Psychological Interventions in a Pandemic Emergency: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Studies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategy
2.2. Study Selection
2.3. Data Synthesis
3. Results
3.1. Methodological Quality
3.2. Data Extraction and Outcomes
3.3. General Overview of Included Studies
3.4. Outcomes
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study | Pandemic | Country | Study Design | Sample Size | Sample Type | Age Mean ± SD | Psychological Intervention Type | Number of Sessions Performed | Session Duration | Session Modality | Duration | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mellins et al. (2020) | SARS-CoV-2 | USA | VPS | 186 groups of 1–30 people (124 completed the survey) | Health care workers | ns | CBT ACT | 30 groups met once 22 groups met 2–4 times 9 groups met ≥5 times | 30 min. | online | 3 months | [18] |
Wei et al. (2020) | SARS-CoV-2 | China | CCS | 26 participants | Patients | 40.8 ± 13.5 | ICBT | 1/day | 50 min. | online | 2 weeks | [19] |
Wahlund et al. (2021) | SARS-CoV-2 | Sweden | RCT | 335 participants 335 controls | General population | 45.0 ± 13.0 47.0 ± 14.0 | CBT | 5 modules | ns | online | 3 weeks + 1 month follow-up | [20] |
Malboeuf-Hurtubise et al. (2021) | SARS-CoV-2 | Canada | RCT | 37 children | Students | 8.2 ± ns | P4C MBI | 1/week | 1 h | online | 5 weeks | [21] |
Shaygan et al. (2021) | SARS-CoV-2 | Iran | cRPC | 26 participants 22 controls | Patients | 36.8 ± 11.8 | OMPI | 1/day | 1 h | online | 2 weeks | [22] |
Al-Alawi et al. (2021) | SARS-CoV-2 | Oman | opRCT | 22 participants 24 controls | Patients | 28.5 ± 8.7 | CBT ACT | 1/week | 1 h | online | 6 weeks | [23] |
Perri et al. (2021) | SARS-CoV-2 | Italy | RCT | 38 participants | Patients | 48.3 ± 13.6 52.4 ± 10.6 | EMDR TF-CBT | 2/week | ns | online | 3 weeks + 1 month follow-up | [24] |
Liu et al. (2021) | SARS-CoV-2 | China | PM2aRCT | 126 participants 126 controls | Patients | 43.8 ± 14.3 41.5 ± 11.5 | cCBT + TAU TAU (control group) | 1/day | 10 min. | online | 1 week + 1 month follow-up | [25] |
Song et al. (2021) | SARS-CoV-2 | China | L2aCT | 83 participants 46 controls | Patients | 34.6 ± 9.1 | MiCBT | 1/week | 30 min. | online | 3 weeks | [26] |
Wasil et al. (2021) | SARS-CoV-2 | USA | RCT | 189 participants 24 controls | Students | 31.0 ± 8.9 | COMET (based on CBT + gratitude intervention) | Single session | 20–25 min. | online | ns | [27] |
Al-Refae et al. (2021) | SARS-CoV-2 | Canada | RCT | 78 participants 87 controls | Patients | 26.1 ± 8.4 24.5 ± 8.9 | MBI SERENE | At least 1/day | ns | online | 4 weeks | [28] |
Schlarb et al. (2021) | SARS-CoV-2 | Germany | Pilot study | 9 participants | Adults | 42.0 ± ns | iCBT-I | 1/week | 8.34 ± 2.32 | online | 7 weeks | [29] |
Study | Ref. | PTSD | Depression | Anxiety | Primary/Secondary Coping | Functional Impairment | Intolerance of Uncertainty | Insomnia | Attention Deficit | Resilience | Perceived Stress | Performed Measures |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mellins et al. (2020) | [18] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ↓ * | Survey Qualtrics |
Wei et al. (2020) | [19] | — | ↓ ** | ↓ ** | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 17-HAMD HAMA |
Wahlund et al. (2021) | [20] | — | ↓ ** | ↓ ** | — | ↓ ** | ↓ ** | ↓ ** | — | — | — | GAD-7 MADRS-S WSAS IUS-12 ISI |
Malboeuf-Hurtubise et al. (2021) | [21] | — | ↓ ** | ↓ ** | — | ↓ ** | — | — | ↓ ** | — | — | BASC III BPN |
Shaygan et al. (2021) | [22] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ↑ * | ↓ * | CD-RISC PSS CSQ-I |
Al-Alawi et al. (2021) | [23] | — | ↓ * | ↓ * | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | PHQ-9 GAD-7 |
Perri et al. (2021) | [24] | ↓ ** | ↓ ** | ↓ ** | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | PCL-5 STAI-Y1 BDI-II |
Liu et al. (2021) | [25] | — | ↓ * | ↓ * | — | — | — | ↓ * | — | — | — | 17-HAMD HAMA SDS SAS AIS |
Song et al. (2021) | [26] | — | ↓ * | ↓ * | — | — | — | ↓ * | — | — | — | PHQ-9 GAD-7 ISI CD-RISC VAS |
Wasil et al. (2021) | [27] | — | — | — | ↑ * | — | — | — | — | — | — | SCSC adapted 3-items |
Al-Refae et al. (2021) | [28] | — | ↓ * | ↓ * | ↑ * | — | — | — | — | — | ↓ * | DASS-21 SD-WISE PWBS |
Schlarb et al. (2021) | [29] | — | — | — | — | — | — | ↓ * | — | — | — | PSQI |
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D’Onofrio, G.; Trotta, N.; Severo, M.; Iuso, S.; Ciccone, F.; Prencipe, A.M.; Nabavi, S.M.; De Vincentis, G.; Petito, A. Psychological Interventions in a Pandemic Emergency: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Studies. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 3209. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113209
D’Onofrio G, Trotta N, Severo M, Iuso S, Ciccone F, Prencipe AM, Nabavi SM, De Vincentis G, Petito A. Psychological Interventions in a Pandemic Emergency: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Studies. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(11):3209. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113209
Chicago/Turabian StyleD’Onofrio, Grazia, Nicoletta Trotta, Melania Severo, Salvatore Iuso, Filomena Ciccone, Anna Maria Prencipe, Seyed Mohammad Nabavi, Gabriella De Vincentis, and Annamaria Petito. 2022. "Psychological Interventions in a Pandemic Emergency: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Studies" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 11: 3209. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113209