Effects of Taxifolin in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats with a Focus on Erythrocyte Quality
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Model
2.2. Angiotensin Peptide Concentration
2.3. Antioxidant Status and Oxidative Stress in Blood Plasma and Hemolyzed RBCs
2.4. RBC Deformability
2.5. RBC Nitric Oxide Production
2.6. RBC Free Radical Measurement
2.7. Na,K-ATPase Enzyme Kinetic Method
2.8. Determination of RBC Osmotic Resistance
2.9. In Vitro Study
2.10. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Basic Biometric Parameters
3.2. Angiotensin Peptide Concentration
3.3. Parameters of Antioxidant Status and Oxidative Stress in Blood Plasma and Hemolyzed RBCs
3.4. Erythrocyte Parameters MCV and RDW-SD
3.5. RBC Deformability, Osmotic Resistance, RBC Free Radical, and NO Production
3.6. Na,K-ATPase Enzyme Kinetics
3.7. Erythrocyte Morphology
3.8. RBC Deformability, Osmotic Resistance, RBC Free Radical, and NO Production after Incubation with TAX In Vitro
4. Discussion
4.1. Basic Biometric Parameters and Angiotensin Peptides Concentration
4.2. Markers of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Plasma and Hemolysates
4.3. Characteristics of Erythrocytes
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Experimental Groups | 2-Way ANOVA | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | T | M | MT | TAX | MLN | Inter. | |
Δ BP (mmHg) | 9.28 ± 15.25 | −7 ± 10.56 †† | 11.56 ± 18.66 | 11.94 ± 13.97 | x | xx | x |
Δ Body weight (g) | 17.7 ± 5.8 | 14.8 ± 8.7 | 24.9 ± 6.2 †† | 14.7 ± 6 **** | xxxx | x | x |
HW/Tibia (mg/mm) | 33.3 ± 3.6 | 33.1 ± 1.8 | 33.9 ± 2.1 | 32.1 ± 1.3 | |||
LW/Tibia (mg/mm) | 344 ± 31 | 325 ± 20 | 353 ± 30 | 330 ± 22 | x | ||
KW/Tibia (mg/mm) | 64.4 ± 2.7 | 62.9 ± 3.3 | 64.9 ± 3.9 | 63.5 ± 1.6 | |||
Hematocrit (%) | 50 ± 3.2 | 52 ± 2 | 51.3 ± 1.6 | 50.9 ± 0.5 |
Parameter | Experimental Groups | 2-Way ANOVA | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | T | M | MT | TAX | MLN | Inter. | |
Ang I (1-10) (pmol/L) | 94.5 ± 17 | 93.3 ± 32.2 | 106 ± 25 | 120 ± 26 | |||
Ang II (1-8) (pmol/L) | 161 ± 32 | 137 ±11 | 186 ± 35 | 192 ± 36 | xx | ||
Ang 1-7 (pmol/L) | 6.6 ± 2.59 | 5.5 ± 1.7 | 6.36 ± 2.34 | 6.8 ± 1.9 | |||
Ang 1-5 (pmol/L) | 20.3 ± 3.3 | 18.8 ± 4.7 | 20.9 ± 5.5 | 23.5 ± 3.1 | |||
PRA (pmol/L) | 255 ± 45 | 241 ± 61 | 292 ± 57 | 311 ± 57 | x | ||
ACE | 1.72 ± 0.25 | 1.65 ± 0.25 | 1.79 ± 0.25 | 1.62 ± 0.23 | |||
ALT | 0.096 ± 0.011 | 0.091 ± 0.008 | 0.084 ± 0.01 | 0.089 ± 0.008 |
Parameter | Experimental Groups | 2-Way ANOVA | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | T | M | MT | TAX | MLN | Inter. | |
GSH/GSSG | 7.05 (5.66; 12.4) | 7.13 (5.06; 12.2) | 23.9 (10.5; 35,5) †† | 8.77 (7.22; 10.8) ** | x | x | |
FRAP (μmol/L) | 520 ± 101 | 499 ± 73.5 | 465 ± 58.1 | 494 ± 77.9 | |||
TAC (μmol/L) | 1.83 ± 0.21 | 1.88 ± 0.27 | 1.71 ± 0.19 | 1.86 ± 0.17 | |||
AGEs (g/g protein) | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.069 ± 0.02 | 0.066 ± 0.01 | |||
FRUC (mmol/g protein) | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.05 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 0.087 ± 0.01 | x | ||
AOPP (μmol/g protein) | 13.15 ± 5.11 | 13.4 ± 6.52 | 13.1 ± 4.22 | 10.56 ± 2.55 | |||
TBARS (μmol/L) | 410 ± 129 | 489 ± 160 | 350 ± 83 | 505 ± 202 * | x |
Parameter | Experimental Groups | 2-Way ANOVA | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | T | M | MT | TAX. | MLN | Inter. | |
GSH/GSSG | 0.37 ± 0.222 | 0.10 ± 0.025 ††† | 0.22 ± 0.1 † | 0.21 ± 0.08 | xx | xx | |
FRAP (mmol/L) | 13.0 ± 1.94 | 14.5 ± 3.87 | 15.4 ± 2.26 | 12.7 ± 3.03 * | x |
Erythrocyte Shape | Experimental Groups | ||
---|---|---|---|
C | M | MT | |
Normal | 88.6% | 40.5% | 60% |
Echinocyte I | 11.4% | 51.8% | 35.5% |
Echinocyte II | 0% | 7.7% | 4.5% |
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Jasenovec, T.; Radosinska, D.; Kollarova, M.; Balis, P.; Zorad, S.; Vrbjar, N.; Bernatova, I.; Cacanyiova, S.; Tothova, L.; Radosinska, J. Effects of Taxifolin in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats with a Focus on Erythrocyte Quality. Life 2022, 12, 2045. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12122045
Jasenovec T, Radosinska D, Kollarova M, Balis P, Zorad S, Vrbjar N, Bernatova I, Cacanyiova S, Tothova L, Radosinska J. Effects of Taxifolin in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats with a Focus on Erythrocyte Quality. Life. 2022; 12(12):2045. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12122045
Chicago/Turabian StyleJasenovec, Tomas, Dominika Radosinska, Marta Kollarova, Peter Balis, Stefan Zorad, Norbert Vrbjar, Iveta Bernatova, Sona Cacanyiova, Lubomira Tothova, and Jana Radosinska. 2022. "Effects of Taxifolin in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats with a Focus on Erythrocyte Quality" Life 12, no. 12: 2045. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12122045