Application of Magnetic Composites in Removal of Tetracycline through Adsorption and Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs): A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Different Kinds of MCs and Their Fabrication Methods
2.1. Types of Magnetic Materials
2.2. Synthesis Methods for MCs
3. Applications of MCs for TC Adsorption
3.1. Carbon-Based MCs
3.1.1. Graphene-Based MCs
3.1.2. Biochar-Based MCs
3.2. Polymer-Based MCs
3.2.1. Chitosan-Based MCs
3.2.2. Resin-Based MCs
3.3. Metal–Organic Framework (MOFs)
3.4. Others
4. Magnetic Composites-Catalyzed Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)
4.1. Hydrogen Peroxide Based Advanced Oxidation Processes (H-AOPs)
4.2. Sulfate Radical Based Advanced Oxidation Processes (S-AOPs)
4.3. Photocatalysis
5. Synergistic Effects between MC Components for Degrading TC
6. Reusability of MCs
7. Recommendations
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material Category | Species | Magnetic Materials | Synthesis Techniques | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Carbon-based magnetic materials | Graphene | Sodium citrate coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles | Pyrolysis, co-precipitation | [54] |
Graphene | Thiourea-dioxide–reduced magnetic graphene oxide | Pyrolysis, co-precipitation | [63] | |
Graphene | Nitrilotriacetic acid-functionalized magnetic graphene oxide | Pyrolysis, co-precipitation, Hydrothermal/Solgel | [64] | |
Graphene | Magnetic graphene oxide/ZnO nanocomposites | Pyrolysis, co-precipitation, Hydrothermal/Solgel | [65] | |
Biochar | MnFe2O4/activated carbon magnetic composite | Pyrolysis, co-precipitation | [66] | |
Biochar | Magnetic porous carbon from waste hydrochar | Pyrolysis | [67] | |
Biochar | Sugarcane bagasse magnetic carbon composites | Pyrolysis | [68] | |
Biochar | Activated sawdust hydrochar | Pyrolysis | [69] | |
Biochar | Magnetic chicken bone biochar | Pyrolysis, co-precipitation | [70] | |
Biochar | Alkali-acid modified magnetic biochar | Pyrolysis, hydrothermal/solgel | [71] | |
Biochar | Magnetic carbon-coated cobalt oxide nanoparticles | Sonochemical, pyrolysis | [72] | |
Biochar | Modification and magnetization of rice straw derived biochar | Pyrolysis, impregnation method | [47] | |
Biochar | Ferroferric oxide nanoparticles assisted powdered activated carbon | Co-precipitation | [30] | |
Biochar | Biochar-supported iron-copper bimetallic composite activating oxygen system | Pyrolysis, co-precipitation | [73] | |
Biochar | Hydrothermal synthesis of magnetic sludge biochar | Pyrolysis, Hydrothermal/solgel | [74] | |
Polymer-based magnetic materials | Chitosan | Carbon disulfide-modified magnetic ion-imprinted chitosan-Fe(III) | Co-precipitation, Hydrothermal/solgel | [69] |
Resin | Novel magnetic multi-amine resins | Hydrothermal/solgel, copolymerization, post-crosslinking, and amination | [75] | |
Urethane polymer | Sustainable magnetic polyurethane polymer nanocomposite | Co-precipitation | [76] | |
Chitosan | Chitosan based magnetic nanocomposite | Copolymerization, sonochemical, hydrothermal/solgel | [46] | |
Chitosan | NiFe2O4-COF-chitosan-terephthalaldehyde nanocomposites film | Sonochemical | [77] | |
Resin | magnetic multi-amine decorated resin | Co-precipitation, polymerization, post-crosslinking reactions, and amination. | [5] | |
MOFs | MOFs-chitosan composite beads | Hydrothermal reaction or solvothermal reaction | [78] | |
Fe-based MOFs | Solvothermal method, | [79] | ||
Others | Magnetic adsorbent constructed from the loading of amino functionalized Fe3O4 | Solvothermal method, | [80] | |
La-modified magnetic composite | Co-precipitation | [81] | ||
Co-existing TiO2nanoparticles magnetically modified kaolin | In-situ precipitation and oxidization | [82] |
Material | Initial Concentration of TC (mg/L) | Dosage (g/L) | Adsorption Conditions | Adsorption Capacity (mg/g) | Isotherms/Kinetics Model | References | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | T (K) | t (min) | ||||||
Fe3O4 magnetized graphene oxide sponge | 400 | 0.625 | 3 | 308 | 2880 | 473 | Temkin model/pseudo-second-order model | [54] |
Ferromanganese oxide magnetic modified biochar | 100 | 0.4 | 6 | 318 | 1440 | 101 | Freundlich model/pseudo-second-order model | [27] |
Magnetic nano-scale biosorbent | 10 | - | 6 | 303 | - | 56.0 | Langmuir model/pseudo-second-order model | [84] |
Fe3O4 magnetized porous carbon | 30 | 1 | - | 303 | 7200 | - | Freundlich model/pseudo-second-order model | [67] |
MnFe2O4/activated carbon | 222 | 1 | 5 | 298 | - | 591 | Freundlich model/pseudo-second-order model | [66] |
Fe3O4 magnetized chicken bone biochar | 100 | 10 | 8 | 299 | 1440 | 93.2 | Freundlich model | [70] |
Nitrilotriacetic acid-functionalized Fe3O4 magnetized graphene oxide: | 50 | 0.192 | 4.0 | 298 | 1440 | 212 | Langmuir model/Pseudo-second-order model | [85] |
Magnetic hydrochar | 100 | 0.4 | - | 298 | 120 | 424 | Langmuir model/pseudo-second-order model | [86] |
Thiourea-dioxide–reduced Fe3O4 magnetized graphene oxide | 10 | 70 | 4 | 313 | 1440 | 1233 | Langmuir model/pseudo-second-order model | [63] |
Modified Fe3O4 magnetized polyoxometalates nanoparticle | 150 | 1 | 6.8 | 298 | 1440 | 133 | Temkin model/pseudo-second-order | [80] |
Fe3O4@ZIF-8 microspheres | - | 2.5 | - | 318 | 120 | 402 | Langmuir model/pseudo-second-order kinetics model | [87] |
Carbon disulfide-modified magnetic ion-imprinted chitosan–Fe (III) | 100 | 0.5 | 8 | 298 | - | 516 | Langmuir model/pseudo-second-order model | [69] |
ϒ-Fe2O3/nanoporous activated carbon composite | 150 | 0.1 | 4 | 323 | 270 | 60.6 | Langmuir model/pseudo-second-order model | [88] |
Fe3O4 magnetized starch polyurethane | 20 | 2.5 | 6 | 298 | 240 | 16.4 | Freundlich and Redlich–Peterson isotherm models/pseudo-nth order model | [76] |
Fe3O4 magnetized resin | 100 | 0.2 | - | 303 | - | - | Freundlich models/pseudo-second-order model | [89] |
Fe3O4 magnetized imprinted polymer nanoshell | 88.89 | 0.5 | - | 298 | 720 | 55.0 | Langmuir model/pseudo-second-order model | [90] |
Fe3O4 magnetized carbon composites | 80 | 2 | 6.8 | 303 | 1560 | 48.4 | Freundlich model/pseudo-second-order model | [68] |
Fe3O4 magnetized polystyrene EDTA microsphere | 40 | 3 | 6.3 | 303 | 720 | 166 | Temkin model/pseudo-second-order model | [91] |
Fe3O4 magnetized macro-reticulated cross-linked chitosan | - | 2 | - | - | 120 | - | Freundlich model/pseudo-second-order model | [92] |
Auricularia-based Ni nanoparticles magnetized porous carbon | - | - | - | 318 | 720 | 397 | Langmuir model/pseudo-second-order model | [93] |
Fe3O4 magnetized chitosan nanoparticles | 50 | 0.5 | 5.0 | 298 | 2880 | 78.1 | Langmuir model/pseudo-second-order model | [94] |
La-modified magnetic composite | 25 | 0.4 | 7 | 298 | 1440 | 146 | Freundlich model/pseudo-second-order model | [81] |
Zr(VI)-based metal organic framework UiO-66- (COOH)2/GO composite | 100 | 0.5 | - | 298 | 2880 | 165 | Langmuir model/pseudo-secondary kinetic model | [95] |
Alkali-acid modifified magnetic biochar | 200 | 1 | 7 | 318 | 1440 | 172.0 | Langmuir–Freundlich model /pseudo-second-order kinetics | [71] |
Magnetic carbon-coated cobalt oxide nanoparticles (CoO@C) | 20 | 0.2 | 8 | - | 180 | 769 | Temkin model /pseudo-second order model | [72] |
Nanocomposites of Zero-va@Activated carbon | 700 | 2.5 | 5 | 298 | 20 | 81.5 | Langmuir model /pseudo-second-order models. | [96] |
Chitosan based magnetic nanocomposite | 60 | 0.1 | 7 | 298 | 180 | 215 | Langmuir isotherm /pseudosecond-order model | [46] |
Magnetic cellulose | 100 | 1 | 7 | 298 | 2880 | 44.9 | Freundlich model /Weber–Morris curve | [97] |
Metal–organic framework MIL-101(Cr) loaded nano zero-valent iron | 100 | 0.15 | - | 318 | 120 | 625 | Langmuir model /pseudosecond-order model | [98] |
Magnetic Fe/porous carbon hybrid (MagFePC) | 140 | 0.05 | 7 | 298 | 1440 | 1301 | Langmuir model /pseudo-second-order model | [99] |
Magnetic chicken bone biochar (MCB) | 100 | 1 | 8 | 299 | 1440 | 98.9 | Freundlich isotherm | [70] |
Fe3O4-g-CN@PEI-β-CD NC | 265 | 0.04 | 9.2 | 320.1 | 20 | 833 | Langmuir model /pseudo-second-order model | [100] |
Magnetic sludge biochar (Fe/Zn-SBC) | 200 | 0.2 | - | 298 | 1440 | 145 | Freundlich model /pseudo-second-order model | [74] |
NiFe2O4-COF-chitosan-terephthalaldehyde nanocomposites fifilm (NCCT) | 100 | 0.17 | 8 | - | 2400 | 389 | Langmuir model /pseudo-second-order model | [77] |
Magnetic graphene oxide/ZnO nanocomposites (MZ) | 500 | 0.278 | 6 | - | 2400 | 1590 | Freundlich model, /pseudo-second-order kinetics model | [65] |
Fe-based metal–organic frameworks | 100 | 4 | - | 298 | 1440 | 421 | Freundlich model, /pseudo-second-order kinetics model | [79] |
Magnetic Materials | Synthesis Techniques | Leading Reactive Species | Removal Rate (%) | Quenchers | Advanced Oxidation Processes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fe3O4@MSC | Co-precipitation process and a calcination process | •OH | 99% | NA | H-AOPs | [135] |
Biochar modified CuFeO2 (CuFeO2/BC) | Hydrothermal method | •OH | 88% | Tert-butanol (TBA) and benzoquinone (BQ) | H-AOPs | [123] |
Fe3O4-Cs | Co-precipitation | •OH | 96% | TBA, KI, BQ and DMPO | H-AOPs | [124] |
Magnetic core–shell MnFe2O4@C | Hydrothermal synthesis | •OH | 64% | TBA and BQ | H-AOPs | [131] |
Fe-MOFs | Solvothermal method | •OH | 83% | NA | H-AOPs | [125] |
Magnetic NiFe2O4/C yolk-shell nanospheres | Calcination | •OH and •O2− | 97% | Isopropanol (IPA), 4-hydroxy-TEMPO (TEMPO), and triethanolamine (TEOA) | H-AOPs | [130] |
Fe3O4 nanospheres | One-pot solvothermal method | •OH, •O2−, and •HO2 | 80% | TBA, KI, and BQ | H-AOPs | [133] |
Magnetic palygorskite nanoparticles (Pal@Fe3O4) | Co-precipitation method | •OH and •O2− | 73% | NA | H-AOPs | [129] |
TiO2/Fe3O4 hierarchical porous composites | High-temperature calcination | •OH and •O2− | 98% | TBA | H-AOPs | [136] |
Iron–cobalt oxide nanosheets (CoFe-ONSs) | Surfactant-aided co-reduction process | •OH | 84% | TBA | H-AOPs | [134] |
FeNi3/SiO2/ZnO magnetic nano-composite | Solvothermal method | h+, •O2− and •OH | 100% | NA | H-AOPs | [137] |
MnFe2O4@C-NH2 nanoparticles | Hydrothermal synthesis | •OH | 64% | TBA and BQ | H-AOPs | [131] |
Sulfurized oolitic hematite | Calcination | •OH and •O2− | 90% | TBA and p-BQ | H-AOPs | [138] |
Pyrite | NA | •OH | 85% | NA | H-AOPs | [132] |
Mn doped magnetic biochar (MMBC) | Co-precipitation and high temperature calcination | SO4•− and •OH | 93% | Methanol (MeOH), TBA and BQ | S-AOPs | [139] |
Magnetic rape straw biochar (MRSB) | Pyrolysis | •O2−, •OH and SO4•− | 86% | NA | S-AOPs | [140] |
FeS@BC | Physical ball milling | •OH and SO4•− | 87% | NA | S-AOPs | [108] |
Biochar supported nanosized iron (nFe(0)/BC) | Chemical reduction method | •OH and SO4•− | 98% | ethanol (EtOH) and TBA | S-AOPs | [141] |
Fe@GBC | One-step method | •OH and SO4•− | 100% | MeOH and TBA | S-AOPs | [142] |
Nano Fe(0) immobilized mesoporous carbon | Liquid-phase reduction method | SO4•− | 92% | MeOH and TBA | S-AOPs | [143] |
Fe-N-BC | Pyrolysis | •O2−, •OH, SO4•− and 1O2 | 98% | MeOH and TBA | S-AOPs | [144] |
MS-biochar | One-pot synthetic method | •OH and SO4•− | 89% | MeOH and TBA | S-AOPs | [145] |
Fe-SCG biochar | Pyrolysis | •OH and SO4•− | 96% | NA | S-AOPs | [9] |
Fe-MOFs | Microwave-assisted synthesis | •O2− and SO4•− | 98% | EtOH, TBA and p-BQ | S-AOPs | [82] |
Fe(II)-based metal–organic frameworks | Hydrothermal synthesis | •O2−, •OH and SO4•− | 97% | NA | S-AOPs | [146] |
Magetite nanoparticles (MNPs) | Hydrothermal methods | •OH and SO4•− | 74% | MeOH | S-AOPs | [113] |
Magnetic CuO/MnFe2O4 nanocomposite | Co-precipitation | •OH and SO4•− | 91% | MeOH and TBA | S-AOPs | [147] |
CuFe2O4 magnetic nano-particles | Sol–gel combustion method | •OH and SO4•− | 89% | MeOH | S-AOPs | [64] |
G-C3N4@CoFe2O4/Fe2O3 composite | Hydrothermal and calcination method | •OH and SO4•− | 100% | BQ, EDTA, TBA and IPA | S-AOPs | [148] |
MnFe2O4 nanoparticles | Coprecipitation method | •O2−, •OH, SO4•− and •O2− | 86% | EtOH, TBA, p-BQ, and L-His | S-AOPs | [149] |
Magnetic NixFe3-xO4 | Calcination | •OH and SO4•− | 86% | t-BuOH and MeOH | S-AOPs | [117] |
Agx-BiFeO3 | Sol–gel method | •OH and SO4•− | 91% | t-BuOH and MeOH | S-AOPs | [150] |
MIL-101(Fe)/TiO2 composite | Solvothermal method | •OH | 90% | NA | S-AOPs | [151] |
Fe0@POCN/CQDs | Selfassembly method | h+, •O2−, •OH and SO4•− | 98% | Sodium oxalate (SO), BQ and IPA | S-AOPs | [152] |
CNx/Fe3O4/SS | Electro-polymerization and Pyrolysis | •OH and SO4•− | 100% | NA | S-AOPs | [153] |
Fe3O4 nanoparticles | Solvothermal method | •OH and SO4•− | 93% | NA | S-AOPs | [154] |
Fe3O4-NCS-x | Hydrothermal precarbonization and pyrolysis | •OH and •O2− | 97% | MeOH, TBA and p-BQ | S-AOPs | [111] |
MnFe-LDO–biochar | Co-precipitation-calcination process | h+, •O2−, •OH and SO4•− | 98% | t-BuOH | photocatalysis | [155] |
TiO2 decorated on magnetic activated carbon (MAC@T) | NA | •OH and 1O2 | 93% | KI, TBA and sodium azide (NaN3) | photocatalysis | [123] |
Fe-based metal organic frameworks (MIL-88A) | Hydrothermal method | •O2− and SO4•− | 100% | TBA, EtOH, N2 and N2 plus EtOH | photocatalysis | [156] |
ZnO/γ-Fe2O3 | Microwave assisted aqueous solution method | •O2− and •OH | 86% | LAA, IPA and EDTA-Na2 | photocatalysis | [128] |
ZnFe2O4 | Co-precipitation method | h+ and •O2− | 92% | t-BuOH, EDTA and BQ | photocatalysis | [157] |
3D CoFe2O4/N-rGA | Hydrothermal method | •OH and SO4•− | 94% | TBA | photocatalysis | [158] |
FeNi3@SiO2@TiO2 nanocomposite | Sol–gel method | •OH | 100% | NA | photocatalysis | [53] |
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Fan, B.; Tan, Y.; Wang, J.; Zhang, B.; Peng, Y.; Yuan, C.; Guan, C.; Gao, X.; Cui, S. Application of Magnetic Composites in Removal of Tetracycline through Adsorption and Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs): A Review. Processes 2021, 9, 1644. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9091644
Fan B, Tan Y, Wang J, Zhang B, Peng Y, Yuan C, Guan C, Gao X, Cui S. Application of Magnetic Composites in Removal of Tetracycline through Adsorption and Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs): A Review. Processes. 2021; 9(9):1644. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9091644
Chicago/Turabian StyleFan, Beibei, Yi Tan, Jingxin Wang, Bangxi Zhang, Yutao Peng, Chengpeng Yuan, Chungyu Guan, Xing Gao, and Shihao Cui. 2021. "Application of Magnetic Composites in Removal of Tetracycline through Adsorption and Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs): A Review" Processes 9, no. 9: 1644. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9091644