findings suggest that a complex approach to prevention should receive consideration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Variables Related to Well-Being in Adolescence)
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