The Role of Noninvasive 13C-Octanoate Breath Test in Assessing the Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Patients
3.2. Univariate Analysis
3.3. Bivariate Analysis
3.4. Diagnostic Performance of the 13C Breath Test
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Steatosis | 0 | 43 | 53 | 50 | 0 |
Activity | 60 | 4 | 19 | 48 | 15 |
Fibrosis | 63 | 66 | 15 | 2 | 0 |
Variable | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Method | df | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | 82 | 64 | 21 | |||
Sex (M/F) | 42 M|40 F | 28 M|36 F | 8 M|13 F | Chi Square | 2 | 0.467 |
Age (years) | 51.09 (SD = 12.03) | 48.31 (SD = 12.49) | 48.67 (SD = 7.49) | ANOVA | 2 | 0.337 |
Blood glucose (mg/dL) | 116.2 (SD = 37.14) | 121.94 (SD = 47.51) | 119.48 (SD = 36.67) | KW | 2 | 0.504 |
Urea (mg/dL) | 34.73 (SD = 8.09) | 34.05 (SD = 12.67) | 39.05 (SD = 15.78) | KW | 2 | 0.181 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.79 (SD = 0.36) | 0.9 (SD = 0.19) | 0.86 (SD = 0.16) | KW | 2 | 0.737 |
Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 1.11 (SD = 0.32) | 0.65 (SD = 0.59) | 0.59 (SD = 0.62) | KW | 2 | <0.001 * |
Direct Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.34 (SD = 0.15) | 0.16 (SD = 0.16) | 0.13 (SD = 0.13) | KW | 2 | <0.001 * |
ALP (mg/dL) | 86.24 (SD = 20.28) | 75.27 (SD = 20.76) | 74.57 (SD = 21.29) | KW | 2 | 0.047 * |
GGT (U/L) | 169.39 (SD = 163.87) | 71.75 (SD = 63.24) | 60.1 (SD = 60.11) | KW | 2 | 0.004 * |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 188.13 (SD = 38.15) | 199.3 (SD = 36.16) | 202.86 (SD = 37.08) | KW | 2 | <0.001 * |
HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 39.73 (SD = 15.66) | 48.95 (SD = 19.67) | 48.05 (SD = 16.13) | KW | 2 | <0.001 * |
LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 126.53 (SD = 29.12) | 111.53 (SD = 23.71) | 119.51 (SD = 25.82) | KW | 2 | <0.001 * |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 113.05 (SD = 50.05) | 208.45 (SD = 76.73) | 199.52 (SD = 63.22) | KW | 2 | <0.001 * |
AST (U/L) | 115.49 (SD = 110.09) | 25.92 (SD = 7.65) | 26.62 (SD = 6.07) | KW | 2 | <0.001 * |
ALT (U/L) | 159.35 (SD = 157.67) | 44.42 (SD = 12.38) | 46.95 (SD = 14.45) | KW | 2 | <0.001 * |
PDR at 15 min (%/h) | 22.75 (SD = 3.78) | 15.45 (SD = 4.5) | 13.3 (SD = 3.02) | KW | 2 | 0.072 * |
PDR at 30 min (%/h) | 25.2 (SD = 4.09) | 20.14 (SD = 4.7) | 19.47 (SD = 3.97) | KW | 2 | <0.001 * |
PDR at 45 min (%/h) | 21.5 (SD = 2.36) | 18.35 (SD = 4.16) | 17.98 (SD = 4.68) | KW | 2 | <0.001 * |
PDR at 60 min (%/h) | 18.42 (SD = 2.7) | 14.91 (SD = 3.6) | 14.9 (SD = 3.23) | KW | 2 | <0.001 * |
PDR at 120 min (%/h) | 9.92 (SD = 1.52) | 8.68 (SD = 3.56) | 8.54 (SD = 2.6) | KW | 2 | 0.001 * |
cPDR at 15 min (%) | 2.52 (SD = 0.91) | 2.24 (SD = 0.68) | 2.46 (SD = 0.76) | KW | 2 | 0.212 |
cPDR at 30 min (%) | 8.1 (SD = 1.29) | 7.12 (SD = 1.44) | 7.45 (SD = 1.38) | KW | 2 | 0.031 * |
cPDR at 45 min (%) | 12.65 (SD = 2.56) | 11.63 (SD = 2.02) | 12.28 (SD = 1.84) | KW | 2 | <0.001 * |
cPDR at 60 min (%) | 18.86 (SD = 2.34) | 16.22 (SD = 2.5) | 16.23 (SD = 2.33) | KW | 2 | <0.001 * |
cPDR at 120 min (%) | 32.11 (SD = 3.62) | 25.11 (SD = 3.71) | 25.93 (SD = 4.06) | KW | 2 | <0.001 * |
Variable | p-Value (Group 1 vs. Group 2) | p-Value (Group 1 vs. Group 3) | p-Value (Group 2 vs. Group 3) | Method |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.968 | Dunn |
Direct Bilirubin (mg/dL) | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.722 | Dunn |
ALP (mg/dL) | <0.001 * | 0.050 | 0.900 | Dunn |
GGT (U/L) | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.900 | Dunn |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.520 | Dunn |
HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | <0.001 * | 0.120 | 0.900 | Dunn |
LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | <0.001 * | 0.547 | 0.460 | Dunn |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.830 | Dunn |
AST (U/L) | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.961 | Dunn |
ALT (U/L) | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.662 | Dunn |
PDR at 15 min (%/h) | <0.001 * | 0.008 * | 0.961 | Dunn |
PDR at 30 min (%/h) | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.810 | Dunn |
PDR at 45 min (%/h) | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.900 | Dunn |
PDR at 60 min (%/h) | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.900 | Dunn |
PDR at 120 min (%/h) | 0.010 * | 0.082 | 0.900 | Dunn |
cPDR at 15 min (%) | 0.090 | 0.900 | 0.521 | Dunn |
cPDR at 30 min (%) | <0.001 * | 0.125 | 0.600 | Dunn |
cPDR at 45 min (%) | 0.021 * | 0.782 | 0.500 | Dunn |
cPDR at 60 min (%) | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.900 | Dunn |
cPDR at 120 min (%) | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.664 | Dunn |
Steatosis (S) | Inflammatory Activity (A) | Fibrosis (F) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.17 |
Blood glucose | 0.03 | −0.05 | −0.03 |
Urea | −0.15 | 0.05 | 0.10 |
Creatinine | −0.09 | −0.14 | −0.06 |
Total Bilirubin | 0.20 | 0.56 | 0.41 |
Direct Bilirubin | 0.10 | 0.56 | 0.38 |
ALP | −0.07 | 0.22 | 0.15 |
GGT | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.18 |
Cholesterol | −0.12 | −0.16 | −0.17 |
HDL Cholesterol | −0.06 | −0.16 | −0.13 |
LDL Cholesterol | −0.04 | 0.15 | 0.11 |
Triglycerides | 0.02 | −0.58 | −0.43 |
AST | −0.06 | 0.64 | 0.40 |
ALT | −0.08 | 0.64 | 0.41 |
PDR at 15 min | 0.09 | 0.65 | 0.40 |
PDR at 30 min | −0.01 | 0.47 | 0.35 |
PDR at 45 min | 0.03 | 0.39 | 0.32 |
PDR at 60 min | 0.06 | 0.46 | 0.33 |
PDR at 120 min | 0.04 | 0.32 | 0.28 |
cPDR at 15 min | −0.09 | 0.13 | 0.06 |
cPDR at 30 min | −0.07 | 0.16 | 0.11 |
cPDR at 45 min | 0.00 | 0.39 | 0.27 |
cPDR at 60 min | −0.15 | 0.31 | 0.22 |
cPDR at 120 min | 0.08 | 0.69 | 0.46 |
Variable | AUROC | 95% CI Interval | Cutoff | Sensitivity | Specificity | PPV | NPV | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PDR at 15 min | 0.902 | 0.855 | 0.949 | 17.14 | 95% | 74% | 78% | 94% |
PDR at 30 min | 0.811 | 0.746 | 0.876 | 20.85 | 86% | 66% | 71% | 84% |
PDR at 45 min | 0.735 | 0.656 | 0.813 | 17.99 | 95% | 53% | 66% | 92% |
PDR at 60 min | 0.788 | 0.716 | 0.860 | 15.86 | 86% | 71% | 73% | 85% |
PDR at 120 min | 0.667 | 0.581 | 0.753 | 8.46 | 83% | 54% | 63% | 77% |
cPDR at 15 min | 0.563 | 0.475 | 0.652 | 3.31 | 21% | 98% | 89% | 56% |
cPDR at 30 min | 0.681 | 0.601 | 0.762 | 7.83 | 63% | 68% | 65% | 66% |
cPDR at 45 min | 0.592 | 0.505 | 0.679 | 13.69 | 36% | 82% | 66% | 57% |
cPDR at 60 min | 0.780 | 0.710 | 0.849 | 16.05 | 91% | 55% | 66% | 87% |
cPDR at 120 min | 0.899 | 0.853 | 0.945 | 29.02 | 81% | 86% | 85% | 83% |
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Fierbinteanu-Braticevici, C.; Calin-Necula, A.-M.; Enciu, V.-T.; Goran, L.; Pantea Stoian, A.; Ancuta, I.; Viasu, O.; Moldoveanu, A.C. The Role of Noninvasive 13C-Octanoate Breath Test in Assessing the Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 2935. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12122935
Fierbinteanu-Braticevici C, Calin-Necula A-M, Enciu V-T, Goran L, Pantea Stoian A, Ancuta I, Viasu O, Moldoveanu AC. The Role of Noninvasive 13C-Octanoate Breath Test in Assessing the Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Diagnostics. 2022; 12(12):2935. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12122935
Chicago/Turabian StyleFierbinteanu-Braticevici, Carmen, Ana-Maria Calin-Necula, Vlad-Teodor Enciu, Loredana Goran, Anca Pantea Stoian, Ioan Ancuta, Octav Viasu, and Alexandru Constantin Moldoveanu. 2022. "The Role of Noninvasive 13C-Octanoate Breath Test in Assessing the Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis" Diagnostics 12, no. 12: 2935. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12122935