Genetic Variation and Genotype by Environment Interaction for Agronomic Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Genetic Materials
2.2. Experimental Site and Design
2.3. Experimental Details
2.4. Evaluation of Agronomic Traits
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.5.1. Analysis of Variance
2.5.2. Variability Estimates
Phenotypic and Genotypic Variance
Estimation of Heritability
Estimation of Genetic Advance
Association Analysis
Regression Analysis
Grouping or Clustering
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Genetic Variability among Genotypes
3.2. Heritability and Genetic Advance
3.3. Association of Traits among Genotypes
3.4. Genetic Diversity
3.5. Genotype × Location Interaction Analysis
3.6. Top Yielder at Locations
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Traits | X | LSD | CV% | σ2g | σ2p | σ2e | GCV | PCV | ECV | h2 | GA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barishal location | |||||||||||
AD | 88.03 | 4.40 | 2.37 | 4.10 ** | 8.44 | 4.34 | 2.30 | 3.30 | 24.69 | 0.65 | 11.37 |
SD | 89.12 | 4.78 | 2.60 | 3.47 * | 8.85 | 5.38 | 2.09 | 3.34 | 26.22 | 0.56 | 10.26 |
ASI | 1.20 | 1.34 | 52.07 | 0.00 ns | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.00 | 52.07 | 160.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
PH | 218.06 | 36.99 | 8.08 | 111.73 ns | 422.02 | 310.29 | 4.85 | 9.42 | 4.17 | 0.42 | 363.96 |
EH | 119.18 | 33.00 | 13.56 | 129.77 * | 390.86 | 261.09 | 9.56 | 16.59 | 4.13 | 0.50 | 401.39 |
KPE | 510.99 | 123.35 | 11.18 | 1288.16 ns | 4551.01 | 3262.85 | 7.02 | 13.20 | 1.26 | 0.44 | 4136.42 |
TKW | 352.83 | 74.45 | 10.33 | 578.54 * | 1907.60 | 1329.07 | 6.82 | 12.38 | 1.91 | 0.47 | 1828.90 |
GY | 10.75 | 2.61 | 11.87 | 0.90 * | 2.53 | 1.63 | 8.83 | 14.79 | 50.46 | 0.53 | 2.74 |
Ishwardi location | |||||||||||
AD | 97.40 | 1.64 | 0.82 | 11.25 ** | 11.89 | 0.64 | 3.44 | 3.54 | 6.75 | 0.97 | 23.82 |
SD | 98.51 | 1.69 | 0.83 | 9.47 ** | 10.13 | 0.67 | 3.12 | 3.23 | 8.05 | 0.97 | 20.16 |
ASI | 1.12 | 0.99 | 39.18 | 0.67 ** | 0.86 | 0.19 | 73.22 | 83.04 | 50.77 | 0.87 | 1.56 |
PH | 220.95 | 16.42 | 3.34 | 103.48 ** | 157.90 | 54.42 | 4.60 | 5.69 | 4.67 | 0.79 | 257.54 |
EH | 115.04 | 15.02 | 5.90 | 78.14 ** | 124.15 | 46.01 | 7.68 | 9.69 | 5.46 | 0.77 | 197.59 |
KPE | 465.02 | 50.52 | 5.12 | 2258.45 ** | 2826.25 | 567.79 | 10.22 | 11.43 | 0.84 | 0.89 | 5171.93 |
TKW | 326.60 | 23.13 | 3.47 | 1170.97 ** | 1299.27 | 128.30 | 10.48 | 11.04 | 0.87 | 0.95 | 2537.49 |
GY | 11.65 | 1.64 | 6.79 | 1.84 ** | 2.47 | 0.63 | 11.65 | 13.48 | 32.04 | 0.85 | 4.35 |
Jashore location | |||||||||||
AD | 92.33 | 1.38 | 0.72 | 4.13 ** | 4.57 | 0.44 | 2.20 | 2.32 | 14.58 | 0.95 | 8.94 |
SD | 93.55 | 1.90 | 0.92 | 4.41 ** | 5.16 | 0.75 | 2.24 | 2.43 | 16.78 | 0.92 | 9.79 |
ASI | 1.22 | 1.48 | 53.54 | 0.18 ns | 0.61 | 0.43 | 34.37 | 63.62 | 108.06 | 0.45 | 0.56 |
PH | 224.18 | 28.95 | 5.85 | 222.41 ** | 394.22 | 171.81 | 6.65 | 8.86 | 3.32 | 0.72 | 585.82 |
EH | 115.23 | 12.45 | 4.57 | 215.42 ** | 243.16 | 27.74 | 12.74 | 13.53 | 2.17 | 0.94 | 470.62 |
KPE | 497.40 | 81.36 | 8.01 | 1776.91 ** | 3363.96 | 1587.05 | 8.47 | 11.66 | 1.18 | 0.69 | 4790.46 |
TKW | 351.33 | 55.03 | 7.62 | 1758.71 ** | 2476.29 | 717.57 | 11.94 | 14.16 | 1.08 | 0.83 | 4236.82 |
GY | 10.51 | 2.05 | 9.16 | 0.60 * | 1.53 | 0.93 | 7.38 | 11.76 | 62.97 | 0.57 | 1.78 |
Traits | AD | SD | ASI | PH | EH | KPE | TKW | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SD | rg | 0.99 ** | ||||||
rp | 0.92 ** | |||||||
ASI | rg | - | - | |||||
rp | 0.06 | 0.02 | ||||||
PH | rg | 0.80 ** | 0.74 ** | - | ||||
rp | 0.43 ** | 0.39 * | 0.07 | |||||
EH | rg | 0.36 * | 0.27 | - | 0.99 ** | |||
rp | 0.32 * | 0.30 * | 0.17 | 0.70 ** | ||||
KPE | rg | 0.17 | 0.22 | - | 0.62 ** | 0.35 * | ||
rp | 0.23 | 0.27 | 0.21 | 0.29 | 0.18 | |||
TKW | rg | −0.33 * | −0.19 | - | 0.23 | 24 | −0.77 ** | |
rp | −0.19 | −0.11 | −0.04 | 0.13 | 0.15 | −0.31 * | ||
GY | rg | 0.43 ** | 0.40 * | - | 0.99 ** | 0.73 ** | 0.61 ** | 0.48 ** |
rp | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.26 | 0.51 ** | 0.42 ** | 0.28 | 0.41 * |
Traits | AD | SD | ASI | PH | EH | KPE | TKW | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SD | rg | 0.97 ** | ||||||
rp | 0.96 ** | |||||||
ASI | rg | −0.48 ** | −0.29 | |||||
rp | −0.44 ** | −0.18 | ||||||
PH | rg | 0.2 | 0.21 | −0.06 | ||||
rp | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.04 | |||||
EH | rg | 0.43 ** | 0.53 ** | 0.2 | 0.78 ** | |||
rp | 0.25 | 0.35 * | 0.24 | 0.75 ** | ||||
KPE | rg | 0.32 * | 0.37 * | 0.13 | 0.23 | 0.46 ** | ||
rp | 0.28 | 0.32 * | 0.04 | 0.26 | 0.34 * | |||
TKW | rg | −0.16 | −0.16 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.2 | −0.19 | |
rp | −0.15 | −0.16 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.14 | −0.17 | ||
GY | rg | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.36 * | 0.52 ** | 0.50 ** | 0.27 |
rp | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.33 * | 0.37 * | 0.62 | 0.28 |
Traits | AD | SD | ASI | PH | EH | KPE | TKW | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SD | rg | 0.99 ** | ||||||
rp | 0.95 ** | |||||||
ASI | rg | 0.04 | 0.24 | |||||
rp | −0.03 | 0.27 | ||||||
PH | rg | 0.54 ** | 0.57 ** | 0.30 * | ||||
rp | 0.42 ** | 0.41 * | 0.00 | |||||
EH | rg | 0.61 ** | 0.59 ** | 0.15 | 0.84 ** | |||
rp | 0.53 ** | 0.54 ** | 0.07 | 0.81 ** | ||||
KPE | rg | 0.69 ** | 0.71 ** | 0.27 | 0.63 ** | 0.58 ** | ||
rp | 0.56 ** | 0.55 ** | 0.05 | 0.42 ** | 0.43 ** | |||
TKW | rg | −0.32 * | −0.29 | 0.15 | 0.26 | 0.10 | −0.81 ** | |
rp | −0.27 | −0.25 | 0.04 | 0.12 | −0.01 | −0.54 ** | ||
GY | rg | 0.10 | 0.03 | −0.38 * | 0.85 ** | 0.78 ** | −0.05 | 0.54 ** |
rp | 0.08 | 0.00 | −0.26 | 0.49 ** | 0.42 ** | 0.20 | 0.44 ** |
Traits | AD | SD | ASI | PH | EH | KPE | TKW | Multiple Regression | Stepwise Regression | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barishal | b | 0.122 | 0.121 | 0.820 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 0.006 | 0.015 | ||
r2 | 0.056 | 0.053 | 0.070 | 0.256 | 0.170 | 0.070 | 0.167 | 0.42 | 0.45 | |
p-value | 0.116 | 0.120 | 0.082 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.060 | 0.005 | <0.000 | <0.000 | |
Ishwardi | b | 0.036 | 0.050 | 0.070 | 0.040 | 0.046 | 0.017 | 0.012 | ||
r2 | 0.006 | 0.011 | 0.001 | 0.106 | 0.133 | 0.380 | 0.070 | 0.47 | 0.51 | |
p-value | 0.587 | 0.486 | 0.774 | 0.029 | 0.010 | <0.000 | 0.060 | <0.000 | <0.000 | |
Jashore | b | 0.038 | 0.000 | −0.400 | 0.028 | 0.027 | 0.004 | 0.009 | ||
r2 | 0.006 | 0.000 | 0.060 | 0.236 | 0.176 | 0.038 | 0.193 | 0.57 | 0.59 | |
p-value | 0.608 | 0.990 | 0.080 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.190 | 0.002 | <0.000 | <0.000 |
Cluster | Number of Genotypes | Percentage (%) | Accession Number |
---|---|---|---|
I | 12 | 26.66 | G39, G16, G18, G35, G2, G47, G36, G13, G33, G3, G8, G9 |
II | 13 | 28.88 | G27, G29, G24, G23, G31, G21, G11,G25, G5, G6, G12, G15, G26 |
III | 4 | 8.88 | G19, G10, G13,G44 |
IV | 16 | 35.55 | G7,G37, G22, G33, G34, G4, G14, G30, G42, G45, G40, G1, G32, G20, G28, G41 |
Source of Variation | Degrees of Freedom | Sum Squares | Mean Squares | % Total SS |
---|---|---|---|---|
Location | 2 | 53.901 | 26.951 | 11.286 |
Genotype | 44 | 219.712 | 4.993 ** | 46.004 |
Genotype × Location | 88 | 203.979 | 2.318 ** | 42.709 |
Residuals | 132 | 139.081 | 1.0536 | - |
Gen | Bar | Ish | Jas | Mean | Pi | Gen | Bar | Ish | Jas | Mean | Pi |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G1 | 11.12 | 11.35 | 11.43 | 11.30 | 0.28 | G24 | 10.54 | 10.17 | 10.61 | 10.44 | −0.58 |
G2 | 10.82 | 12.53 | 11.00 | 11.45 | 0.43 | G25 | 10.20 | 11.88 | 9.57 | 10.55 | −0.48 |
G3 | 9.78 | 12.05 | 10.10 | 10.64 | −0.38 | G26 | 11.86 | 13.19 | 9.94 | 11.66 | 0.64 |
G4 | 10.38 | 11.54 | 8.53 | 10.15 | −0.87 | G27 | 12.18 | 13.62 * | 10.44 | 12.08 * | 1.06 |
G5 | 11.68 | 13.58 * | 11.53 | 12.26 * | 1.24 | G28 | 10.58 | 11.92 | 12.07 * | 11.52 | 0.50 |
G6 | 11.46 | 11.51 | 9.61 | 10.86 | −0.16 | G29 | 13.00 * | 11.84 | 12.89 * | 12.57 * | 1.55 |
G7 | 11.51 | 13.91 * | 9.90 | 11.77 | 0.75 | G30 | 13.19 * | 10.37 | 12.15 * | 11.90 | 0.88 |
G8 | 13.04 * | 12.51 | 11.39 | 12.31 * | 1.29 | G31 | 8.63 | 13.09 | 9.14 | 10.28 | −0.74 |
G9 | 12.13 | 12.91 | 10.88 | 11.97 | 0.95 | G32 | 11.57 | 11.31 | 10.73 | 11.20 | 0.18 |
G10 | 9.81 | 10.56 | 8.27 | 9.55 | −1.48 | G33 | 10.59 | 13.05 | 11.24 | 11.62 | 0.60 |
G11 | 9.79 | 11.53 | 10.32 | 10.55 | −0.48 | G34 | 9.22 | 11.32 | 10.18 | 10.24 | −0.78 |
G12 | 9.35 | 10.10 | 9.92 | 9.79 | −1.23 | G35 | 9.73 | 12.65 | 11.04 | 11.14 | 0.12 |
G13 | 10.83 | 13.86 * | 10.12 | 11.60 | 0.58 | G36 | 10.48 | 11.99 | 11.40 | 11.29 | 0.27 |
G14 | 9.80 | 11.38 | 10.88 | 10.68 | −0.34 | G37 | 9.70 | 14.51 * | 10.65 | 11.62 | 0.60 |
G15 | 11.21 | 11.62 | 11.39 | 11.41 | 0.39 | G38 | 8.78 | 12.52 | 10.97 | 10.75 | −0.27 |
G16 | 9.51 | 10.02 | 9.60 | 9.71 | −1.31 | G39 | 10.62 | 11.14 | 10.75 | 10.83 | −0.19 |
G17 | 10.62 | 10.63 | 11.22 | 10.82 | −0.20 | G40 | 9.53 | 11.39 | 11.19 | 10.70 | −0.32 |
G18 | 10.33 | 10.68 | 9.76 | 10.26 | −0.76 | G41 | 11.80 | 11.99 | 12.11 * | 11.97 | 0.95 |
G19 | 9.75 | 5.68 | 9.97 | 8.46 | −2.56 | G42 | 13.79 * | 12.35 | 11.97 * | 12.70 * | 1.68 |
G20 | 10.56 | 10.83 | 10.92 | 10.77 | −0.25 | G43 | 7.80 | 9.48 | 9.67 | 8.98 | −2.04 |
G21 | 11.83 | 10.57 | 11.05 | 11.15 | 0.13 | G44 | 9.12 | 10.83 | 10.13 | 10.03 | −0.99 |
G22 | 12.24 | 12.38 | 10.26 | 11.63 | 0.61 | G45 | 12.31 * | 10.32 | 11.79 | 11.47 | 0.45 |
G23 | 11.17 | 11.71 | 11.10 | 11.32 | 0.30 | ||||||
Mean | 10.75 | 11.65 | 10.66 | 11.02 | Mean | 10.75 | 11.65 | 10.66 | 11.02 | ||
Li | −0.27 | 0.63 | −0.36 | Li | −0.27 | 0.63 | −0.36 |
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Alam, M.A.; Rahman, M.; Ahmed, S.; Jahan, N.; Khan, M.A.-A.; Islam, M.R.; Alsuhaibani, A.M.; Gaber, A.; Hossain, A. Genetic Variation and Genotype by Environment Interaction for Agronomic Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids. Plants 2022, 11, 1522. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111522
Alam MA, Rahman M, Ahmed S, Jahan N, Khan MA-A, Islam MR, Alsuhaibani AM, Gaber A, Hossain A. Genetic Variation and Genotype by Environment Interaction for Agronomic Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids. Plants. 2022; 11(11):1522. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111522
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlam, Mohammad Ashraful, Marufur Rahman, Salahuddin Ahmed, Nasrin Jahan, Mohammad Al-Amin Khan, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam, Amnah Mohammed Alsuhaibani, Ahmed Gaber, and Akbar Hossain. 2022. "Genetic Variation and Genotype by Environment Interaction for Agronomic Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids" Plants 11, no. 11: 1522. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11111522