Phytochemical Study of Euphorbia turcomanica Boiss.
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. General Experimental Procedures
2.2. Plant Materials
2.3. Extraction Procedure
2.4. Isolation of Terpenoids
3. Results
3.1. Spectral Data of Compounds 1–9
- Loliolide (Compound 1)
- 2.
- Simiarenol: 3β-hydroxy-E:B-friedo-hop-5-ene (Compound 2)
- 3.
- Isomultiflorenol (Compound 3)
- 4.
- Cycloart-25-ene-3β,24-diol (Compound 4)
- 5.
- β-sitosterol: Stigmast-5-en-3β-ol (Compound 5)
- 6.
- Cycloart-23-ene-3β,25-diol (Compound 6)
- 7.
- 3α, 11α-dihydroxyurs-12-ene (Compound 7)
- 8.
- 3β, 24β, 25-trihydroxycycloartane (Compound 8)
- 9.
- 7α-hydroxystigmasterol (Compound 9)
3.2. Structure Identification of Compounds 1–9
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Vasas, A.; Hohmann, J. Euphorbia diterpenes: Isolation, structure, biological activity, and synthesis (2008–2012). Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 8579–8612. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Jassbi, A.R. Chemistry and biological activity of secondary metabolites in Euphorbia from Iran. Phytochemistry 2006, 67, 1977–1984. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pahlevani, A.H.; Liede-Schumann, S.; Akhani, H. Diversity, distribution, endemism and conservation status of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in SW Asia and adjacent countries. Plant Syst. Evol. 2020, 306, 80. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pahlevani, A.H.; Riina, R. A synopsis of Euphorbia subgen. Chamaesyce (Euphorbiaceae) in Iran. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 2011, 48, 304–316. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Masyita, A.; Sari, R.M.; Astuti, A.D.; Yasir, B.; Rumata, N.R.; Emran, T.B.; Nainu, F.; Simal-Gandara, J. Terpenes and terpenoids as main bioactive compounds of essential oils, their roles in human health and potential application as natural food preservatives. Food Chem. X 2022, 753, 100217. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shi, Q.-W.; Su, X.-H.; Kiyota, H. Chemical and pharmacological research of the plants in genus Euphorbia. Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 4295–4327. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kemboi, D.; Siwe-Noundou, X.; Krause, R.W.; Langat, M.K.; Tembu, V.J. Euphorbia Diterpenes: An Update of Isolation, Structure, Pharmacological Activities and Structure–Activity Relationship. Molecules 2021, 26, 5055. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mitu, S.A.; Stewart, P.; Tran, T.D.; Reddell, P.W.; Cummins, S.F.; Ogbourne, S.M. Identification of Gene Biomarkers for Tigilanol Tiglate Content in Fontainea picrosperma. Molecules 2022, 27, 3980. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kemboi, D.; Peter, X.; Langat, M.; Tembu, J. A review of the ethnomedicinal uses, biological activities, and triterpenoids of Euphorbia species. Molecules 2020, 25, 4019. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Saleem, H.; Ahmad, I.; Gill, M.S.A. Phytochemical screening and diuretic activity of Euphorbia granulata. Bangladesh J. Pharm. 2015, 10, 584–587. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dey, P.M.; Harborne, J.B. Plant biochemistry; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1997. [Google Scholar]
- Zare, H.; Noori, A.; Yusefzadi, M.; Banaee, M. Acute toxicity of Euphorbia turcomanica on Aphanius dispar. Int. J. Aquat. Biol. 2015, 3, 346–351. [Google Scholar]
- Zolfaghari, B.; Yazdiniapour, Z.; Ghanadian, M.; Lanzotti, V. Cyclomyrsinane and premyrsinane diterpenes from Euphorbia sogdiana Popov. Tetrahedron 2016, 72, 5394–5401. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sukor, S.; Zahari, Z.; Rahim, N.; Yusoff, J.; Salim, F. Chemical Constituents and Antiproliferative Activity of Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Sains Malays. 2022, 51, 873–882. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yuan, Z.; Zheng, X.; Zhao, Y.; Liu, Y.; Zhou, S.; Wei, C.; Hu, Y.; Shao, H. Phytotoxic compounds isolated from leaves of the invasive weed Xanthium spinosum. Molecules 2018, 23, 2840. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Le, D.K.; Hoang, M.H. Triterpenoids isolated from Helicteres hirsuta. J. Tech. Educ. 2020, 33, 12–16. [Google Scholar]
- Amin, E.; Moawad, A.; Hassan, H. Biologically-guided isolation of leishmanicidal secondary metabolites from Euphorbia peplus L. Saudi Pharm. J. 2017, 25, 236–240. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Carréu, J.P.M. Bioactive Terpenoids from Euphorbia Pubescens: Isolation and Derivatization. Master’s Thesis, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal, 2020. [Google Scholar]
- Ayatollahi, A.M.; Ghanadian, M.; Afsharypuor, S.; Mesaik, M.A.; Abdalla, O.M.; Shahlaei, M.; Farzandi, G.; Mostafavi, H. Cycloartanes from Euphorbia aellenii Rech. f. and their Antiproliferative Activity. Iran J. Pharm Res. 2011, 10, 105. [Google Scholar]
- Takahashi, S.; Satoh, H.; Hongo, Y.; Koshino, H. Structural Revision of Terpenoids with a (3 Z)-2-Methyl-3-penten-2-ol Moiety by the Synthesis of (23 E)-and (23 Z)-Cycloart-23-ene-3β, 25-diols. J. Org. Chem. Res. 2007, 72, 4578–4581. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rauter, A.P.; Filipe, M.M.; Prata, C.; Noronha, J.P.; Sampayo, M.A.; Justino, J.; Bermejo, J. A new dihydroxysterol from the marine phytoplankton Diacronema sp. Fitoterapia 2005, 76, 433–438. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ododo, M.M.; Choudhury, M.K.; Dekebo, A.H. Structure elucidation of β-sitosterol with antibacterial activity from the root bark of Malva parviflora. Springerplus 2016, 5, 1210. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ghannadian, M.; Akhavan, A.; Abdalla, O.; Ayatollahi, A.; Mohammadi-Kamalabadi, M.; Ghazanfari, H. Triterpenes from Euphorbia spinidens with immunomodulatory activity. Res. Pharm. Sci. 2013, 8, 205. [Google Scholar]
- Khan, M.T.H.; Khan, S.B.; Ather, A. Tyrosinase inhibitory cycloartane type triterpenoids from the methanol extract of the whole plant of Amberboa ramosa Jafri and their structure–activity relationship. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2006, 14, 938–943. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hajhashemi, V.; Ghanadian, M.; Palizaban, A.; Mahnam, K.; Eshaghi, H.; Gheisari, B.; Sadeghi-Aliabadi, H. Cycloarta-23-ene-3beta, 25-diol a pentacyclic steroid from Euphorbia spinidens, as COX inhibitor with molecular docking, and in vivo study of its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in male swiss mice and wistar rats. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2020, 150, 106473. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lima, M.; Braga, P.A.; Macedo, M.L.; Silva, M.; Ferreira, A.G.; Fernandes, J.B.; Vieira, P.C. Phytochemistry of Trattinnickia burserifolia, T. rhoifolia, and Dacryodes hopkinsii: Chemosystematic implications. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2004, 15, 385–394. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ajithabai, M.; Sreedevi, S.; Jayakumar, G.; Nair, M.S.; Nair, D.P.; SP, S.R. Phytochemical Analysis and Radical Scavenging Activity of the Extracts of Costus picatus Linn and Coccinia indica W and A, two Ethnic Medicinal Plants used in the Treatment of Diabetes mellitus. Free Radic. Antioxid. 2011, 1, 77–83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Johnsson, L.; Andersson, R.E.; Dutta, P.C. Side-chain autoxidation of stigmasterol and analysis of a mixture of phytosterol oxidation products by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. JAOCS J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 2003, 80, 777–783. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tasyriq, M.; Najmuldeen, I.A.; In, L.L.; Mohamad, K.; Awang, K.; Hasima, N. 7α-Hydroxy-β-sitosterol from Chisocheton tomentosus induces apoptosis via dysregulation of cellular Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cell cycle arrest by downregulating ERK1/2 activation. Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med. 2012, 2012, 765316. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Aliomrani, M.; Jafarian, A.; Zolfaghari, B. Phytochemical screening and cytotoxic evaluation of Euphorbia turcomanica on Hela and HT-29 tumor cell lines. Adv. Biomed. Res. 2017, 6, 68. [Google Scholar]
- Abdel-Monem, A.R.; Abdel-Sattar, E.; Harraz, F.M.; Petereit, F. Chemical Investigation of Euphorbia schimperi C. Presl. Rec. Nat. Prod. 2008, 2, 39–45. [Google Scholar]
- Li, P.; Feng, Z.X.; Ye, D.; Huan, W.; Da Gang, W.; Dong, L.X. Chemical constituents from the whole plant of Euphorbia altotibetic. Helv. Chim. Acta 2003, 86, 2525–2532. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Madureira, A.; Ascenso, J.; Valdeira, L.; Duarte, A.; Frade, J.; Freitas, G.; Ferreira, M. Evaluation of the antiviral and antimicrobial activities of triterpenes isolated from Euphorbia segetalis. Nat. Prod. Res. 2003, 17, 375–380. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kikuchi, T.; Akihisa, T.; Tokuda, H.; Ukiya, M.; Watanabe, K.; Nishino, H. Cancer chemopreventive effects of cycloartane-type and related triterpenoids in in vitro and in vivo models. J. Nat. Prod. 2007, 70, 918–922. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Badole, S.L.; Zanwar, A.A.; Khopade, A.N.; Bodhankar, S.L. In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity cycloart–23–ene–3β,-25–diol (B2) isolated from Pongamia pinnata (L. Pierre). Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med. 2011, 4, 910–916. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Badole, S.L.; Mahamuni, S.P.; Bagul, P.P.; Khose, R.D.; Joshi, A.C.; Ghule, A.E.; Bodhankar, S.L.; Raut, C.G.; Khedkar, V.M.; Coutinho, E.C. Cycloart-23-ene-3β, 25-diol stimulates GLP-1 (7–36) amide secretion in streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced diabetic Sprague Dawley rats: A mechanistic approach. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2013, 698, 470–479. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jassbi, A.R.; Zamanizadehnajari, S.; Tahara, S. Chemical constituents of Euphorbia marschalliana Boiss. Z Nat. C J. Biosci 2004, 59, 15–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Shamsabadipour, S.; Zarei, S.M.; Ghanadian, M.; Ayatollahi, S.A.; Rahimnejad, M.R.; Saeedi, H.; Aghaei, M. A new taraxastane triterpene from Euphorbia denticulata with cytotoxic activity against prostate cancer cells. Iran. J. Pharm. Res. 2018, 17, 336. [Google Scholar]
- Tanaka, R.; Matsunaga, S. Fernane and multiflorane triterpene ketols from Euphorbia supina. Phytochemistry 1991, 30, 4093–4097. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, J.; Chen, Y. Anticancer activity of isomultiflorenol against human cervical cancer cells due to G2/M cell cycle arrest, autophagy and mitochondrial mediated apoptosis. Trop. J. Pharm. Res. 2020, 19, 1423–1428. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hemmers, H.; Gülz, P.-G.; Marner, F.-J.; Wray, V. Pentacyclic triterpenoids in epicuticular waxes from Euphorbia lathyris L., Euphorbiaceae. Z. Für Nat. C 1989, 44, 193–201. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gülz, P.-G.; Bodden, J.; Müller, E.; Marner, F.-J. Epicuticular wax of Euphorbia aphylla brouss. ex. willd., Euphorbiaceae. Z. Für Nat. C 1988, 43, 19–23. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sultana, A.; Hossain, M.J.; Kuddus, M.R.; Rashid, M.A.; Zahan, M.S.; Mitra, S.; Roy, A.; Alam, S.; Sarker, M.M.R.; Naina Mohamed, I. Ethnobotanical Uses, Phytochemistry, toxicology, and pharmacological properties of Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. against infectious diseases: A comprehensive review. Molecules 2022, 27, 4374. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Akande, R.; Fouche, G.; Famuyide, I.; Makhubu, F.; Nkadimeng, S.; Aro, A.; Kayoka-Kabongo, P.; McGaw, L. Anthelmintic and antimycobacterial activity of fractions and compounds isolated from Cissampelos mucronata. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2022, 292, 115130. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Azemi, A.K.; Nordin, M.L.; Hambali, K.A.; Noralidin, N.A.; Mokhtar, S.S.; Rasool, A.H.G. Phytochemical Contents and Pharmacological Potential of Parkia speciosa Hassk. for Diabetic Vasculopathy: A Review. Antioxidants 2022, 11, 431. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Karim, S.; Akhter, M.H.; Burzangi, A.S.; Alkreathy, H.; Alharthy, B.; Kotta, S.; Md, S.; Rashid, M.A.; Afzal, O.; Altamimi, A.S. Phytosterol-Loaded Surface-Tailored Bioactive-Polymer Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment: Optimization, In Vitro Cell Viability, Antioxidant Activity, and Stability Studies. Gels 2022, 8, 219. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, K.N.; Hu, Y.; Han, L.L.; Zhao, S.S.; Song, C.; Sun, S.W.; Lv, H.Y.; Jiang, N.N.; Xv, L.Z.; Zhao, Z.W. Salvia chinensis Benth Inhibits Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression by Inducing the DNA Damage Pathway. Front. Oncol. 2022, 12, 882784. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Elhady, S.S.; Ibrahim, E.A.; Goda, M.S.; Nafie, M.S.; Samir, H.; Diri, R.M.; Alahdal, A.M.; Thomford, A.K.; El Gindy, A.; Hadad, G.M. GC-MS/MS Quantification of EGFR Inhibitors, β-Sitosterol, Betulinic Acid,(+) Eriodictyol,(+) Epipinoresinol, and Secoisolariciresinol, in Crude Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Thonningia sanguinea. Molecules 2022, 27, 4109. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Shen, C.-Y.; Lee, C.-F.; Chou, W.-T.; Hwang, J.-J.; Tyan, Y.-S.; Chuang, H.-Y. Liposomal β-Sitosterol Suppresses Metastasis of CT26/luc Colon Carcinoma via Inhibition of MMP-9 and Evoke of Immune System. Pharmaceutics 2022, 14, 1214. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vasanth, K.; Minakshi, G.C.; Velu, K.; Priya, T.; Kumar, R.M.; Kaliappan, I.; Dubey, G.P. Anti-adipogenic β-sitosterol and lupeol from Moringa oleifera suppress adipocyte differentiation through regulation of cell cycle progression. J. Food Biochem. 2022, 46, e14170. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Witkowska, A.M.; Waśkiewicz, A.; Zujko, M.E.; Cicha-Mikołajczyk, A.; Mirończuk-Chodakowska, I.; Drygas, W. Dietary plant sterols and phytosterol-enriched margarines and their relationship with cardiovascular disease among polish men and women: The WOBASZ II cross-sectional study. Nutrients 2022, 14, 2665. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- de Oliveira, L.S.; de Araújo, M.F.; Braz-Filho, R.; Vieira, I.J.C. Dois Novos Diterpenos do Tipo Labdano e outros Compostos de Conchocarpus cyrtanthus (Rutaceae). Rev. Virtual Quim. 2016, 8, 87–96. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Silva, J.; Alves, C.; Martins, A.; Susano, P.; Simões, M.; Guedes, M.; Rehfeldt, S.; Pinteus, S.; Gaspar, H.; Rodrigues, A. Loliolide, a new therapeutic option for neurological diseases? In vitro neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of a monoterpenoid lactone isolated from Codium tomentosum. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1888. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Radman, S.; Čižmek, L.; Babić, S.; Cikoš, A.M.; Čož-Rakovac, R.; Jokić, S.; Jerković, I. Bioprospecting of less-polar fractions of Ericaria crinita and Ericaria amentacea: Developmental Toxicity and antioxidant activity. Mar. Drugs 2022, 20, 57. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Duan, H.; Wang, G.C.; Khan, G.J.; Su, X.H.; Guo, S.L.; Niu, Y.M.; Cao, W.G.; Wang, W.T.; Zhai, K.F. Identification and characterization of potential antioxidant components in Isodon amethystoides (Benth.) Hara tea leaves by UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS. FCT 2021, 148, 111961. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chy, M.N.U.; Adnan, M.; Chowdhury, M.R.; Pagano, E.; Kamal, A.M.; Oh, K.K.; Cho, D.H.; Capasso, R. Central and peripheral pain intervention by Ophiorrhiza rugosa leaves: Potential underlying mechanisms and insight into the role of pain modulators. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2021, 276, 114182. [Google Scholar]
- Fernando, I.P.S.; Dias, M.K.H.M.; Madusanka, D.M.D.; Kim, H.-S.; Han, E.-J.; Kim, M.-J.; Seo, M.-J.; Ahn, G. Effects of (–)-Loliolide against Fine Dust Preconditioned Keratinocyte Media-Induced Dermal Fibroblast Inflammation. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 675. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, D.; Kim, K.H.; Jang, T.S.; Kang, K.S. Identification of bioactive compounds from mulberry enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Bioorganic Med. Chem. Lett. 2021, 43, 128096. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sinan, K.I.; Chiavaroli, A.; Orlando, G.; Bene, K.; Zengin, G.; Cziáky, Z.; Jekő, J.; Fawzi Mahomoodally, M.; Picot-Allain, M.C.N.; Menghini, L. Evaluation of pharmacological and phytochemical profiles of Piptadeniastrum africanum (Hook. f.) brenan stem bark extracts. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 516. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Jeyasri, R.; Muthuramalingam, P.; Suba, V.; Ramesh, M.; Chen, J.-T. Bacopa monnieri and their bioactive compounds inferred multi-target treatment strategy for neurological diseases: A cheminformatics and system pharmacology approach. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 536. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Swantara, M.D.; Rita, W.S.; Dira, M.A.; Agustina, K.K. Cervical anticancer activities of Annona squamosa Linn. leaf isolate. Vet. World 2022, 15, 124. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gangadhar, K.N.; Rodrigues, M.J.; Pereira, H.; Gaspar, H.; Malcata, F.X.; Barreira, L.; Varela, J. Anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) activities of monoterpene hydroxy lactones isolated from the marine microalga Tisochrysis lutea. Mar. Drugs 2020, 18, 567. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ahmed, S.A.; Rahman, A.A.; Elsayed, K.N.; Abd El-Mageed, H.; Mohamed, H.S.; Ahmed, S.A. Cytotoxic activity, molecular docking, pharmacokinetic properties and quantum mechanics calculations of the brown macroalga Cystoseira trinodis compounds. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn 2021, 39, 3855–3873. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hamed, A.N.; Abouelela, M.E.; El Zowalaty, A.E.; Badr, M.M.; Abdelkader, M.S. Chemical constituents from Carica papaya Linn. leaves as potential cytotoxic, EGFR wt and aromatase (CYP19A) inhibitors; a study supported by molecular docking. RSC Adv. 2022, 12, 9154–9162. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- El-Mekkawy, S.; Hassan, A.Z.; Abdelhafez, M.A.; Mahmoud, K.; Mahrous, K.F.; Meselhy, M.R.; Sendker, J.; Abdel-Sattar, E. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and gene expression changes induced by methanolic extract of Moringa stenopetala leaf with LC-qTOF-MS metabolic profile. Toxicon 2021, 203, 40–50. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Elasbali, A.M.; Al-Soud, W.A.; Al-Oanzi, Z.H.; Qanash, H.; Alharbi, B.; Binsaleh, N.K.; Alreshidi, M.; Patel, M.; Adnan, M. Cytotoxic Activity, Cell Cycle Inhibition, and Apoptosis-Inducing Potential of Athyrium hohenackerianum (Lady Fern) with Its Phytochemical Profiling. Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med. 2022, 2022. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stojakowska, A.; Galanty, A.; Malarz, J.; Michalik, M. Major terpenoids from Telekia speciosa flowers and their cytotoxic activity in vitro. Nat. Prod. Res. 2019, 33, 1804–1808. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tanaka, R.; Matsunaga, S. Loliolide and olean-12-en-3β, 9α, 11α-triol from Euphorbia supina. Phytochemistry 1989, 28, 1699–1702. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tao, Y.; Tian, Y.; Xu, W.; Guo, Q.; Shi, J. Terpenoids from Euphorbia micractina. Acta Pharm. Sin. 2016, 51, 411–419. [Google Scholar]
- Hlengwa, S.S. Isolation and Characterisation of Bioactive Compounds from Antidesma Venosum E. Mey. ex Tul. and Euphorbia cooperi NE Br. ex A. Berger. Master’s Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, 2018. [Google Scholar]
- Rozimamat, R.; Kehrimen, N.; Aisa, H.A. New compound from Euphorbia alatavica Boiss. Nat. Prod. Res. 2019, 33, 380–385. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Motinia, N.; Ghannadian, M.; Zolfaghari, B.; Yazdiniapour, Z. Phytochemical Study of Euphorbia turcomanica Boiss. Metabolites 2022, 12, 1200. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121200
Motinia N, Ghannadian M, Zolfaghari B, Yazdiniapour Z. Phytochemical Study of Euphorbia turcomanica Boiss. Metabolites. 2022; 12(12):1200. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121200
Chicago/Turabian StyleMotinia, Newsha, Mustafa Ghannadian, Behzad Zolfaghari, and Zeinab Yazdiniapour. 2022. "Phytochemical Study of Euphorbia turcomanica Boiss." Metabolites 12, no. 12: 1200. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12121200