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Volume 10
Issue 6
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Healthcare, Volume 10, Issue 6 (June 2022) – 188 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): The Conservation Volunteers’ (TCV™) Green Gym encourages contact with nature, social interaction and physical activity by engaging in guided practical conservation activities. Sessions can be attended flexibly. Users take part in different activities such as planting trees, sowing meadows and establishing wildlife ponds. The University of Westminster and the University of Essex evaluated TCV Green Gyms in England and Scotland to see what the wellbeing benefits were. Before engaging in a Green Gym, users’ wellbeing levels were lower than average UK levels. Engagement in a Green Gym over several months was associated with enhancements in wellbeing. Wellbeing benefits were comparable between Green Gym users and average UK levels. Users who started Green Gym with the lowest levels of wellbeing showed the biggest increases in wellbeing. View this paper
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16 pages, 1639 KiB  
Article
Daily Life Patterns, Psychophysical Conditions, and Immunity of Adolescents in the COVID-19 Era: A Mixed Research with Qualitative Interviews by a Quasi-Experimental Retrospective Study
by Ji-Eun Yu, Denny Eun and Yong-Seok Jee
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1152; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061152 - 20 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1833
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the daily lifestyle changes, prevalence of psychological depression, physical health status, and immunity of adolescents in Korea resulting from increased isolation and social restriction due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: All subjects included 17-year-old male adolescents. A [...] Read more.
Background: This study investigated the daily lifestyle changes, prevalence of psychological depression, physical health status, and immunity of adolescents in Korea resulting from increased isolation and social restriction due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: All subjects included 17-year-old male adolescents. A total of 117 subjects were assigned to one of four groups according to the degree of depression based on item #6 in the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) questionnaire as follows: no-depression group (NDG, n = 71; 61.0%), low-depression group (LDG, n = 23; 19.0%), moderate-depression group (MDG, n = 15; 13.0%), and high-depression group (HDG, n = 8; 7.0%). This study analyzed the data using quantitative and qualitative methods to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic affects adolescents’ daily lives, psychophysiological conditions, and immune function. Results: This study found that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affects the daily lifestyle pattern, psychophysical condition, and immunocytes of adolescents. In terms of depression, 39.0% of adolescents felt depressed, and 7% of them felt depressed almost every day. Overall, HDG considered themselves unhealthy and felt prone to immune diseases, such as colds. HDG were prone to sleep late, eat more frequently, and work out less. Regarding physical fitness factors, the cardiorespiratory endurance, strength, and power of HDG were significantly lower than those of NDG, LDG, and MDG. Moreover, HDG had the worst body composition, including the lowest muscle mass. Finally, natural killer (NK) cells and T cells were significantly different among groups, with the levels in HDG being significantly lower than those of the other three groups. Conclusions: Since the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affects the daily lives, psychophysical conditions, and immunocytes of adolescents, there is an urgent need to create and provide solutions to adolescents with depression though the number of subjects is few. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Well-Being on School Campus in the Post-pandemic Era)
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20 pages, 306 KiB  
Article
Reliability and Validation of the Japanese Version of the Patient Empowerment Scale
by Yoshihito Tsubouchi, Akiyoshi Tainosho, Koudai Shimomura, Kyosuke Yorozuya, Motoasa Kou, Rie Tsubouchi, Hiroyuki Tanaka and Yasuo Naito
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1151; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061151 - 20 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1928
Abstract
Empowerment scales for inpatients have been developed worldwide, but their validity and reliability have not been adequately tested and applied to the health promotion and care among older adults during hospitalization. In this study, the Patient Empowerment Scale developed by Faulkner was translated [...] Read more.
Empowerment scales for inpatients have been developed worldwide, but their validity and reliability have not been adequately tested and applied to the health promotion and care among older adults during hospitalization. In this study, the Patient Empowerment Scale developed by Faulkner was translated into Japanese, and Japanese patients were surveyed to test its clinical applicability. To test its applicability, 151 patients in rehabilitation wards were surveyed in four municipalities. After considering ceiling/floor effects and validating the structure, the Patient Empowerment Scale—Japanese comprised 37 items and six factors: subject–staff interaction, environmental adjustment through collaboration, necessary information gathering and problem awareness, proactive behavioral practices, self-disclosure, and self-management of activities. Criteria-related validity assessment confirmed the scale’s correlation with the Health Locus of Control Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, 13-item Sense of Coherence Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale. Regarding internal consistency, the Cronbach’s alpha was 0.93 for all 37 items. The Cronbach’s alphas for the six factors were 0.93, 0.91, 0.92, 0.92, 0.91, and 0.75, respectively. In our test/re-test of reliability, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between the first and second total scores was ρ = 0.96, p < 0.01. These results confirm the scale’s validity and reliability, and its applicability to older hospitalized patients. Full article
10 pages, 518 KiB  
Article
Study of the Psychometric Properties of the Social Self-Efficacy Scale with Spanish Adolescents by Gender, Age and Family Socioeconomic Level
by Vanesa Salado, Diego Díaz-Milanés, Sara Luna and Sheila Velo
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1150; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061150 - 20 Jun 2022
Viewed by 1485
Abstract
Social self-efficacy has been shown to be a key resource for adolescents’ social experiences with peers and a predictor of prosocial behaviour among adolescents. However, differences by gender, age and socioeconomic level have previously been found in social self-efficacy. The objective of this [...] Read more.
Social self-efficacy has been shown to be a key resource for adolescents’ social experiences with peers and a predictor of prosocial behaviour among adolescents. However, differences by gender, age and socioeconomic level have previously been found in social self-efficacy. The objective of this study is to assess the psychometric properties of the subscale of social self-efficacy from the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-C) developed by Muris (2001) in a representative sample of Spanish adolescents while considering gender, age and socioeconomic level differences. In general, the results showed good psychometric properties and a one-dimensional structure with high internal consistency, adequate explained variance and evidence of external validity for the subscale. Furthermore, the invariance analysis demonstrated that the social self-efficacy subscale shows no bias when used with populations of adolescents who differ by gender, age and socioeconomic level. The results indicate that the Spanish version of the social self-efficacy subscale of the SEQ-C is an adequate measurement instrument for assessing adolescents’ perception of their own social skills. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section School Health)
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8 pages, 238 KiB  
Article
Psychometric Properties and Effects on Health Outcomes of the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) in Korean Hemodialysis Patients
by Ae-Rim Seo, Bo-Kyoung Kim and Ki-Soo Park
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1149; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061149 - 20 Jun 2022
Viewed by 1221
Abstract
Background: The satisfaction of patients receiving integrated care with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is widely advocated and patients with ESRD have special health needs, but few studies have investigated whether integrated care was associated with health outcomes. Our aims were to evaluate the [...] Read more.
Background: The satisfaction of patients receiving integrated care with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is widely advocated and patients with ESRD have special health needs, but few studies have investigated whether integrated care was associated with health outcomes. Our aims were to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Korean-translated patient assessment of chronic illness care (PACIC) in patients with ESRD, and to evaluate whether PACIC evaluated by patients was associated with health outcomes. Methods: ESRD patients on hemodialysis (n = 172) at 2 dialysis centers. Data quality, internal consistency and correlation between items and scales were assessed. To test the external validity, the association between PACIC and the health behaviour and outcomes of hemodialysis patients was analyzed. Results: The mean score of the PACIC items was 3.0. The item-scale correlation (0.67–0.85) and test-retest correlation (0.72–0.82) regarding scales for internal consistency showed excellent consistency. Total PACIC score was significantly associated with dietary self-efficacy (β = 0.22) and serum potassium (Exp(B) = 1.65). Higher overall PACIC score was significantly associated with higher physical health status (β = 3.52). Conclusions: The Korean-translated PACIC questionnaire is a tool with reliability and validity. Comprehensive treatment strategies for ESRD patients may improve their health behaviors and outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention and Management of Kidney Injury)
23 pages, 398 KiB  
Article
Health Promotion for Outpatient Careworkers in Germany
by Natascha Mojtahedzadeh, Monika Bernburg, Elisabeth Rohwer, Albert Nienhaus, David A. Groneberg, Volker Harth and Stefanie Mache
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1148; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061148 - 20 Jun 2022
Viewed by 2099
Abstract
Due to ongoing demographic changes, the need for care is increasing in Germany. The number of outpatient care services is also rising, and with it, the number of employees in outpatient care, who are also continuously becoming older. Workplace health promotion (WHP) becomes [...] Read more.
Due to ongoing demographic changes, the need for care is increasing in Germany. The number of outpatient care services is also rising, and with it, the number of employees in outpatient care, who are also continuously becoming older. Workplace health promotion (WHP) becomes relevant in this context, as it can reduce negative strain reactions and promote employees’ health. The aim of this study was (1) to reveal implemented WHP interventions in German outpatient care services; (2) to examine the potential challenges regarding a successful implementation of WHP measures; and (3) to illuminate further requests and needs experienced by outpatient careworkers. In qualitative field research, 30 semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with German caregivers, using the problem-centered interview method. The collected data were deductively and inductively evaluated and interpreted, using qualitative content analysis according to Mayring. Outpatient caregivers reported various WHP measures known from their workplaces, such as the provision of fruit baskets, programmes to increase physical activity, or a subsidy for a personal gym. They further reported WHP, such as back training, known from other care services. However, the respondents spoke of the challenges regarding the implementation or the use of WHP interventions in general. The most frequently named barriers were a lack of time after work and interventions that were only offered in their leisure time. In the same course, the participants still needed offers to increase physical activity, joint activities, or relaxation techniques. However, respondents highlighted that they preferred the interventions to take place during working hours. This way, they would also be more likely to take advantage of the interventions. The results of this study provide an insight into various WHP measures that already exist, or that are desirable for implementation with regard to caregivers’ needs. Subjectively perceived challenges for a successful implementation of WHP measures represent the importance of adjustments in the work organization of caregivers. It becomes clear that WHP is not yet established in the ambulant care sector, although it appears to be imperative for keeping caregivers healthy. Considering the different needs of employees, the results can provide a basis for the development of needs-based health promotion measures for caregivers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eating Behaviors and Life Style Study)
13 pages, 269 KiB  
Article
Dental Treatment under General Anesthesia in Patients with Special Needs Provided by Private and Public Healthcare Services—A Retrospective, Comparative Study
by Marcello Alves Marinho, Flávia Cristina Teixeira Ramos, Andréa Lanzillotti Cardoso, Geraldo Oliveira Silva-Junior, Marcelo Daniel Brito Faria, Luciana Freitas Bastos, Arkadiusz Dziedzic and Bruna Lavinas Sayed Picciani
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1147; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061147 - 20 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2110
Abstract
In special care dentistry, general anesthesia (GA) is considered as an alternative option to facilitate treatment for uncooperative patients with special needs (PSN) who require invasive dental interventions. Objective: to evaluate the profile of dental treatment procedures performed and the characteristics of PSN [...] Read more.
In special care dentistry, general anesthesia (GA) is considered as an alternative option to facilitate treatment for uncooperative patients with special needs (PSN) who require invasive dental interventions. Objective: to evaluate the profile of dental treatment procedures performed and the characteristics of PSN who underwent dental treatment under GA, provided by private and public healthcare providers. Methods: A retrospective, observational study involving a sample of 100 PSN treated in hospital and specialist secondary care settings. Demographic data and clinical information were collected. The analysis of data was performed using descriptive analysis and frequency statistical tests. Results: out of 100 participants, 63% of the PSN who received care in the private sector and the remaining 37% of PSN registered with public-funded care providers, aged 6 to 80 years old, were treated under GA. Autistic spectrum disorder was the most common medical diagnosis recorded (33%). More than half (52%) of the PSN treated by private care providers sought specialist care in an outpatient setting prior to GA vs. 5% of the PSN treated by public-funded providers. The utilization of sedation prior to GA was more common in the private sector. A vast majority (86%) of all subjects underwent multiple dental extractions (86%) and restorations (62%). Conclusions: comprehensive dental care under GA, which composes an integral part of special care dentistry, can be safely provided in a hospital setting, in both private and public sectors. While early intervention using sedation and behavioral management partially mitigates the need for dental care under GA, the vast majority of PSN may require dental treatment under GA in future to facilitate complex dental care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Dentistry, Oral Health and Maxillofacial Surgery)
10 pages, 537 KiB  
Article
Early Oxygen Treatment Measurements Can Predict COVID-19 Mortality: A Preliminary Study
by Yosi Levi, Dan Yamin, Tomer Brandes, Erez Shmueli, Tal Patalon, Asaf Peretz, Sivan Gazit and Barak Nahir
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1146; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061146 - 20 Jun 2022
Viewed by 1514
Abstract
Halting the rapid clinical deterioration, marked by arterial hypoxemia, is among the greatest challenges clinicians face when treating COVID-19 patients in hospitals. While it is clear that oxygen measures and treatment procedures describe a patient’s clinical condition at a given time point, the [...] Read more.
Halting the rapid clinical deterioration, marked by arterial hypoxemia, is among the greatest challenges clinicians face when treating COVID-19 patients in hospitals. While it is clear that oxygen measures and treatment procedures describe a patient’s clinical condition at a given time point, the potential predictive strength of the duration and extent of oxygen supplementation methods over the entire course of hospitalization for a patient death from COVID-19 has yet to be assessed. In this study, we aim to develop a prediction model for COVID-19 mortality in hospitals by utilizing data on oxygen supplementation modalities of patients. We analyzed the data of 545 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 complications admitted to Assuta Ashdod Medical Center, Israel, between 7 March 2020, and 16 March 2021. By solely analyzing the daily data on oxygen supplementation modalities in 182 random patients, we could identify that 75% (9 out of 12) of individuals supported by reservoir oxygen masks during the first two days died 3–30 days following hospital admission. By contrast, the mortality rate was 4% (4 out of 98) among those who did not require any oxygenation supplementation. Then, we combined this data with daily blood test results and clinical information of 545 patients to predict COVID-19 mortality. Our Random Forest model yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) score on the test set of 82.5%, 81.3%, and 83.0% at admission, two days post-admission, and seven days post-admission, respectively. Overall, our results could essentially assist clinical decision-making and optimized treatment and management for COVID-19 hospitalized patients with an elevated risk of mortality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Priorities and COVID-19)
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9 pages, 619 KiB  
Article
A Psychometric Analysis of the Nurse Satisfaction with the Quality of Care Scale
by Bayan Alilyyani, Michael Kerr, Carol Wong and Dhuha Wazqar
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1145; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061145 - 20 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2145
Abstract
The concept of quality of nursing care can vary across healthcare organizations, and many different factors may affect the quality of nursing care as perceived by nurses. Measuring satisfaction with quality of nursing care from the nurse’s perspective is important as a valid [...] Read more.
The concept of quality of nursing care can vary across healthcare organizations, and many different factors may affect the quality of nursing care as perceived by nurses. Measuring satisfaction with quality of nursing care from the nurse’s perspective is important as a valid and reliable indicator of care quality. The purpose of this study was to measure the psychometric properties of a researcher-developed instrument measuring nurse satisfaction with quality of care. A sample of 200 nurses was randomly selected from three different cities in Saudi Arabia and surveyed with the Nurse Satisfaction with Quality of Care Scale, which is a self-administrated five-item scale. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and internal consistency analysis were conducted to assess aspects of the validity and reliability of the instrument. The results of exploratory factor analysis supported a one-factor structure that consisted of the five items. Confirmatory factor analysis results confirmed that the five items were integral to nurse satisfaction with quality of care. The Cronbach internal consistency of the scale was acceptable. The scale appeared to be a reliable and valid tool for assessing nurse perceptions of their satisfaction with the quality of care provided. Additional studies to further test psychometric properties of this scale in different contexts are warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nursing)
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12 pages, 415 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Sociodemographic Characteristics on Coping Strategies Used by Nurses Working at COVID and Non-COVID Hospital Departments during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Matea Dolić, Vesna Antičević, Krešimir Dolić and Zenon Pogorelić
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1144; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061144 - 20 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1896
Abstract
Background: The aim of our study was to compare coping strategies applied by nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic at COVID-19 (CoV) and non-COVID-19 (non-CoV) hospital departments with regards to their sociodemographic characteristics in order that the system can provide them better support [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of our study was to compare coping strategies applied by nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic at COVID-19 (CoV) and non-COVID-19 (non-CoV) hospital departments with regards to their sociodemographic characteristics in order that the system can provide them better support in future similar situations. Methods: A total of 380 out of 1305 nurses participated in the survey during December 2020. Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) was used. Stepwise regression analysis was used to determine the interaction between sociodemographic characteristics and coping strategies. Results: The CoV married nurses (62.2%) used problem- (p = 0.010) and emotion- (p = 0.003) focused coping more and avoidance coping less (p = 0.007). CoV nurses with master’s degrees (11.1%) used both problem- and emotion-focused coping less (p < 0.01), and older nurses used emotional coping more than the younger nurses (p = 0.027), whereas younger nurses used more avoidance coping (p < 0.01). CoV nurses without children (41%) used avoidance strategies more than nurses who had 2–3 children (p < 0.001). Among non-CoV nurses, less use of emotional coping was recorded in nurses with master’s degrees (4%) than in those with a high school diploma (44.2%) (p = 0.002). Avoidance coping was also used more by married non-CoV nurses (79.1%) (p < 0.001) and those without children (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Sociodemographic factors such as working experience, age, level of education and marital status influenced chosen coping strategies during the health crisis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Perspectives on Nursing and Midwifery Workforce Development)
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23 pages, 534 KiB  
Review
Health Education Programmes to Improve Foot Self-Care Knowledge and Behaviour among Older People with End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) Receiving Haemodialysis (A Systematic Review)
by Layla Alshammari, Peter O’Halloran, Oonagh McSorley, Julie Doherty and Helen Noble
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1143; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061143 - 20 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3427
Abstract
Background: ESKD is a total or near-permanent failure in renal function. It is irreversible, progressive and ultimately fatal without peritoneal dialysis (PD), haemodialysis (HD) or kidney transplantation. Dialysis treatments can create new and additional problems for patients, one of which is foot amputation, [...] Read more.
Background: ESKD is a total or near-permanent failure in renal function. It is irreversible, progressive and ultimately fatal without peritoneal dialysis (PD), haemodialysis (HD) or kidney transplantation. Dialysis treatments can create new and additional problems for patients, one of which is foot amputation, as a result of non-healing wounds and vascular complications. The association between dialysis therapy and foot ulceration is linked to several factors: physical and psychological health; peripheral arterial disease (PAD); mobility; tissue oxygenation; manual dexterity; neuropathy; visual acuity; anaemia; nutrition; leg oedema; hypoalbuminemia; infection; inadequacy of dialysis; and leg/foot support during dialysis. The potential risk factors for foot ulceration may include: not routinely receiving foot care education; incorrect use of footwear; diabetes duration; neuropathy; and peripheral arterial disease. Aim: The aim of this review is to examine the factors that help or hinder successful implementation of foot care education programmes for ESKD patients receiving haemodialysis. Method: A comprehensive literature search was completed using five electronic databases. Medline; CINAHL; Embase; PsycINFO; and Cochrane Library. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist (JBI) was used to quality appraise full text papers included in the review. The systematic review was not limited to specific categories of interventions to enable optimal comparison between interventions and provide a comprehensive overview of the evidence in this important field of foot care. Results: We found no previously published studies that considered foot care education programmes for haemodialysis patients who are not diabetic; thus, the present systematic review examined four studies on diabetic patients receiving haemodialysis exposed to foot care education programmes from various types of intervention designs. Conclusions: This systematic review has provided evidence that it is possible to influence foot care knowledge and self-care behaviours in both diabetic patients receiving haemodialysis and healthcare professionals. Full article
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9 pages, 452 KiB  
Article
Knowledge and Prevalence of Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease in Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
by Mikołaj Matysek, Krzysztof Wójcicki, Tomasz Tokarek, Artur Dziewierz, Tomasz Rakowski, Stanisław Bartuś and Dariusz Dudek
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1142; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061142 - 20 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1625
Abstract
Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with a short hospital stay and fast recovery. However, it might be related to insufficient implementation of lifestyle changes after the procedure. Conversely, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a highly invasive technique that requires a [...] Read more.
Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with a short hospital stay and fast recovery. However, it might be related to insufficient implementation of lifestyle changes after the procedure. Conversely, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a highly invasive technique that requires a prolonged hospital stay and long rehabilitation with more opportunities for education. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of CABG on adherence to lifestyle modifications and knowledge about coronary artery disease (CAD) in comparison with PCI. We also evaluated the level of education and tried to define groups of patients that might require targeted education. Methods: Data was collected using a self-designed 56-item questionnaire. Questions assessed the knowledge of CAD risk factors and the level of their control. Results: The study group consisted of 155 consecutive patients admitted to the Cardiology Department. Patients with a history of PCI (68%) (at least 8 weeks before) were included in the prior-PCI group, and patients with previous surgical revascularization (also at least 8 weeks before) were assigned to the prior-CABG group (32%). The knowledge score was higher in the prior-CABG group. The median (IQR) results in the prior-PCI vs. prior-CABG group were, respectively: 20 (12–24) vs. 22 (19–25) [points, per 31 max.]; p = 0.01. Similar results were obtained in the level of risk control (prior-PCI vs. prior-CABG, respectively: 6 (4–7) vs. 7 (6–8) [points, per 15 max.]; p = 0.002). Conclusions: The method of treatment of CAD might impact the implementation of lifestyle modifications after the procedure. More effort is required to improve secondary prevention, especially in PCI patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Diseases: Education, Prevention and Treatment)
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12 pages, 619 KiB  
Review
Use of the Nursing Interventions Classification and Nurses’ Workloads: A Scoping Review
by Claudio-Alberto Rodríguez-Suárez, Martín Rodríguez-Álvaro, Alfonso-Miguel García-Hernández, Domingo-Ángel Fernández-Gutiérrez, Carlos-Enrique Martínez-Alberto and Pedro-Ruymán Brito-Brito
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1141; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061141 - 19 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3179
Abstract
Background: The Nursing Interventions Classification allows the systematic organisation of care treatments performed by nurses, and an estimation of the time taken to carry out the intervention is included in its characteristics. The aim of this study is to explore the evidence related [...] Read more.
Background: The Nursing Interventions Classification allows the systematic organisation of care treatments performed by nurses, and an estimation of the time taken to carry out the intervention is included in its characteristics. The aim of this study is to explore the evidence related to the use of the Nursing Interventions Classification in identifying and measure nurses’ workloads. Methods: A scoping review was conducted through a search of the databases Ovid Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, LILACS and Cuiden. The DeCS/MeSH descriptors were: “Standardized Nursing terminology” and “Workload”. The search was limited to articles in Spanish, English and Portuguese. No limits were established regarding year of publication or type of study. Results: Few reports were identified (n = 8) and these had methodological designs that contributed low levels of evidence. Research was focused on identifying specific interventions, types of activities, the prevalence of interventions and the time required to perform them. Conclusions: The evidence found on determination of nurses’ workloads using the Nursing Interventions Classification was inconclusive. It is essential to increase the number of reports, as well as the settings and clinical context in which the Nursing Interventions Classification is used, with greater quality and methodological rigour. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nursing)
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16 pages, 955 KiB  
Article
Knowledge and Use of Cervical Cancer Prevention Services among Social Work and Nursing University Students
by Maria Moudatsou, Panayiota Vouyiouka, Eleni Karagianni-Hatziskou, Michael Rovithis, Areti Stavropoulou and Sofia Koukouli
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1140; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061140 - 19 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2262
Abstract
The present study examines: (a) the knowledge of healthcare students on cervical cancer (CC) issues and the use of related preventive services, as well as their association with the field of study and other sociodemographic characteristics; (b) the possible effect of social capital [...] Read more.
The present study examines: (a) the knowledge of healthcare students on cervical cancer (CC) issues and the use of related preventive services, as well as their association with the field of study and other sociodemographic characteristics; (b) the possible effect of social capital and its parameters. A cross-sectional study was conducted, using a convenience non-probability sampling technique. The final sample consisted of forty-nine social work and fifty-one nursing students. The two groups were similar regarding their sociodemographic characteristics and the knowledge and use of gynecological preventive services. However, the nursing students undertook a PAP smear check-up to a lesser extent (48.6%) compared to social work students (51.4%) (p = 0.026). The social capital scores were high for both groups, but social work students were significantly more ‘Tolerant to diversity’. For the total sample, only the ‘Family and friends connections’ subscale correlated with knowledge about the existing gynecological preventive services. Among the main reasons explaining university students’ avoidance of preventive testing were the feelings of fear and embarrassment associated with the PAP smear test. Given the significance of the future professional roles of healthcare students as information sources and leaders in women’s CC preventive behavior, understanding the individual factors contributing to their own adherence is essential. It is equally important to increase their scientific knowledge through the improvement of academic curricula regarding these issues. Full article
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10 pages, 277 KiB  
Article
Association between Fear of Falling and Seven Performance-Based Physical Function Measures in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Wen-Ni Wennie Huang, Hui-Fen Mao, Hsin-Min Lee and Wen-Chou Chi
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1139; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061139 - 19 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1614
Abstract
Fear of falling (FOF), a common phenomenon among older adults, may result in adverse health consequences. The strength of the association between FOF and physical function among older adults has not been well compared in previous studies. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was performed [...] Read more.
Fear of falling (FOF), a common phenomenon among older adults, may result in adverse health consequences. The strength of the association between FOF and physical function among older adults has not been well compared in previous studies. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was performed on 105 older adults to determine and compare the strength of the association between FOF and seven common physical function measures. After controlling for age, logistic regression models were fitted for each physical function measure. According to odds ratios, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Short Physical Performance Battery, gait speed, and Timed Up & Go Test were associated with the identification of FOF. Based on a c-statistic value of 0.76, the BBS, a common and quick assessment of functional balance tasks, was found to be able to distinguish between fearful and non-fearful older adults. Interventions targeted to improve lower-extremity physical functions, especially functional balance ability, may help prevent or delay the adverse consequences of FOF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Evaluation and Prescription in Older Adults)
16 pages, 362 KiB  
Article
Religiosity, Emotions and Health: The Role of Trust/Mistrust in God in People Affected by Cancer
by David Almaraz, Jesús Saiz, Florentino Moreno Martín, Iván Sánchez-Iglesias, Antonio J. Molina, Tamara L. Goldsby and David H. Rosmarin
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1138; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061138 - 18 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1869
Abstract
Trust in God implies the conviction that God looks after a person’s own interests. The first evidence of a relationship between this construct and people’s psychological and emotional health dates back several centuries. However, the literature on this is limited, especially for people [...] Read more.
Trust in God implies the conviction that God looks after a person’s own interests. The first evidence of a relationship between this construct and people’s psychological and emotional health dates back several centuries. However, the literature on this is limited, especially for people with physical health conditions, such as cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to test the relationships between trust/mistrust in God, social support and emotions in people affected by cancer. The sample consisted of 177 women and men in Spain diagnosed with cancer. The instruments used were the Trust/Mistrust in God Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were performed to compare several explanatory models for the dependent variables: positive and negative emotions. The results show significant relationships between all variables. It was observed that, when trust/mistrust in God is included in the model, only mistrust in God predicts both types of emotions. In addition, both social support and some sociodemographic variables help to predict the dependent variables. This study shows that valuing the religiosity and spirituality of oncology patients in healthcare settings can have a significant positive impact on the health of these individuals. Moreover, it represents an important approach to the study of trust/mistrust in God in the context of a traditionally Catholic country. Full article
19 pages, 3105 KiB  
Article
The Efficacy of Machine-Learning-Supported Smart System for Heart Disease Prediction
by Nurul Absar, Emon Kumar Das, Shamsun Nahar Shoma, Mayeen Uddin Khandaker, Mahadi Hasan Miraz, M. R. I. Faruque, Nissren Tamam, Abdelmoneim Sulieman and Refat Khan Pathan
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1137; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061137 - 18 Jun 2022
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 4223
Abstract
The disease may be an explicit status that negatively affects human health. Cardiopathy is one of the common deadly diseases that is attributed to unhealthy human habits compared to alternative diseases. With the help of machine learning (ML) algorithms, heart disease can be [...] Read more.
The disease may be an explicit status that negatively affects human health. Cardiopathy is one of the common deadly diseases that is attributed to unhealthy human habits compared to alternative diseases. With the help of machine learning (ML) algorithms, heart disease can be noticed in a short time as well as at a low cost. This study adopted four machine learning models, such as random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), AdaBoost (AB), and K-nearest neighbor (KNN), to detect heart disease. A generalized algorithm was constructed to analyze the strength of the relevant factors that contribute to heart disease prediction. The models were evaluated using the datasets Cleveland, Hungary, Switzerland, and Long Beach (CHSLB), and all were collected from Kaggle. Based on the CHSLB dataset, RF, DT, AB, and KNN models predicted an accuracy of 99.03%, 96.10%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. In the case of a single (Cleveland) dataset, only two models, namely RF and KNN, show good accuracy of 93.437% and 97.83%, respectively. Finally, the study used Streamlit, an internet-based cloud hosting platform, to develop a computer-aided smart system for disease prediction. It is expected that the proposed tool together with the ML algorithm will play a key role in diagnosing heart diseases in a very convenient manner. Above all, the study has made a substantial contribution to the computation of strength scores with significant predictors in the prognosis of heart disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computing and Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Healthcare Applications: Second Edition)
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9 pages, 571 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Diagnostic Imaging Sector in Public Hospitals in Northern Jordan
by Ammar A. Oglat
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1136; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061136 - 18 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1878
Abstract
The most effective diagnostic methods in the medical field are diagnostic imaging techniques such as radiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear medicine, which are used to visualize internal body to diagnose it, determine potential treatment, and evaluate and forecast [...] Read more.
The most effective diagnostic methods in the medical field are diagnostic imaging techniques such as radiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear medicine, which are used to visualize internal body to diagnose it, determine potential treatment, and evaluate and forecast care results. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to assess the diagnostic imaging sector, at three major public hospitals in the northern part of Jordan, according to regional and global requirements. The assessment approach was based on knowledge of the accessibility of diagnostic imaging equipment and its quality assurance and performance, the quantity and efficiency of radiological technologists, and the design of radiology units and medical imaging chambers in many aspects based on the use of two tools, a questionnaire and checklists, to accomplish a comprehensive evaluation. The response rate of radiological technologists was 66%. The assessment reveals a noticeable increase in the number of radiological technologists in general with high academic qualification level. Additionally, the number of diagnostic imaging equipment in Jordan revealed a large deficiency in the population–device balance, and through checklists that evaluated both CT and MRI units, it was revealed that the rate of following global requirements and occupational health and safety (OHS) standards was high. The basic supplies available in both the CT and MRI units alike were high, which indicates the high quality of healthcare provided in Jordan. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Radiology-Driven Projects: Science, Networks, and Healthcare)
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11 pages, 444 KiB  
Article
Impact of an Educational Program on Improving Nurses’ Management of Fever: An Experimental Study
by Bi-Hung Hsiao, Ya-Ling Tzeng, Kwo-Chen Lee, Shu-Hua Lu and Yun-Ping Lin
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1135; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061135 - 17 Jun 2022
Viewed by 2037
Abstract
Background: Despite a public information campaign “To Break the Myth of Fever”, nurses continued to overtreat fever. This study hypothesized that the campaign lacked the detailed rationale essential to alter nurses’ attitudes and behaviors. Aim: To evaluate the effect of the educational program [...] Read more.
Background: Despite a public information campaign “To Break the Myth of Fever”, nurses continued to overtreat fever. This study hypothesized that the campaign lacked the detailed rationale essential to alter nurses’ attitudes and behaviors. Aim: To evaluate the effect of the educational program on nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to fever management. Design: A randomized experimental design using a time series analysis. Methods: A random sample of 58 medical/surgical nurses was evenly divided into an intervention and a control group. The intervention group received an educational program on fever and fever management. Both groups completed a pretest and four posttests using investigator-developed instruments: a questionnaire on knowledge and attitudes about fever management and a fever treatment checklist to audit charts. Results: The intervention group had markedly higher knowledge scores and reduced use of ice pillows at all four posttests, as well as lower use of antipyretics overall, except for the first posttest, despite no sustained change in attitude. Conclusions: An educational program for fever management can effectively improve clinical nurses’ knowledge and attitudes about fever management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Nursing in Healthcare)
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7 pages, 355 KiB  
Review
Medical–Legal and Psychosocial Considerations on Parental Alienation as a Form of Child Abuse: A Brief Review
by Oana-Maria Isailă and Sorin Hostiuc
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1134; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061134 - 17 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2858
Abstract
Parental alienation, an entity situated at the limit of psychiatry, sociology, and justice, still represents a controversial concept despite the legal dispositions that take it into account. The scope of this paper is to consider the relationship between parent and child, and child [...] Read more.
Parental alienation, an entity situated at the limit of psychiatry, sociology, and justice, still represents a controversial concept despite the legal dispositions that take it into account. The scope of this paper is to consider the relationship between parent and child, and child abuse from a psychosocial perspective, as well as to depict parental alienation, considered a form of child abuse, without omitting contradictory arguments which are also based on prudence in the minor’s interest, turning the attention to parental estrangement. Although parental alienation is not a psychiatric diagnosis per se and neither is parental estrangement, recognizing the difference between them is vital to adequately manage the situation at the time of establishing custody. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Youth Mental Health and Family Support)
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18 pages, 1219 KiB  
Article
Acute Supplementation with Cannabidiol Does Not Attenuate Inflammation or Improve Measures of Performance following Strenuous Exercise
by Brett W. Crossland, B. Rhett Rigby, Anthony A. Duplanty, George A. King, Shanil Juma, Nicholas A. Levine, Cayla E. Clark, Kyndall P. Ramirez and Nicole L. Varone
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1133; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061133 - 17 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2518
Abstract
Supplementation with cannabidiol (CBD) may expedite recovery when consumed after exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine if supplementation with CBD reduces inflammation and enhances performance following strenuous eccentric exercise in collegiate athletes. Twenty-four well-trained females (age = 21.2 ± 1.8 [...] Read more.
Supplementation with cannabidiol (CBD) may expedite recovery when consumed after exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine if supplementation with CBD reduces inflammation and enhances performance following strenuous eccentric exercise in collegiate athletes. Twenty-four well-trained females (age = 21.2 ± 1.8 years, height = 166.4 ± 8 cm, weight = 64.9 ± 9.1 kg) completed 100 repetitions of unilateral eccentric leg extension to induce muscle damage. In this crossover design, participants were randomized to receive 5 mg/kg of CBD in pill form or a placebo 2 h prior to, immediately following, and 10 h following muscle damage. Blood was collected, and performance and fatigue were measured prior to, and 4 h, 24 h, and 48 h following the muscle damage. Approximately 28 days separated treatment administration to control for the menstrual cycle. No significant differences were observed between the treatments for inflammation, muscle damage, or subjective fatigue. Peak torque at 60°/s (p = 0.001) and peak isometric torque (p = 0.02) were significantly lower 24 h following muscle damage, but no difference in performance was observed between treatments at any timepoint. Cannabidiol supplementation was unable to reduce fatigue, limit inflammation, or restore performance in well-trained female athletes. Full article
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18 pages, 4053 KiB  
Article
A Competition-Based Problem-Posing Approach for Nursing Training
by Han-Yu Sung
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1132; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061132 - 17 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1849
Abstract
Conventional nursing teaching usually adopts one-way teaching approaches. As such, students cannot think deeply and engage in learning, which results in lower learning motivation and learning achievement. Several studies have indicated that problem-posing is a learning process that has students think about problems [...] Read more.
Conventional nursing teaching usually adopts one-way teaching approaches. As such, students cannot think deeply and engage in learning, which results in lower learning motivation and learning achievement. Several studies have indicated that problem-posing is a learning process that has students think about problems and actively construct knowledge, which helps their in-depth thinking and promotes their learning achievement. However, problem-posing is a task with a higher difficulty level; in particular, with insufficient learning motivation, it is not easy for students to pose in-depth questions. Therefore, the present study introduced competition to a problem-posing activity to facilitate students’ motivation. This study adopted a quasi-experimental design and conducted an experiment in the unit of Care of Critically Ill Patients. The results showed that the proposed competition-based problem-posing mobile learning approach could significantly enhance students’ learning achievement and learning motivation and would not cause an excessive cognitive load. Moreover, competition increased students’ learning motivation, and fostered them to actively reflect on and revise their questions, thereby increasing their problem-posing quality and learning achievement. This study can serve as a reference for future clinical practice to enhance the quality and sustainability of apprenticeships. Full article
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15 pages, 3013 KiB  
Article
Telehome Monitoring of Symptoms and Lung Function in Children with Asthma
by Audrey Fossati, Caroline Challier, Aman Allah Dalhoumi, Javier Rose, Annick Robinson, Caroline Perisson, François Galode, Baptiste Luaces and Michael Fayon
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1131; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061131 - 17 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1433
Abstract
Background: The ability to perceive bronchial obstruction is variable in asthma. This is one of the main causes of inaccurate asthma control assessment, on which therapeutic strategies are based. Objective: Primary: To evaluate the ability of physicians to characterize the bronchial obstruction perception [...] Read more.
Background: The ability to perceive bronchial obstruction is variable in asthma. This is one of the main causes of inaccurate asthma control assessment, on which therapeutic strategies are based. Objective: Primary: To evaluate the ability of physicians to characterize the bronchial obstruction perception profile in asthmatic children using a clinical and spiro-metric telemonitoring device. Secondary: To evaluate its impact on asthma management (control, treatment, respiratory function variability) and the acceptability of this telemonitoring system. Methods: 26 asthmatic children aged 6–18 years equipped with a portable spirometer and a smartphone application were home-monitored remotely for 3 months. Clinical and spiro-metric data were automatically transmitted to a secure internet platform. By analyzing these data, three physicians blindly and independently classified the patients according to their perception profile. The impact of telemonitoring on the quantitative data was assessed at the beginning (T0) and end (T3 months) of telemonitoring, using matched statistical tests. Results: Patients could initially be classified according to their perception profile, with a concordance between the three observers of 64% (kappa coefficient: 0.55, 95%CI [0.39; 0.71]). After discussion among the observers, consensus was reached for all patients but one. There was a significant >40% decrease in FEV1 and PEF variability, with good acceptance of the device. Conclusions: Clinical and spiro-metric tele-home monitoring is applicable and can help define the perception profile of bronchial obstruction in asthmatic children. The device was generally well accepted. Full article
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20 pages, 1068 KiB  
Article
Understanding the Needs and Priorities of People Living with Persistent Pain and Long-Term Musculoskeletal Conditions during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Public Involvement Project
by Sally Fowler Davis, Helen Humphreys, Tom Maden-Wilkinson, Sarah Withers, Anna Lowe and Robert J. Copeland
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1130; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061130 - 17 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2309
Abstract
Background: Critiques of public involvement (PI) are associated with failing to be inclusive of under-represented groups, and this leads to research that fails to include a diversity of perspectives. Aim: The aim of this PI project was to understand the experiences and priorities [...] Read more.
Background: Critiques of public involvement (PI) are associated with failing to be inclusive of under-represented groups, and this leads to research that fails to include a diversity of perspectives. Aim: The aim of this PI project was to understand the experiences and priorities of people from three seldom-heard groups whose musculoskeletal pain may have been exacerbated or treatment delayed due to COVID-19. Engaging representatives to report diverse experiences was important, given the goal of developing further research into personalised and integrated care and addressing population health concerns about access and self-management for people with musculoskeletal pain. Methods: The project was approved via Sheffield Hallam University Ethics but was exempt from further HRA approval. A literature review was conducted, followed by informal individual and group discussions involving professionals and people with lived experience of (a) fibromyalgia pain, (b) those waiting for elective surgery and (c) experts associated with the care home sector. Findings from the literature review were combined with the insights from the public involvement. Resulting narratives were developed to highlight the challenges associated with persistent pain and informed the creation of consensus statements on the priorities for service improvement and future research. The consensus statements were shared and refined with input from an expert steering group. Results: The narratives describe pain as a uniformly difficult experience to share with professionals; it is described as exhausting, frustrating and socially limiting. Pain leads to exclusion from routine daily activities and often resigns people to feeling and being unwell. In all cases, there are concerns about accessing and improving services and critical issues associated with optimising physical activity, functional wellbeing and managing polypharmacy. Exercise and/or mobilisation are important and commonly used self-management strategies, but opportunity and advice about safe methods are variable. Services should focus on personalised care, including self-management support and medication management, so that people’s views and needs are heard and validated by health professionals. Conclusions: More research is needed to explore the most effective pain management strategies, and public involvement is important to shape the most relevant research questions. Health and care systems evaluation is also needed to address the scale of the population health need. The pandemic appears to have highlighted pre-existing shortcomings in holistic pain management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthcare System Recovery Post COVID-19)
13 pages, 1648 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Effect of Resistance Training on Bone Mineral Density in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Danilo A. Massini, Flávio H. Nedog, Thiago P. de Oliveira, Tiago A. F. Almeida, Caroline A. A. Santana, Cassiano M. Neiva, Anderson G. Macedo, Eliane A. Castro, Mário C. Espada, Fernando J. Santos and Dalton M. Pessôa Filho
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1129; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061129 - 17 Jun 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3920
Abstract
Resistance training (RT) has been considered an intervention with effective stimulus on bone mineral formation and is, therefore, recommended to decrease the rate of bone morpho-functional proprieties loss with aging. Thus, this meta-analysis aimed to analyze the effectiveness of RT protocols in promoting [...] Read more.
Resistance training (RT) has been considered an intervention with effective stimulus on bone mineral formation and is, therefore, recommended to decrease the rate of bone morpho-functional proprieties loss with aging. Thus, this meta-analysis aimed to analyze the effectiveness of RT protocols in promoting changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults. The systematic reviews and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42020170859). The searches were performed in the electronic databases using descriptors according to the PICO strategy. The methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed with the PEDro scale, and the magnitude of the results was determined by Hedges’ g. Seven studies involving 370 elderlies, with the RT planned as a unique exercise mode of intervention, showed designs with four to five exercises for upper- and lower-limbs musculature, two to three sets per exercise, eight to twelve repetitions to failure at 70–90% 1 RM, 60–120 s of rest between sets, and executed three times per week for 12–52 weeks. The RT protocols were classified between good and excellent and evidenced a positive effect on the BMD at the hip (0.64%) and spine (0.62%) but not in the femoral neck (−0.22%) regardless of the intervention length. The narrow range of either positive or negative changes in the BMD after the RT intervention support, at best, a preventive effect against the increasing risk of bone frailty in an older population, which is evident beyond 12 weeks of RT practice engagement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Sport and Exercise Medicine)
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11 pages, 249 KiB  
Article
Hospital Length of Stay in Patients with and without Serious and Persistent Mental Illness: Evidence of Racial and Ethnic Differences
by Omolola E. Adepoju, Lyoung H. Kim and Steven M. Starks
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1128; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061128 - 17 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1682
Abstract
Background: Prior studies have documented racial and ethnic differences in mental healthcare utilization, and extensively in outpatient treatment and prescription medication usage for mental health disorders. However, limited studies have investigated racial and ethnic differences in length of inpatient stay (LOS) in patients [...] Read more.
Background: Prior studies have documented racial and ethnic differences in mental healthcare utilization, and extensively in outpatient treatment and prescription medication usage for mental health disorders. However, limited studies have investigated racial and ethnic differences in length of inpatient stay (LOS) in patients with and without Serious and Persistent Mental Illness. Understanding racial and ethnic differences in LOS is necessary given that longer stays in hospital are associated with adverse health outcomes, which in turn contribute to health inequities. Objective: To examine racial and ethnic differences in length of stay among patients with and without serious and persistent mental illness (SPMI) and how these differences vary in two age cohorts: patients aged 18 to 64 and patients aged 65+. Methods: This study employed a retrospective cohort design to address the research objective, using the 2018 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) National Inpatient Sample. After merging the 2018 National Inpatient Sample’s Core and Hospital files, Generalized Linear Model (GLM), adjusting for covariates, was applied to examine associations between race and ethnicity, and length of stay for patients with and without SPMI. Results: Overall, patients from racialized groups were likely to stay longer than White patients regardless of severe mental health status. Of all races and ethnicities examined, Asian patients had the most extended stays in both age cohorts: 8.69 days for patients with SPMI and 5.73 days for patients without SPMI in patients aged 18 to 64 years and 8.89 days for patients with SPMI and 6.05 days for patients without SPMI in the 65+ cohort. For individuals aged 18 to 64, differences in length of stay were significantly pronounced in Asian patients (1.6 days), Black patients (0.27 days), and Native American patients/patients from other races (0.76 days) if they had SPMI. For individuals aged 65 and older, Asian patients (1.09 days) and Native American patients/patients from other races (0.45 days) had longer inpatient stays if they had SPMI. Conclusion: Racial and ethnic differences in inpatient length of stay were most pronounced in Asian patients with and without SPMI. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanism(s) for these differences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Racism, Chronic Disease, and Mental Health: Essential Insights and Approaches for Achieving Health and Healthcare Equity)
9 pages, 1591 KiB  
Review
Adverse Childhood Events, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Infectious Encephalopathies and Immune-Mediated Disease
by Robert C. Bransfield
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1127; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061127 - 17 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5574
Abstract
Adverse Childhood Events (ACE), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and infectious encephalopathies are associated with immune-mediated diseases. Data supporting this are reviewed, and an integrated hypothesis is provided. All three can be associated with intrusive symptoms and temporal lobe pathology. ACE and PTSD are [...] Read more.
Adverse Childhood Events (ACE), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and infectious encephalopathies are associated with immune-mediated diseases. Data supporting this are reviewed, and an integrated hypothesis is provided. All three can be associated with intrusive symptoms and temporal lobe pathology. ACE and PTSD are accompanied by an impaired mental capacity to differentiate external danger vs. safety. Infectious encephalopathies are accompanied by a failure of adaptive immunity and an impaired immune capacity to differentiate internal danger vs. safety. All three conditions are associated with impairments to differentiate danger vs. safety and adapt effectively. There are reciprocal interactions between ACE, PTSD, and infectious encephalopathies with accompanying persistent immune activation. This is associated with immune dysregulation, chronic hyperarousal, activation of the stress response, and impairments of the fear recognition and response neural circuits, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, amygdala, and hippocampus. The pathophysiological processes can result in a broad spectrum of chronic neuropsychiatric and somatic symptoms and diseases. Understanding the psychodynamic, neurological, neuroimmune, inflammatory and autoimmune components of this interactive process expands the effective treatment opportunities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Why Some Patients Never Fully Recover: Post Active Phase of Infection Syndromes (PAPIS))
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9 pages, 839 KiB  
Article
Antibiotic Resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Children with Gastritis and Peptic Ulcers in Mekong Delta, Vietnam
by Loan Thi Thuy Le, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Nghia An Nguyen, Yen Thi Hai Nguyen, Hai Thi Be Nguyen, Liem Thanh Nguyen, Mai Tuyet Vi and Thang Nguyen
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1121; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061121 - 17 Jun 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2394
Abstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes gastritis, duodenal and gastric ulcers, and gastric cancer. H. pylori eradication efficacy is low worldwide, and antibiotic resistance is the leading cause of therapy failure; therefore, this study was performed to determine the characteristics [...] Read more.
Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes gastritis, duodenal and gastric ulcers, and gastric cancer. H. pylori eradication efficacy is low worldwide, and antibiotic resistance is the leading cause of therapy failure; therefore, this study was performed to determine the characteristics of antibiotic resistance of H. pylori in children with gastritis, duodenal and gastric ulcer. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 237 pediatric patients diagnosed with gastroduodenal inflammation and ulcer at two hospitals in Vietnam from March 2019 to April 2022. Pediatric patients with positive H. pylori tests continued to do E-tests to measure the minimum inhibitory concentration of the antibiotic so that we could prescribe effective antibiotics based on the sensitivity. Results: In 237 pediatric patients (51.1% males) with a median age of 10.3 years (range 5–16 years), endoscopic images showed that inflammatory lesions and peptic ulcers accounted for 69.2% and 30.8%, respectively. Resistance rates of H. pylori were 80.6% to clarithromycin (CLR), 71.7% to amoxicillin (AMX), 49.4% to metronidazole (MTZ), 45.1% to levofloxacin (LEV), and 11.4% to tetracycline (TET); dual resistance to AMX + CLR was 64.2%, AMX + LEV 35%, AMX + MTZ 33.3%, CLR + MTZ 32.5%, and TET + MTZ 7.2%. The frequency of clarithromycin resistance was significantly increased, particularly in pediatric patients who had received prior H. pylori treatment. The percentage of amoxicillin resistance increased with age; amoxicillin resistance of H. pylori was more prevalent among pediatric patients with peptic ulcers than those with gastroduodenal inflammation and higher in males than females. Conclusions: The proportions of resistance to CLR, AMX, MTZ, and LEV were extremely high, in contrast to TET, which was lower in pediatric patients. Our study suggests that the standard triple therapy with CLR should be limited as the empiric therapy for pediatric patients, and we should consider using eradication regimens with TET for children over 8 years of age if the medical facility is not qualified to perform antibiotic susceptibility tests of H. pylori in the Mekong Delta. Full article
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15 pages, 651 KiB  
Article
Child Gender and Married Women’s Overwork: Evidence from Rural–Urban Migrants in China
by Yanjiao Song and Ruojing Wang
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1126; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061126 - 16 Jun 2022
Viewed by 1503
Abstract
Overwork is one of the risk factors for the work-related burden of disease. In China, nearly a quarter of migrant women are overworked. Working long hours can significantly increase the possibility of migrant women suffering from hypertension and hyperglycemia. The phenomenon of overtime [...] Read more.
Overwork is one of the risk factors for the work-related burden of disease. In China, nearly a quarter of migrant women are overworked. Working long hours can significantly increase the possibility of migrant women suffering from hypertension and hyperglycemia. The phenomenon of overtime work of migrant women and their health conditions deserves attention. Based on the China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2016, this study indicates that giving birth to a boy may exacerbate overtime work among migrant women and having more boys in a family increases the probability of women’s overwork. Empirical results confirmed the existence of son preferences in China. Compared with women who gave birth to boys, women who gave birth to girls have a lower probability of being a workaholic due to a future fertility plan. Furthermore, the overwork of women is also due to the great economic burden on families to buy a wedding house, brought on by the birth of boys. To overcome the endogenous problem caused by this omitted explanatory variable, this study uses each province’s relative sex ratio at birth in 2010 as the instrumental variable of the firstborn’s gender. The IV results illustrate that the birth of boys still significantly exacerbates women’s overwork. Furthermore, considering age heterogeneity, the influence of son preference on women’s overtime work exists throughout their labor life cycle. This paper provides a new perspective for understanding migrant women’s overtime work and their health issues in urban China. Full article
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11 pages, 2498 KiB  
Article
Association between the Development of Hospice and Palliative Care and Government-Funded Research Priority: Taiwan-Based Example
by Ming-Chieh Cho, Po-Chin Yang, Yueh-Hsin Wang, Hsiao-Ting Chang and Ming-Hwai Lin
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1125; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061125 - 16 Jun 2022
Viewed by 1567
Abstract
In recent years, hospice and palliative care (HPC) has grown, developed, and changed in response to the humanistic and social needs for supporting those with incurable illnesses. As a relatively new discipline, research is needed in HPC, and the priority setting of research [...] Read more.
In recent years, hospice and palliative care (HPC) has grown, developed, and changed in response to the humanistic and social needs for supporting those with incurable illnesses. As a relatively new discipline, research is needed in HPC, and the priority setting of research is essential to help direct finite resources to support research. To promote creative research in different fields including HPC, the Taiwan government subsidized institutions to conduct research. In this study, we obtained data from the Government Research Bulletin, an open-source online system containing complete information about government subsidized studies since 1993 to investigate the development of research priority in HPC in Taiwan. In total, 552 studies were recorded during 1993–2021, with a continued upward trend. An association was found between research priority and the promulgation of new HPC regulations. The type of diseases in research extended from cancer to all advanced chronic conditions. The increased diversity in out-of-hospital settings of palliative research was also observed. Numerous studies have focused on education, and the theme gradually shifted from “training and education for healthcare professionals” to “public education”. Here, the results may serve as a basis to understand the commonalities of research and enhance dialog in HPC research. Full article
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14 pages, 561 KiB  
Review
Virtual Reality in the Rehabilitation of Patients with Injuries and Diseases of Upper Extremities
by Pinar Tokgöz, Susanne Stampa, Dirk Wähnert, Thomas Vordemvenne and Christoph Dockweiler
Healthcare 2022, 10(6), 1124; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061124 - 16 Jun 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2906
Abstract
Upper-extremity injuries and diseases rarely have life-threatening consequences, but failure to manage them properly can result in severe dysfunction. This article presents the current state of using virtual reality to support the rehabilitation process of patients with injuries and diseases of the upper [...] Read more.
Upper-extremity injuries and diseases rarely have life-threatening consequences, but failure to manage them properly can result in severe dysfunction. This article presents the current state of using virtual reality to support the rehabilitation process of patients with injuries and diseases of the upper extremities and points out their effects on upper-extremity functions. A scoping review was conducted to provide a comprehensive overview of the field of virtual reality for upper-extremity rehabilitation. PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched by two independent researchers between April and May 2021 to identify relevant publications and were examined according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. As a result of the literature review, 11 studies of various target groups were identified. Virtual-reality technologies were categorized into multisensory high-end systems and game-based systems. With respect to functional recovery, technologies based on virtual reality were not inferior to traditional rehabilitation. In addition, the users were highly motivated and satisfied. The results emphasize the need for stronger evidence-based virtual-reality technologies for rehabilitation of injuries and diseases of upper extremities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assistive Technologies, Robotics, and Automated Machines in the Health Domain)
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