Healthcare

9 pages, 1319 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anatomical Evaluation of Posterior Maxillary Roots in Relation to the Maxillary Sinus Floor in a Saudi Sub-Population: A Cross-Sectional Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study

by Abdulaziz Abdulwahed, Mohammed Mustafa, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, Ahmad Alomran, Khalid Alasimi, Abdulrahman Alsayeg, Abdullah Alsakaker and Hadi Mohammed Alamri

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010150 - 03 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2151

Abstract

To evaluate the mean distance and differences between posterior maxillary teeth and maxillary sinus floor (MSF) concerning the age and gender of the patients, a total of 124 maxillary sinuses and 496 posterior maxillary teeth were randomly selected in 62 cone-beam computed tomography [...] Read more.

To evaluate the mean distance and differences between posterior maxillary teeth and maxillary sinus floor (MSF) concerning the age and gender of the patients, a total of 124 maxillary sinuses and 496 posterior maxillary teeth were randomly selected in 62 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Mean distances between posterior maxillary roots (PMRs) from different teeth and the MSF were measured using a calibrated tool in the software. Other relations regarding the gender and age of the patients were determined. The mean root–MSF distances in the right and left first premolars were more significant compared to the second premolars. No significant relation was found between the apices of the right and left first and second molar roots and the floor of the maxillary sinus concerning gender. A statistically significant relation was found between the apices of the buccal root of the right first premolar, right and left first and second molars and floor of the maxillary sinus concerning the age group 21–40 years (p-value = 0.009). This study showed that the second molar mesiobuccal root apex is frequently related to the sinus floor. Differences were reported concerning age, concerning the distance between posterior maxillary teeth and the maxillary sinus floor. CBCT technology helped provide the clinical proximity between the MSF and the posterior teeth root apices during the treatment planning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Healthcare: Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment)

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11 pages, 428 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association between Experiences in Life and Quality of Life among Lebanese University Students in a Collapsing Country: The Moderating Role of Religious Coping and Positivity

by Sara Moussa, Diana Malaeb, Muna Barakat, Toni Sawma, Sahar Obeid and Souheil Hallit

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010149 - 03 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1885

Abstract

(1) Background: No goal can be more important than optimal individual quality of life (QOL); life experiences, religious coping, and positivity play pivotal roles in achieving this goal. The aim is to assess the correlation between positive/negative experiences in life and QOL, taking [...] Read more.

(1) Background: No goal can be more important than optimal individual quality of life (QOL); life experiences, religious coping, and positivity play pivotal roles in achieving this goal. The aim is to assess the correlation between positive/negative experiences in life and QOL, taking into consideration the moderating role of positivity and positive/negative religious coping among a sample of Lebanese university students. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out between November and December 2021, and enrolled 333 university students, aged between 18 and 30 years, from various areas in Lebanon’s governorates. The 12-item Short Form Health Survey, the brief religious coping methods scale, and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience were included in the questionnaire. Forward linear regressions were conducted to check for correlates associated with physical and mental QOL scores. All variables that showed a correlation or effect size > |0.24| were entered in the multivariable and moderation models as independent ones. Significance was set at a p < 0.05. (3) Results: A linear regression, taking the physical QOL score as the dependent variable, showed that living in rural areas compared to urban and more positivity were significantly associated with a better physical QOL, whereas more negative religious coping was significantly associated with a lower physical QOL. More positivity and more positive religious coping were significantly associated with a better mental QOL. The moderation analysis showed that in people with high positive experiences, those with higher negative religious coping had lower mental QOL. (4) Conclusions: In a society as deeply religious as Lebanon, it is crucial to organize awareness programs to help in discriminating between religious coping mechanisms. Across order to stop further detrimental effects on QOL, our findings may serve as a solid foundation for future studies of QOL with additional variables, in other groups and nations. Full article

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13 pages, 1623 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Structures and Activities of Health Promotion in the Italian NHS

by Roberta Bosco, Gabriele Messina, Bruno Aiello, Giovanni Guarducci and Nicola Nante

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010148 - 03 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1751

Abstract

Background: In Italy, the Ministry of Health is the main decision-making entity in healthcare. The local health authorities (LHAs) are responsible for health promotion (HP) activities, based on national and regional health plans. Our aim was to investigate the structured activities of HP [...] Read more.

Background: In Italy, the Ministry of Health is the main decision-making entity in healthcare. The local health authorities (LHAs) are responsible for health promotion (HP) activities, based on national and regional health plans. Our aim was to investigate the structured activities of HP in Italy at national, regional, and territorial levels. Methods: From February 2020 to July 2021, we searched for online information about the structures, projects, and responsibilities at the different levels mentioned above. The sources were the official sites of the Ministry of Health, the regions, and LHAs. Results: During the “prevalence period” of 2014–2021, we found 41 active facilities dedicated to HP: 7 complex operational units and 34 simple units. The other 30 facilities also had HP activities despite the absence of dedicated units. The most discussed topic seemed to be physical activity (63%), followed by addictions (53%), nutrition (48%), and prevention (33%); in the queue appeared dental hygiene and family/parenting (both at 7%). The LHA of the City of Turin and the LHA of Salerno had the most significant number of topics. Conclusions: The results showed great heterogeneity, in the Italian context, concerning HP activities. We assume that the phenomenon depends on reduced attention to the digitalization of information. The Italian Society of Health Promotion is pursuing the goal of the construction of an organic system of HP—with its own articulations, competencies, and scientific and operational goals—at different levels, thus transcending the health care system (which is often powerless in regulatory activity) and providing the one harbinger of the most promising results in terms of cost/benefit. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Education and Promotion in the Community)

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11 pages, 1020 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Usefulness of YouTube in Sharing Information about New Gene Therapy for Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Content Analysis

by Kyeong Yeol Kim, Chan Woong Jang, Seok Young Chung, Myungsang Kim, Sung-Rae Cho and Han Eol Cho

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010147 - 03 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2158

Abstract

This study aimed to objectively assess YouTube videos’ quality, reliability, and information delivery capability regarding novel spinal muscular atrophy treatments. Using the keywords “nusinersen”, “spinraza”, “ridisplam”, “evrysdi”, “onasemnogene abeparvovec”, and “zolgensma”, we were able to retrieve and screen 360 videos before settling on [...] Read more.

This study aimed to objectively assess YouTube videos’ quality, reliability, and information delivery capability regarding novel spinal muscular atrophy treatments. Using the keywords “nusinersen”, “spinraza”, “ridisplam”, “evrysdi”, “onasemnogene abeparvovec”, and “zolgensma”, we were able to retrieve and screen 360 videos before settling on a final sample of 99 on 25 September 2022. Then, two independent raters used the mDISCERN and GQS instruments to evaluate the videos’ reliability and quality and the Information Delivery Capability (IDC) score to assess the videos’ accuracy and patient-friendliness. The quality, reliability, and information delivery capability of the videos about the new treatment for SMA were quite heterogeneous, with an average mDISCERN, GQS, and IDC score of 3.172 ± 0.899, 2.980 ± 1.025, and 4.141 ± 1.747, respectively. In-depth analysis showed that healthcare expert videos that explained contents while showing infographic supplements had good quality, reliability, and information delivery capability. As YouTube is already a dominant media platform, the public may obtain new information about novel therapeutics for SMA through YouTube. It is necessary to consider how SMA patients and caregivers can choose trusted sources with reliable information on YouTube, and our results can provide clues. Additionally, experts should strive to provide more accurate, reliable, and patient-oriented videos. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Social Media in Innovative Digital Health)

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12 pages, 259 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Mixed-Methods Sequential Explanatory Study of the Factors That Impact Nurses’ Perspectives toward Nurse Practitioners’ Roles in Saudi Arabia

by Ali Kerari, Ghareeb Bahari, Nahed Aldossery, Omaimah Qadhi and Alya Alghamdi

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010146 - 03 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2578

Abstract

Nurse practitioners’ roles need to be clearly defined in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, we aimed to explore potential factors that impact nurses’ perspectives toward nurse practitioners’ roles and whether they are interested in becoming nurse practitioners. A mixed-methods study design was employed using a [...] Read more.

Nurse practitioners’ roles need to be clearly defined in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, we aimed to explore potential factors that impact nurses’ perspectives toward nurse practitioners’ roles and whether they are interested in becoming nurse practitioners. A mixed-methods study design was employed using a questionnaire and focus groups. The survey was sent to nurses working at a public hospital in the Riyadh region. Participants (N = 77) reported that having more nurse practitioners would improve quality of care and patient safety. Additionally, most participants stated that an increased supply of nurse practitioners would have a positive impact on effectiveness, equity of care, and healthcare costs. In regression analysis, participants with favorable perspectives towards nurse practitioners were significantly more likely to have interest in becoming nurse practitioners (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]:1.04 [1.01–1.07]). In the qualitative domain, three positive factors were identified: effective collaboration with other staff, better contribution to quality care and patient safety, and better contribution to evidence-based practice. Two barriers were also determined: lack of motivation to become a nurse practitioner and unclear scope of practice. Results showed that nurse practitioners can provide quality healthcare services that meet patients’ different needs. The growing role of this speciality warrants further research to show its value in daily practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nursing)

9 pages, 2482 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

The First Attempt to Apply an Online Mindfulness Program to Nursing Staff in a Traditional Korean Medicine Clinic in COVID-19 Era: A Case Series

by Chan-Young Kwon and Do Hyeon Park

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010145 - 03 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1293

Abstract

The importance of medical personnel’s mental health is emphasized in the COVID-19 era. The characteristics of traditional Korean medicine (KM) may affect the mental health of nursing staff working at KM clinics. In this case series, we report the first attempt to apply [...] Read more.

The importance of medical personnel’s mental health is emphasized in the COVID-19 era. The characteristics of traditional Korean medicine (KM) may affect the mental health of nursing staff working at KM clinics. In this case series, we report the first attempt to apply an online mindfulness program to the nursing staff in a KM clinic in Korea. For three female nursing assistants, an online mindfulness program consisting of five sessions was offered for two months. After the program, a decrease in emotional labor was observed in two participants, and a decrease in the level of burnout was observed in all participants. One participant showed an increase in their emotional labor level, which was associated with an increase in deep acting. The participants expressed a high level of satisfaction with this program in terms of recommendations for peers and willingness to participate again. As this report is a case series, larger studies are needed to fully evaluate the benefits of the program on emotional labor and burnout of KM clinic nursing staff. However, the potential benefits of emotional labor and burnout, high satisfaction, and some challenges identified in this case series can be considered in future extensions and modifications of the program. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occupational Health and Safety in the Healthcare Sector - Second Edition)

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10 pages, 265 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Epidemiological/Disease and Economic Burdens of Cervical Cancer in 2010–2014: Are Younger Women at Risk?

by Chuhao Xi, Jay J. Shen, Betty Burston, Soumya Upadhyay and Shoujun Zhou

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010144 - 03 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1364

Abstract

Objective: Cervical cancer is an important factor threatening women’s health in China. This study examined the epidemiological and economic burden of cervical cancer among the medically insured population, which could provide data support for government departments to formulate policies. Methods: All new cases [...] Read more.

Objective: Cervical cancer is an important factor threatening women’s health in China. This study examined the epidemiological and economic burden of cervical cancer among the medically insured population, which could provide data support for government departments to formulate policies. Methods: All new cases of cervical cancer under the Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) plan in a provincial capital city in eastern China from 2010 to 2014 were collected. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the factors affecting the survival rates for cervical cancer. Outpatient and hospitalization expenses were used to assess the direct economic burden, and the Potential Years of Life Loss (PYLL) and potential economic loss were calculated by the direct method to assess indirect burden. Results: During the observation period, there were 1115 new cases and 137 deaths. The incidence rate was 14.85/100,000 person years, the mortality was 1.82/100,000 person years, and the five-year survival rate was 75.3%. The age of onset was mainly concentrated in the 30–59 age group (82.9%) and the tendency was towards younger populations. The age of onset (HR = 1.037, 95% CI = 1.024–1.051), the frequency of hospitalization services (HR = 1.085, 95% CI = 1.061–1.109), and the average length of stay (ALOS) (HR = 1.020, 95% CI = 1.005–1.051) were the related factors affecting overall survival. Among the direct economic burden, the average outpatient cost was $4314, and the average hospitalization cost was $12,007. The average outpatient and hospitalization costs within 12 months after onset were $2871 and $8963, respectively. As for indirect burden, the average Potential Years of Life Loss (PYLL) was 27.95 years, and the average potential economic loss was $95,200. Conclusions: The epidemiological and economic burden reported in the study was at a high level, and the onset age of cervical patients gradually became younger. The age of onset, the frequency of hospitalization services and the ALOS of cervical cancer patients should be given greater attention. Policymakers and researchers should focus on the trend of younger onset age of cervical cancer and the survival situation within 12 months after onset. Early intervention for cervical cancer patients, particularly younger women, may help reduce the burden of cervical cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socioeconomic Inequalities in Access to Care, Outcomes, and Healthcare Utilization)

19 pages, 3006 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Network Pharmacological Analysis on the Herbal Combinations for Mitigating Inflammation in Respiratory Tracts and Experimental Evaluation

by Dongyeop Jang, Myong Jin Lee, Kang Sub Kim, Chang-Eop Kim, Jong Ho Jung, Minkwan Cho, Bo-Hee Hong, Shin Jung Park and Ki Sung Kang

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010143 - 03 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1676

Abstract

The regulation of inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and leukotriene B4, could play a crucial role in suppressing inflammatory diseases such as COVID-19. In this study, we investigated the potential mechanisms of drug combinations comprising Ephedrae Herba, Schisandra Fructus, Platycodonis Radix, [...] Read more.

The regulation of inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and leukotriene B4, could play a crucial role in suppressing inflammatory diseases such as COVID-19. In this study, we investigated the potential mechanisms of drug combinations comprising Ephedrae Herba, Schisandra Fructus, Platycodonis Radix, and Ginseng Radix; validated the anti-inflammatory effects of these drugs; and determined the optimal dose of the drug combinations. By constructing a herb-compound-target network, associations were identified between the herbs and tissues (such as bronchial epithelial cells and lung) and pathways (such as the TNF, NF-κB, and calcium signaling pathways). The drug combinations exerted anti-inflammatory effects in the RAW264.7 cell line treated with lipopolysaccharide by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide and inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and leukotriene B4. Notably, the drug combinations inhibited PMA-induced MUC5AC mRNA expression in NCI-H292 cells. A design space analysis was carried out to determine the optimal herbal medicine combinations using the design of experiments and synergy score calculation. Consequently, a combination study of the herbal preparations confirmed their mitigating effect on inflammation in COVID-19. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence in the Management of the Pandemic)

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14 pages, 479 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Early Educational Interventions to Prevent Gender-Based Violence: A Systematic Review

by Lourdes Villardón-Gallego, Alba García-Cid, Ana Estévez and Rocío García-Carrión

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010142 - 03 Jan 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5003

Abstract

Background: Gender-based violence is a worldwide public health problem that is increasingly occurring at younger ages. This investigation aims to analyze effective interventions to prevent and to face gender-based violence beginning in early childhood in order to ensure quality education for all children [...] Read more.

Background: Gender-based violence is a worldwide public health problem that is increasingly occurring at younger ages. This investigation aims to analyze effective interventions to prevent and to face gender-based violence beginning in early childhood in order to ensure quality education for all children through violence-free schools. Methods: This research has conducted a systematic review of interventions that have demonstrated a positive impact on the prevention and reduction of gender-based violence from early ages up to 12 years, inclusive, in schools. An extensive search in scientific databases (WoS, SCOPUS, ERIC, PsycINFO) was conducted from 2007 to 2022. Results: Thirteen articles were selected and analyzed in-depth to identify the success factors of these interventions, which (a) are integrated into the school curriculum; (b) promote active participation of students and community; (c) are based on scientific evidence; and (d) make relevant adaptations to a specific group and context. Conclusions: The programs analyzed have had a positive impact on raising awareness of gender violence, overcoming stereotypes, improving relationships in the classroom and reducing violent behavior, as well as empowering the most vulnerable people. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detection, Prevention, and Education of Risk Behaviors among Children and Adolescents)

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29 pages, 1209 KiB

Open AccessArticle

CanCOG^®: Cultural Adaptation of the Evidence-Based UCLA Cognitive Rehabilitation Intervention Program for Cancer Survivors in Portugal

by Ana F. Oliveira, Milaydis Sosa-Napolskij, Ana Torres, Diâner Felipe Queiroz, Ana Bártolo, Helena Sousa, Sara Monteiro, Kathleen Van Dyk, Linda M. Ercoli and Isabel M. Santos

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010141 - 02 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1971

Abstract

Cognitive difficulties are highly prevalent and negatively impact cancer survivors’ quality of life. The UCLA Cognitive Rehabilitation Intervention Program (in short, UCLA program) is an evidence-based intervention developed and tested in the US to address the cognitive complaints of cancer survivors. Since there [...] Read more.

Cognitive difficulties are highly prevalent and negatively impact cancer survivors’ quality of life. The UCLA Cognitive Rehabilitation Intervention Program (in short, UCLA program) is an evidence-based intervention developed and tested in the US to address the cognitive complaints of cancer survivors. Since there are no cognitive rehabilitation programs available for Portuguese cancer-related settings, this study aimed to culturally adapt the UCLA program to Portugal. Nine steps were implemented for this cultural adaptation: needs assessment, initial contacts, translation, cultural adaptation, independent review by a panel of experts (n = 6), focus group discussions with cancer survivors (n = 11), systematization of inputs and improvement of the final materials, fidelity check, and preliminary acceptability assessment. The findings suggested that changes to the original materials were needed. A Portuguese name, “CanCOG^®—Reabilitação Cognitiva no Cancro” (in English “CanCOG^®—Cognitive Rehabilitation in Cancer”), and a logo were created to make it more memorable and appealing for the Portuguese population. The language was adjusted to ensure content accessibility and semantic and conceptual equivalence. Finally, references to several cultural aspects, such as habits, customs, and traditions, were adapted to fit the new cultural context. The UCLA program may be a promising tool to help alleviate the cognitive difficulties reported by cancer survivors in different cultural contexts. Future research is needed to confirm the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of its Portuguese version, “CanCOG^®—Reabilitação Cognitiva no Cancro”. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychological, Cognitive and Physical Dimensions of Adjustment to Cancer: Perspectives of Cancer Survivors and Caregivers)

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9 pages, 626 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of a Post-Traumatic Growth Program on Young Korean Breast Cancer Survivors

by Ka Ryeong Bae, Wi-Young So and Seyong Jang

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010140 - 01 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2012

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to enhance post-traumatic growth in young breast cancer patients by providing them with self-disclosure and social support resources, to reduce intrusive rumination and increase deliberate rumination. This study was conducted at a university-based cancer center in Seoul, South Korea. [...] Read more.

Background: This study aimed to enhance post-traumatic growth in young breast cancer patients by providing them with self-disclosure and social support resources, to reduce intrusive rumination and increase deliberate rumination. This study was conducted at a university-based cancer center in Seoul, South Korea. The study included a four-week group-based psychoeducational program, which supported the post-traumatic personal growth of breast cancer patients. The primary outcome was increased post-traumatic growth, and the secondary outcomes were rumination, distress, and traumatic perception. Methods: The study included 38 young breast cancer patients, with a mean age of 42.21 years and mean time since diagnosis of 13.84 months. Results: Results of the study revealed statistically significant improvements in total post-traumatic growth and all subdomains, after the intervention (p < 0.001) and one month later (p < 0.001), as compared to the baseline. A significant improvement was also observed in deliberate rumination after the intervention (p = 0.038). Furthermore, the patients had a statistically significant decrease in anxiety, after the intervention (p = 0.035) and one month later (p = 0.005), as compared to the baseline. Conclusions: Overall, the program encourages activities that promote post-traumatic growth, enabling young breast cancer patients to return to their normal lives. Specifically, the growth allows patients to return to work and maintain a healthy body and mind. The results of this study indicate that this program can be used as an effective psychological intervention for young breast cancer patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breast Cancer in Healthcare)

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24 pages, 7258 KiB

Open AccessArticle

IoT-Based Medical Image Monitoring System Using HL7 in a Hospital Database

by Md. Harun-Ar-Rashid, Oindrila Chowdhury, Muhammad Minoar Hossain, Mohammad Motiur Rahman, Ghulam Muhammad, Salman A. AlQahtani, Mubarak Alrashoud, Abdulsalam Yassine and M. Shamim Hossain

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010139 - 01 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3327

Abstract

In recent years, the healthcare system, along with the technology that surrounds it, has become a sector in much need of development. It has already improved in a wide range of areas thanks to significant and continuous research into the practical implications of [...] Read more.

In recent years, the healthcare system, along with the technology that surrounds it, has become a sector in much need of development. It has already improved in a wide range of areas thanks to significant and continuous research into the practical implications of biomedical and telemedicine studies. To ensure the continuing technological improvement of hospitals, physicians now also must properly maintain and manage large volumes of patient data. Transferring large amounts of data such as images to IoT servers based on machine-to-machine communication is difficult and time consuming over MQTT and MLLP protocols, and since IoT brokers only handle a limited number of bytes of data, such protocols can only transfer patient information and other text data. It is more difficult to handle the monitoring of ultrasound, MRI, or CT image data via IoT. To address this problem, this study proposes a model in which the system displays images as well as patient data on an IoT dashboard. A Raspberry Pi processes HL7 messages received from medical devices like an ultrasound machine (ULSM) and extracts only the image data for transfer to an FTP server. The Raspberry Pi 3 (RSPI3) forwards the patient information along with a unique encrypted image data link from the FTP server to the IoT server. We have implemented an authentic and NS3-based simulation environment to monitor real-time ultrasound image data on the IoT server and have analyzed the system performance, which has been impressive. This method will enrich the telemedicine facilities both for patients and physicians by assisting with overall monitoring of data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Intelligent Health Monitoring and Assistance Systems and Frameworks)

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13 pages, 298 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Estimation of the Quality of the Diet of Mexican University Students Using DQI-I

by Diana Espino-Rosales, Alejandro Lopez-Moro, Leticia Heras-González, Maria Jose Jimenez-Casquet, Fatima Olea-Serrano and Miguel Mariscal-Arcas

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010138 - 01 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1719

Abstract

The quality of diet can be measured using diet quality indices, based on knowledge of associations between diet and health. The objective of this work was to evaluate whether the International Diet Quality Index is suitable for use as a diet quality index [...] Read more.

The quality of diet can be measured using diet quality indices, based on knowledge of associations between diet and health. The objective of this work was to evaluate whether the International Diet Quality Index is suitable for use as a diet quality index in populations of Mexican university girls. A cross-sectional nutritional survey was conducted at the University of Chihuahua (Mexico), collecting semi-quantitative nutritional information and socio-economic and lifestyle data from a representative sample of 400 women. Mean (Standard Deviation (SD)) age was 21.43 years (SD: 3.72); 59.1% were normal weight, 26.6% overweight, 15.3% obesity. The Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) was developed according to the method of Kim et al. (2003) and focused on major aspects of a high-quality diet (variety, adequacy, moderation and overall balance). The total score of Diet Quality Index-International reached 53.86% (SD: 11.43), indicating that the general diet of Mexican women a poor-quality diet. Adequacy scored highest, followed by moderation and variety. Overall balance scored the lowest. Variety: 26.3 % consumed less than 4 food groups daily, only 12.8% take more than 1 serving from each food group, and 50.6% consumed only one source of protein daily. Regarding adequacy, a large proportion of the population reported an intake of proteins, vitamin C, calcium, iron, and fruit greater than 50% of recommendation; the vegetables, fiber and grain groups were less 50%. Poor scores were obtained for total fat and SFA consumption (moderation). No statistically significant differences are observed for any of the variables under study and score of the Diet Quality Index-International: body mass index, weight, physical activity level, education level of father and mother, location of lunch, breakfast considered important, knowledge of nutrition, which allows us to consider a relatively uniform population in its eating habits. These people are close to a Westernized diet, and an intervention in nutritional education would be advisable to improve the intake of unprocessed foods, consume a greater variety of protein sources and significantly reduce consumption of sugary foods and soft drinks. Due to different methodological and cultural factors, the proposed Diet Quality Index-International dietary assessment method does not seem to be useful in the assessment of diet quality in the Mexican university population, so further research is needed to develop a diet quality index adapted to the Mexican population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Public Health)

9 pages, 1247 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Efficacy of Short-Term Toe Resistance Training in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

by Hiroaki Kataoka, Nobuyuki Miyatake, Naoko Matsuda, Yasuaki Hikasa, Naomi Kitayama, Shion Nagai and Satoshi Tanaka

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010137 - 01 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1455

Abstract

Resistance training is effective in chronic hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but its effect on toe pinch force (TPF) is unknown. This study was a randomized controlled trial conducted at three hospitals to investigate the effect of short-term toe resistance training [...] Read more.

Resistance training is effective in chronic hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but its effect on toe pinch force (TPF) is unknown. This study was a randomized controlled trial conducted at three hospitals to investigate the effect of short-term toe resistance training on TPF in chronic hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes. The patients were randomly allocated to intervention (performed aerobic exercise and four toe resistance training exercises) and control (performed aerobic exercise only) groups. After 2 weeks of exercise intervention program, evaluations of TPF and clinical parameters were performed. In addition, the rate of retention of exercise therapy was assessed 6 months after the exercise intervention program was completed. After the exercise intervention program, TPF was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group. The intervention group had a significantly higher rate of continuation of exercise therapy. Two weeks of toe resistance training significantly increased the TPF in chronic hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes. Toe resistance training was shown to be an effective training method for continuing exercise therapy. Toe resistance training is recommended in clinical practice for chronic hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Artificial Intelligence in Medicine)

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10 pages, 742 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review on the Use of the Educational Value Unit (EVU) among Teaching Hospitals

by Alina Husain, Darren A. Chen and Gary J. Lelli

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010136 - 01 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1557

Abstract

(1) Background: In recent years, medical institutions across the U.S. have implemented a points system based on the Educational Value Unit (EVU) to assess and reward faculty for their educational efforts. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the current literature [...] Read more.

(1) Background: In recent years, medical institutions across the U.S. have implemented a points system based on the Educational Value Unit (EVU) to assess and reward faculty for their educational efforts. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the current literature on EVU systems and to evaluate their utility in the U.S. healthcare system. (2) Methods: We searched the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed databases to identify literature describing the inception of EVU systems and current systems implemented by U.S. academic medical centers and medical schools. In total, a combined 48 studies and abstracts pertaining to EVU systems were reviewed, and a combined 26 published studies and abstracts from 1999 to 2022 pertaining to EVU systems were included. (3) Results: To our knowledge, at least 40 U.S. academic medical centers have used an educational metrics system, of which 21 institutions have published studies describing EVU systems in one or more of their medical departments. The outcomes associated with these self-described EVU systems are the focus of this study. EVU systems increase the number of faculty who meet baseline educational requirements, promote educational productivity, redistribute educational burden and funding among faculty members, and shift physician priorities towards education. The monetary reward associated with EVU systems is unlikely to be a significant factor contributing to these changes; instead, intrinsic motivation and a sense of academic responsibility play a larger role. (4) Conclusions: EVU systems are an effective way to evaluate and reward individual and departmental educational efforts in U.S. academic medical centers and medical schools. The adoption of EVUs will likely become more commonplace as U.S. academic medical centers and medical schools place additional emphasis on medical education. Full article

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11 pages, 266 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Telephone-Based Smoking Cessation Counseling Service: Satisfaction and Outcomes in Vietnamese Smokers

by Quy-Chau Ngo, Lan Phuong Thi Doan, Giap Van Vu, Thu-Phuong Phan, Hanh Thi Chu, Anh Tu Duong, Quan-Hoang Vuong, Manh-Tung Ho, Minh-Hoang Nguyen, Thu-Trang Vuong, Tham Thi Nguyen, Hien Thu Nguyen, Anh Hai Tran Nguyen, Cyrus S. H. Ho and Roger C. M. Ho

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010135 - 31 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1562

Abstract

Background: As a method to acknowledge the devastating health and economic impacts of tobacco usage worldwide, telephone-based tobacco cessation counseling services have emerged as a potential tool to aid people in their quitting process. This study explores the satisfaction of smokers who use [...] Read more.

Background: As a method to acknowledge the devastating health and economic impacts of tobacco usage worldwide, telephone-based tobacco cessation counseling services have emerged as a potential tool to aid people in their quitting process. This study explores the satisfaction of smokers who use the QUITLINE service and factors associated with their quit attempts and cessation. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 110 participants was conducted from June to July 2016 at the Respiratory Center at Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam. Multivariate logistic regression was used, and it was found that the percentage of people quitting smoking increased after using the service. Results: In total, 65.5% of participants were completely satisfied with the counseling service. The mean score of staff/s capacity/responsiveness, motivation, and service convenience were 4.37 ± 0.78, 4.30 ± 0.81, and 4.27 ± 0.66, respectively. The smoking relapse rate was relatively high at 58.3%, which mainly resulted from cravings and busy work (26.2% and 14.3%, respectively). A higher satisfaction score in “Staffs’ capacity and responsiveness” was negatively associated with “ever tried to quit smoking in consecutive 24 h” and actually quit smoking after receiving counseling. Meanwhile, a higher score in the “Motivation” domain was positively associated with both quit attempt indicators as well as actually quitting smoking after receiving counseling (OR = 9.48; 95%CI = 2.27; 39.57). Conclusions: These results suggest that it is crucial for decision makers to place more focus on countermeasures for smoking relapse and to strengthen the capacity of staff, especially in motivating clients. Interventions should also be maintained throughout a long period of time to prevent relapse. Full article

15 pages, 627 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Self-Employed Private Healthcare Workers with Respect to Employed Public Healthcare Workers: Three-Wave Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain

by Manuel Pabón-Carrasco, Samuel Vilar-Palomo, María Luisa Gonzalez-Elena, Rocío Romero-Castillo, José Antonio Ponce-Blandon and Aurora Castro-Méndez

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010134 - 31 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1351

Abstract

(1) Background: Coronavirus disease, also called COVID-19, is a worldwide pandemic with a major impact on all aspects of the individual (health status, psychological, and economic aspects, among others). The perception of health professionals in this situation has been influenced by their economic [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Coronavirus disease, also called COVID-19, is a worldwide pandemic with a major impact on all aspects of the individual (health status, psychological, and economic aspects, among others). The perception of health professionals in this situation has been influenced by their economic and psychosocial situations. On the economic level, self-employed workers have no state subsidies, with the added disadvantage of not having sufficient means to cope with contagion. This could potentially have an impact on their health and indirectly on their family members, creating additional stress. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the level of anxiety of health professionals working in private practice compared to healthcare workers working in public institutions during the first three waves of COVID-19. (2) Methods: A cohort study on 517 subjects comparing anxiety between a group of health workers and a group of health professionals working in the public sector at three key moments during the pandemic was performed. (3) Results: Statistically significant differences were found between self-employed private health professionals compared to those working as public health workers. The perception of impact was worse in the self-employed; however, a higher level of anxiety was evident in public employees in all assessed domains (cognitive, physiological, and motor, p = 0.001). (4) Conclusions: There were significant changes when comparing the first phase between both groups; employed public healthcare workers manifested a sense of lower risk of COVID-19 contagion than privately employed professionals, who had a higher level of anxiety. In the second and third waves, negative feelings improved for both groups, and the fear of showing anxiety to the patient decreased over the course of the waves. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection COVID-19: Impact on Public Health and Healthcare)

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17 pages, 636 KiB

Open AccessReview

Reporting and Interpreting Effect Sizes in Applied Health-Related Settings: The Case of Spirituality and Substance Abuse

by Iván Sánchez-Iglesias, Jesús Saiz, Antonio J. Molina and Tamara L. Goldsby

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010133 - 31 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1686

Abstract

Inferential analysis using null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) allows accepting or rejecting a null hypothesis. Nevertheless, rejecting a null hypothesis and concluding there is a statistical effect does not provide a clue as to its practical relevance or magnitude. This process is key [...] Read more.

Inferential analysis using null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) allows accepting or rejecting a null hypothesis. Nevertheless, rejecting a null hypothesis and concluding there is a statistical effect does not provide a clue as to its practical relevance or magnitude. This process is key to assessing the effect size (ES) of significant results, be it using context (comparing the magnitude of the effect to similar studies or day-to-day effects) or statistical estimators, which also should be sufficiently interpreted. This is especially true in clinical settings, where decision-making affects patients’ lives. We carried out a systematic review for the years 2015 to 2020 utilizing Scopus, PubMed, and various ProQuest databases, searching for empirical research articles with inferential results linking spirituality to substance abuse outcomes. Out of the 19 studies selected, 11 (57.9%) reported no ES index, and 9 (47.4%) reported no interpretation of the magnitude or relevance of their findings. The results of this review, although limited to the area of substance abuse and spiritual interventions, are a cautionary tale for other research topics. Gauging and interpreting effect sizes contributes to a better understanding of the subject under scrutiny in any discipline. Full article

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9 pages, 829 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Heat-Not-Burn Cigarette Smoking on the Secretion of Saliva and Its Innate Immune System Components

by Yukihiro Mori, Mamoru Tanaka, Hana Kozai, Yuka Aoyama, Yukihiro Shigeno, Kiyoshi Hotta, Makoto Aoike, Hatsumi Kawamura, Masato Tsurudome and Morihiro Ito

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010132 - 31 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1803

Abstract

Saliva and salivary antimicrobial proteins play important roles in the innate immunity, which prevents infections of orally invading bacteria and viruses. In this study, we compared the secretion rates of salivary lactoferrin (Lac) and lysozyme (Lys) in heat-not-burn (HNB) cigarette smokers and non-smokers. [...] Read more.

Saliva and salivary antimicrobial proteins play important roles in the innate immunity, which prevents infections of orally invading bacteria and viruses. In this study, we compared the secretion rates of salivary lactoferrin (Lac) and lysozyme (Lys) in heat-not-burn (HNB) cigarette smokers and non-smokers. The analysis population for this study included 212 members of the fire department, including 32 HNB cigarette smokers, 17 paper cigarette smokers, 14 combined HNB and paper cigarette smokers, and 149 non-smokers. Salivary Lac and Lys concentrations were assessed using enzyme immunoassay. Saliva secretion was significantly lower among HNB cigarette smokers (p < 0.01) than among non-smokers. Accompanying this result, salivary Lac and Lys secretion rates were significantly lower among smokers, particularly HNB cigarette smokers, than among non-smokers (all p < 0.01). Our findings suggest a possible adverse effect of HNB cigarette on the amount of Lac and Lys released into the oral cavity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Healthcare: Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment)

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18 pages, 906 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Effect of Resistance Training on Body Composition, Hemodynamic Parameters and Exercise Tolerance among Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review

by Abhishek Sharma, Nidhi Sharma, Sakshi Vats, Mansi Jain, Aksh Chahal, Faizan Z. Kashoo, Ali Hakamy, Ramzi Abdu Alajam, Mohammed M. Alshehri, Mallela Bharath Kumar, Ramya Ramasamy Sanjeevi, Fawwaz Alwadaani and Mohammad Abu Shaphe

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010131 - 31 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2222

Abstract

Background: Effectiveness and safety of Resistance Training in treating various Cerebrovascular Disease diagnoses have drawn attention in recent years. Patients suffering with coronary artery disease should be offered individually tailored Resistance Training in their exercise regimen. Resistance Training was developed to help individuals [...] Read more.

Background: Effectiveness and safety of Resistance Training in treating various Cerebrovascular Disease diagnoses have drawn attention in recent years. Patients suffering with coronary artery disease should be offered individually tailored Resistance Training in their exercise regimen. Resistance Training was developed to help individuals with their functional status, mobility, physical performance, and muscle strength. Objective: The objective of this review was to collect, summarize and present information on the state of science focusing on usefulness, viability, safety and efficacy of Resistance Training in treating coronary artery disease and enhancing the aerobic capacity and improving overall health-related quality of life. Methods: The review is prepared in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Searches were conducted in Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, PEDro and Scopus database. PEDro scale was used for methodological quality assessment of included studies. Two independent reviewers determined the inclusion criteria of studies by classifying interventions based on core components, outcome measures, diagnostic population and rated the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations using GRADE criteria. Results: Total 13 studies with 1025 patients were included for the detailed analysis. Findings emphasize the importance of assessing effectiveness and safety of Resistance Training in individuals with coronary artery disease. Patient specific designed exercise programs as Resistance Training targets at enhancing patients’ exercise tolerance, improves hemodynamic response and muscular strength with reduction in body fat composition. Conclusion: Resistance Training is an effective exercise that should be incorporated to counteract the loss of muscle strength, muscle mass, and physiological vulnerability, as well as to combat the associated debilitating effects on physical functioning, mobility and overall independence and Quality of Life during rehabilitation of patients with coronary artery disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Medics)

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16 pages, 258 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Experiences of Midwives in Caring for Vulnerable Pregnant Women in The Netherlands: A Qualitative Cross-Sectional Study

by Evi Vlassak, Kathelijne Bessems and Jessica Gubbels

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010130 - 31 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2424

Abstract

Vulnerable pregnant women have an increased risk for preterm birth and perinatal mortality. This study identifies the perspectives, perceived barriers, and perceived facilitators of midwives toward current care for vulnerable pregnant women in the Netherlands. Knowing those perspectives, barriers, and facilitators could help [...] Read more.

Vulnerable pregnant women have an increased risk for preterm birth and perinatal mortality. This study identifies the perspectives, perceived barriers, and perceived facilitators of midwives toward current care for vulnerable pregnant women in the Netherlands. Knowing those perspectives, barriers, and facilitators could help increase quality of care, thereby reducing the risks of preterm birth and perinatal mortality. Midwives working in primary care practices throughout the Netherlands were interviewed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted remotely through a video conference program, audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded based on the theoretical domains framework and concepts derived from the interviews, using NVivo-12. All midwives provided psychosocial care for vulnerable pregnant women, expected positive consequences for those women resulting from that care, considered it their task to identify and refer vulnerable women, and intended to improve the situation for mother and child. The main barriers perceived by midwives were too many organizations being involved, inadequate communication between care providers, lack of time to care for vulnerable women, insufficient financing to provide adequate care, and uncooperative clients. The main facilitators were having care coordinators, treatment guidelines, vulnerability detection tools, their own knowledge about local psychosocial organizations, good communication skills, cooperative clients, consultation with colleagues, and good communication between care providers. The findings suggest that midwives are highly motivated to care for vulnerable women and perceive a multitude of facilitators. However, they also perceive various barriers for providing optimal care. A national guideline on how to care for vulnerable women, local overviews of involved organizations, and proactive midwives who ensure connections between the psychosocial and medical domain could help to overcome these barriers, and therefore, maximize effectiveness of the care for vulnerable pregnant women. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Safety and Quality in Maternal and Neonatal Care)

12 pages, 1415 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sexual Function, Physical Activity, Mean Amplitudes and Maximal Voluntary Contraction of Pelvic Floor Muscles Are Related to Handgrip Strength: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Natália de Souza Duarte, Kayonne Campos Bittencourt, Cleuma Oliveira Soares, Clicia Raiane Galvão Ferreira, Wenderk Martins Soares, Victória Brioso Tavares, Amanda Suzane Alves da Silva, Caren Heloise da Costa Priante, Pablo Fabiano Moura das Neves, Givago da Silva Souza, Fabiana de Campos Gomes, Erica Feio Carneiro Nunes, Cibele Nazaré Câmara Rodrigues and João Simão de Melo Neto

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010129 - 31 Dec 2022

Viewed by 1600

Abstract

Pelvic floor musculature assessment methods are generally invasive, subjective, and technologically expensive. Therefore, there is a need to identify other methods that can predict changes in the function of these muscles. This study aimed to verify whether the levels of strength and myoelectric [...] Read more.

Pelvic floor musculature assessment methods are generally invasive, subjective, and technologically expensive. Therefore, there is a need to identify other methods that can predict changes in the function of these muscles. This study aimed to verify whether the levels of strength and myoelectric activity of pelvic floor muscles (PFM) can be related to handgrip strength (HGS), to ensure faster and earlier identification of possible dysfunctions of this musculature. Furthermore, we verified whether these variables vary across different age groups. This was a cross-sectional observational study involving 44 healthy women. The women were divided into two groups: the young (18–35 years) and middle-aged (36–55 years) adult groups. Social, anthropometric, and clinical data were collected from the participants, and a functional assessment of their PFM was performed by bidigital palpation, electromyographic biofeedback (sEMG), and HGS (using a dynamometer). The levels of physical and sexual activity were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Sexual Quotient–Female version (SQ-F) questionnaire. There were no differences in HGS, power/pressure, sEMG, SQ-F score, or IPAQ score between the two groups (p > 0.05). Moderate correlation (r = 0.601; p = 0.019) was observed during multivariate analysis. HGS is related to mean amplitudes (p = 0.123), MVC (p = 0.043), sexual function (p = 0.049), and physical activity (p = 0.004). We therefore conclude that there were no differences between HGS and PFM strength in young adult and middle-aged women. Furthermore, HGS is related to the PFM functionality, sexual function, and physical activity. Full article

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15 pages, 614 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Translation, Adaptation, and Validation of the Modified Thai Version of Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale (MT-CHBMS)

by Patinya Suriyong, Surin Jiraniramai, Nahathai Wongpakaran, Kanokporn Pinyopornpanish, Chaisiri Angkurawaranon, Wichuda Jiraporncharoen, Victoria L. Champion and Tinakon Wongpakaran

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010128 - 31 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1903

Abstract

Background: While breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among Thai women, breast self-examination (BSE), mammography, and ultrasound use are still underutilized. There is a need to assess women’s beliefs about breast cancer and screening in different cultural settings. As a [...] Read more.

Background: While breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among Thai women, breast self-examination (BSE), mammography, and ultrasound use are still underutilized. There is a need to assess women’s beliefs about breast cancer and screening in different cultural settings. As a result, a tool to measure the beliefs that influence breast-cancer-screening practices is needed. Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) is a valid and reliable tool for assessing individuals’ attitudes toward breast cancer and screening methods, but it has not been validated in Thai women. The study aimed to translate and validate the CHBMS for breast self-examination and mammography among Thai women and to modify the original scale by adding ultrasound items for breast cancer screening. In addition, the purpose of this study was to create a modified Thai version of the CHBMS which could be used to better understand patients’ beliefs regarding breast cancer screening in Thailand, in order to develop practical and effective interventions suited to their beliefs. Methods: The CHBMS was translated into Thai, validated by a panel of experts, back-translated, modified by adding content about ultrasound for screening breast cancer, and pretested. Confirmatory factor analysis was used with a sample of 130 Thai women aged 40 to 70 years old. Result: The final MT-CHBMS consisted of 64 items determining ten subscales: susceptibility, seriousness, benefits—breast self-examination, benefits—mammogram, barriers—BSE, barriers—mammogram, confidence, health motivation, benefits—ultrasound, and barriers—ultrasound. The MT-CHBMS demonstrated excellent internal consistency. The ten-factor model was best fitted to the data. Conclusion: The MT-CHBMS was found to be a reliable and valid tool for measuring individuals’ attitudes toward breast cancer and screening methods. The scale could be easily used by healthcare providers to determine the beliefs before planning appropriate interventions to increase early detection. Full article

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12 pages, 574 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Conceptual Framework for Rape Survivors Diagnosed with PTSD in the North West Province of South Africa

by Nombulelo Veronica Sepeng, Thendo Gertie Makhado and Lufuno Makhado

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010127 - 31 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2343

Abstract

The lack of a conceptual framework that can be utilized to manage rape survivors diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders presents a challenge in the North-West province. The study aims to provide a conceptual framework for managing rape survivors with PTSD in the province [...] Read more.

The lack of a conceptual framework that can be utilized to manage rape survivors diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders presents a challenge in the North-West province. The study aims to provide a conceptual framework for managing rape survivors with PTSD in the province of the North-West using Practice-Oriented Theory and Donabedian’s Structure Process Outcome Model Features. The research was conducted using an explanatory, sequential and mixed-methods approach. Additionally, used was the descriptive and explorative programme evaluation design. The results of the study demonstrated the significance of PTSD assessment before management interventions for rape survivors. The study findings outlined and designed a framework to assess and manage PTSD among rape survivors consulting at Thuthuzela Care Centre and those referred to hospitals for further management. The Practice-Oriented theory by Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach, and the Structure Process Outcome model by Donabedian served as points of reference for the development of the conceptual framework. The study is limited to North-West provincial healthcare facilities and Thuthuzela care centres (TCCs), however, it highlights the lack of a conceptual framework pertaining to the psychological management of PTSD rape survivors in the province and South Africa. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nursing)

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18 pages, 295 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physician’s Perspectives on Factors Influencing Antibiotic Resistance: A Qualitative Study in Vietnam

by Khanh Nguyen Di, Sun Tee Tay, Sasheela Sri La Sri Ponnampalavanar, Duy Toan Pham and Li Ping Wong

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010126 - 31 Dec 2022

Viewed by 1201

Abstract

(1) Background: The antibiotic resistance (ABR) rates are escalating to seriously high levels worldwide. This study was conducted to determine physicians’ perspectives on factors influencing ABR in Vietnam. (2) Methods: Focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted through in-depth interviews on ABR perspectives with [...] Read more.

(1) Background: The antibiotic resistance (ABR) rates are escalating to seriously high levels worldwide. This study was conducted to determine physicians’ perspectives on factors influencing ABR in Vietnam. (2) Methods: Focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted through in-depth interviews on ABR perspectives with 5–6 physicians from different geographical locations and hospitals in Vietnam between March and June 2020. The research questions were focused on three main themes of (a) knowledge deficiency on ABR and hospital-acquired infection, (b) antibiotic prescribing practice among clinicians in the healthcare setting, and (c) regulations and hospital policies on antibiotic use. The descriptive analysis was performed using QRS NVivo software. (3) Results: A total of six FGDs were conducted among 34 physicians (18 males, 16 females) aged 26–53 years old from six public and six private hospitals in Vietnam. Most of the participants were attending physicians (85.3%) and had 5–10 years of experience in surgical wards (55.9%). For theme (a), a majority of participants agreed that they had adequate information updates on how ABR develops in their clinical setting; and were well aware of hospital-acquired infections. For theme (b), the participants agreed that WHO guidelines and Vietnam national guidelines were two important reference documents in guiding physicians in antibiotic use. For theme (c), the FGD study revealed awareness of ABR, hospital antibiotic policies, and procedures for administrators on antibiotic use that were updated and complied with. (4) Conclusions: While different levels of control measures against ABR are ongoing in Vietnam, several weaknesses in the current antibiotic prescribing strategies in the hospital and clinical setting management policies have been identified in the healthcare system. The research findings will be helpful for policymakers to have better plans of action against ABR in Vietnam. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Public Health and Healthcare in the Context of Big Data)
(This article belongs to the Section Healthcare Quality and Patient Safety)

11 pages, 553 KiB

Open AccessReview

Interventions Focused by Nurses for Reducing Negative Effect of Traumatic Experience on Victims of Sexual Violence: A Scoping Review

by Iyus Yosep, Rohman Hikmat, Ai Mardhiyah and Mamat Lukman

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010125 - 31 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2282

Abstract

Sexual violence has increased quite rapidly. Sexual violence can be in the form of physical or verbal violence. The impact of sexual violence causes a traumatic experience that causes physical problems, psychological problems, loss of the future, and causes the risk of death. [...] Read more.

Sexual violence has increased quite rapidly. Sexual violence can be in the form of physical or verbal violence. The impact of sexual violence causes a traumatic experience that causes physical problems, psychological problems, loss of the future, and causes the risk of death. Nurses have an important role in reducing the impact of sexual violence on victims. The purpose of this study is to describe nursing interventions to reduce the impact of traumatic experiences experienced by victims of sexual violence. This study used a scoping review method. The literature used in this study is from CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus. Keywords in this study are sexual violence, traumatic experience, impact, and victims. Search strategy used PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews to select articles for this study. The inclusion criteria were that the sample was female victims of sexual violence, studies employed a randomized control trial or quasi-experimental research design, and the publication period was of the last 10 years (2013–2022). We found 10 articles that matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings from this scoping review show that nursing interventions can reduce the impact of traumatic experiences on victims of sexual violence. There are three methods of nursing intervention, namely cognitive behavior, counseling, and web-based intervention. The samples are from developing and developed countries. The range of the samples are from 35–1250 respondents. Nursing interventions focus on victims in order to improve mental health and reduce the traumatic impact experienced by victims of sexual violence. The activities carried out were psychoeducation, keeping a daily journal, and discussions related to the traumatic experiences experienced. Nurses as health workers have a role to provide comprehensive nursing care to victims of sexual violence by taking into account the characteristics and impact of trauma experienced by victims of sexual violence. Full article

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13 pages, 675 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Role of Multifaceted Social Relationships on the Association of Loneliness with Depression Symptoms: A Moderated Mediation Analysis

by Yang Liu, Dandan Jiao, Mengjiao Yang, Mingyu Cui, Xiang Li, Zhu Zhu, Yuko Sawada, Kumi Watanabe Miura, Taeko Watanabe, Emiko Tanaka and Tokie Anme

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010124 - 31 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1560

Abstract

Strong relationship exists between loneliness and depression in older adults. However, the effect of multifaceted social relationships on the relationship between loneliness and depression has not been explored. The purpose of the current study was to find out how multifaceted social relationships affect [...] Read more.

Strong relationship exists between loneliness and depression in older adults. However, the effect of multifaceted social relationships on the relationship between loneliness and depression has not been explored. The purpose of the current study was to find out how multifaceted social relationships affect the aforementioned processes. We investigated and evaluated the loneliness status, depression symptoms, social relationships, and demographic information of 1116 older adults aged ≥65 years living in rural Japan. The final 555 participants were included in the analysis. Statistical evidence showed a direct effect between loneliness and depression symptoms. Additionally, the mediation model found that social curiosity and participation acted as mediators between loneliness and depression symptoms. Further, independence and participation, independence, and feeling safe played a conditional moderating role in the model of loneliness–social curiosity–depression symptoms and loneliness–participation–depression symptoms, respectively. Interaction can be an individual moderator in the link between loneliness and depression symptoms without any mediator. The moderated mediation model suggests that social curiosity and participation could mediate the association between loneliness and depression symptoms. In this process, independence, participation, and feeling safe may act as moderators. Full article

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19 pages, 5258 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bandwidth Improvement in Ultrasound Image Reconstruction Using Deep Learning Techniques

by Navchetan Awasthi, Laslo van Anrooij, Gino Jansen, Hans-Martin Schwab, Josien P. W. Pluim and Richard G. P. Lopata

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010123 - 30 Dec 2022

Viewed by 1983

Abstract

Ultrasound (US) imaging is a medical imaging modality that uses the reflection of sound in the range of 2–18 MHz to image internal body structures. In US, the frequency bandwidth (BW) is directly associated with image resolution. BW is a property of the [...] Read more.

Ultrasound (US) imaging is a medical imaging modality that uses the reflection of sound in the range of 2–18 MHz to image internal body structures. In US, the frequency bandwidth (BW) is directly associated with image resolution. BW is a property of the transducer and more bandwidth comes at a higher cost. Thus, methods that can transform strongly bandlimited ultrasound data into broadband data are essential. In this work, we propose a deep learning (DL) technique to improve the image quality for a given bandwidth by learning features provided by broadband data of the same field of view. Therefore, the performance of several DL architectures and conventional state-of-the-art techniques for image quality improvement and artifact removal have been compared on in vitro US datasets. Two training losses have been utilized on three different architectures: a super resolution convolutional neural network (SRCNN), U-Net, and a residual encoder decoder network (REDNet) architecture. The models have been trained to transform low-bandwidth image reconstructions to high-bandwidth image reconstructions, to reduce the artifacts, and make the reconstructions visually more attractive. Experiments were performed for 20%, 40%, and 60% fractional bandwidth on the original images and showed that the improvements obtained are as high as 45.5% in RMSE, and 3.85 dB in PSNR, in datasets with a 20% bandwidth limitation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Learning in Ultrasound Imaging for Healthcare)

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10 pages, 1273 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Combined Exercise Program on Lower Extremity Alignment and Knee Pain in Patients with Genu Varum

by Hyung-Hoon Moon, Yong-Gon Seo, Won-Moon Kim, Jae-Ho Yu, Hae-Lim Lee and Yun-Jin Park

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010122 - 30 Dec 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2242

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the effect of a combined exercise program on lower-extremity alignment and knee pain in patients with genu varum. Forty-seven middle-aged women with knee pain and genu varum were randomly divided into the exercise (EG, n = 24) and [...] Read more.

This study aimed to assess the effect of a combined exercise program on lower-extremity alignment and knee pain in patients with genu varum. Forty-seven middle-aged women with knee pain and genu varum were randomly divided into the exercise (EG, n = 24) and control (CG, n = 23) groups. The exercise group underwent a combined exercise program lasting 60 min in one session, three times a week for 12 weeks. Knee-to-knee length (KTKL), hip-knee-ankle angle (HKAA), hip inclination angle (HIA), and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) were assessed to evaluate lower-extremity alignment. To evaluate knee pain, the short form-McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) were used. There was a significant difference between the groups, and a decrease of 16% in KTKL (from 6.48 ± 1.26 cm to 5.47 ± 1.21 cm) was shown in EG. Other variables, including HKAA, HIA, and MPTA on the right side, showed significant differences between pre- and post-intervention in EG (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.01, respectively). SF-MPQ score improved with 45% from 18.75 ± 1.64 to 10.33 ± 2.47 after exercise intervention in EG. These results suggest that the combined exercise program, including strength and neuromuscular exercises, is an effective intervention for improving lower-extremity alignment and knee pain in middle-aged women with genu varum. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Covert Benefits of Exercise and Sports)

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16 pages, 2293 KiB

Open AccessArticle

COVID-19, Anti-Intellectualism, and Health Communication: Assessing the Chinese Social Media Platform Sina Weibo

by Shouyun Guo, Teng Lin, Nadeem Akhtar and Juana Du

Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010121 - 30 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2249

Abstract

In the digital media era, new media platforms have become the main channels for transmitting medical and health information in China. However, anti-intellectualism limits the effectiveness of disseminating health information. Therefore, in China, the government and health departments have made efforts to determine [...] Read more.

In the digital media era, new media platforms have become the main channels for transmitting medical and health information in China. However, anti-intellectualism limits the effectiveness of disseminating health information. Therefore, in China, the government and health departments have made efforts to determine how to control anti-intellectualism to effectively disseminate medical and health information, given the situation of a global pandemic and its counter-measures. Against this backdrop, this study applied textual analysis to explore the manifestations of anti-intellectualism in network platforms. The key findings indicate that the irrational behavior of anti-intellectuals is manifested in emotional dominance, abusive behavior, overconfidence and trusting rumors. Based on these results, the authors propose some measures to balance the relationship between anti-intellectualism and health communication. The findings of the study have significant implications for improving the effectiveness of health communication in China. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Coronaviruses (CoV) and COVID-19 Pandemic)

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