Convolvulus arvensis: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Properties of Chemically Profiled Essential Oils: An Approach against Nosocomial Infections
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Extraction of Essential Oils
2.3. Phytochemical Analysis of EOCA
2.4. Antioxidant Potential
2.4.1. DPPH Test
2.4.2. FRAP Test
2.4.3. TAC Test
2.5. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Potentiality of EOCA
2.5.1. Antimicrobial Activity of EOCA by Disk Diffusion Method
2.5.2. Antimicrobial Activity of EOCA by Use of Microdilution Method
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Result and Discussion
3.1. Chemical Composition
3.2. Antioxidant Activity of EOCA
3.3. Antibacterial Activity
3.4. Antifungal Activity
4. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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P | Compound | Chemical Formula | CC | KI (Lit) | KI (cal) | A (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | O-Cymene | C10H14 | MO.H | 1026 | 1021 | 5.16 | |
2 | Terpinene | C10H16 | MO.H | 1059 | 1055 | 1.53 | |
3 | Thymol | C10H14O | MO.O | 1290 | 1289 | 20.10 | |
4 | Carvacrol | C10H14O | MO.O | 1299 | 1299 | 2.42 | |
5 | Himachalene | C15H24 | ST.H | 1451 | 1448 | 16.50 | |
6 | Longifolene | C15H24 | ST.H | 1407 | 1404 | 10.21 | |
7 | Funebrene | C15H24 | ST.H | 1414 | 1413 | 1.43 | |
8 | Cuprenene | C15H24 | ST.H | 1505 | 1500 | 34.72 | |
9 | Dehydro-ar-himachalene | C15H20 | ST.H | 1517 | 1518 | 2.01 | |
10 | Cadinene | C15H24 | ST.H | 1538 | 1535 | 1.20 | |
11 | Elemol acetate | C17H28O2 | O | 1680 | 1680 | 2.57 | |
12 | Himachalene oxide | C15H24O | ST.O | 1524 | 1522 | 1.12 | |
13 | Atlantone | C15H22O | ST.O | 1694 | 1691 | 1.01 | |
Monoterpenes hydrocarbons (MO.H) | 6.69 | ||||||
Monoterpenes oxygenated (MO.O) | 22.52 | ||||||
Sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons (ST.H) | 66.07 | ||||||
Sesquiterpenes oxygenated (ST.O) | 2.13 | ||||||
Others (O) | 2.57 | ||||||
Total | 99.98 |
Diameter of the Inhibition (mm) | Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (µg/mL) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Strain | EOCA | Kan | Oxa | EOCA | Kan | Oxa |
E. coli | 19.41 ± 0.51 b | 11.24 ± 0.65 a | 12.76 ± 0.68 a | 34.12 ± 1.04 b | 34.55 ± 1.28 a | 29.48 ± 1.19 a |
K. pneumoniae | 14.27 ± 0.42 a | 8.42 ± 0.15 a | 11.17 ± 0.44 a | 41.27 ± 2.9 d | 44.72 ± 1.25 b | 30.52 ± 1.13 a |
S. pneumoniae | 17.49 ± 0.81 b | 10.55 ± 0.84 a | 10.42 ± 0.66 a | 37.41 ± 3.7 c | 36.41 ± 1.54 a | 28.67 ± 1.55 a |
S. aureus | 21.35 ± 0.76 b | 14.22 ± 0.83 b | 9.37 ± 0.75 a | 28.62 ± 1.65 a | 32.45 ± 1.14 a | 29.39 ± 1.71 a |
Inhibition Diameter (mm) | Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (µg/mL) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Strains | EOCA | Flu | EOCA | Flu |
A. niger | 19.44 ± 1.10 a | 35.05 ± 2.04 b | 29.39 ± 0.87 b | 13.73 ± 0.48 a |
C. albicans | 22.37 ± 2.30 b | 31.18 ± 1.42 a | 19.38 ± 0.58 a | 16.84 ± 0.95 b |
A. flavus | 18.92 ± 1.64 a | 30.26 ± 1.73 a | 28.94 ± 1.75 b | 12.92 ± 0.85 a |
F. oxysporum | 20.41 ± 1.81 a | 32.52 ± 1.29 a | 18.65 ± 0.94 a | 13.93 ± 0.91 a |
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Salamatullah, A.M. Convolvulus arvensis: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Properties of Chemically Profiled Essential Oils: An Approach against Nosocomial Infections. Life 2022, 12, 2138. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12122138
Salamatullah AM. Convolvulus arvensis: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Properties of Chemically Profiled Essential Oils: An Approach against Nosocomial Infections. Life. 2022; 12(12):2138. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12122138
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalamatullah, Ahmad Mohammad. 2022. "Convolvulus arvensis: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Properties of Chemically Profiled Essential Oils: An Approach against Nosocomial Infections" Life 12, no. 12: 2138. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12122138