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Symmetry, Volume 8, Issue 5 (May 2016) – 9 articles

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3646 KiB  
Article
Optional Frame Selection Algorithm for Adaptive Symmetric Service of Augmented Reality Big Data on Smart Devices
by HwiRim Byun, Jong Hyuk Park and Young-Sik Jeong
Symmetry 2016, 8(5), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym8050037 - 23 May 2016
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4926
Abstract
Following recent technological advances in diverse mobile devices, including smartphones, tablets and smartwatches, in-depth studies aimed at improving the quality of augmented reality (AR) are currently ongoing. Smartphones feature the essential elements of AR implementation, such as a camera, a processor and a [...] Read more.
Following recent technological advances in diverse mobile devices, including smartphones, tablets and smartwatches, in-depth studies aimed at improving the quality of augmented reality (AR) are currently ongoing. Smartphones feature the essential elements of AR implementation, such as a camera, a processor and a display in a single device. As a result, additional hardware expansion for AR implementation has become unnecessary, popularizing AR technology at the user level. In the early stages, low-level AR technology was used mainly in limited fields, including simple road guides and marker-based recognition. Due to advances in AR technology, the range of usage has expanded as diverse technologies and purposes are combined. Users’ expectations of AR technology have also increased with this trend, and a high quality of service (QoS), with high-resolution, high-quality images, is now available. However, there are limitations in terms of processing speed and graphic treatment with smart devices, which, due to their small size, have inferior performance compared to the desktop environment when processing data for the implementation of high-resolution, high-quality images. This paper proposes an optional frame-selection algorithm (OFSA), which eliminates the unnecessary work involved with redundant frames during rendering for adaptive symmetric service of augmented reality big data on smart devices. Moreover, the memory read-write delay of the internally-operating OFSA, is minimized by adding an adaptive operation function. It is possible to provide adaptive common AR images at an improved frame rate in heterogeneous smart devices with different levels of performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Scientific Programming in Practical Symmetric Big Data)
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870 KiB  
Article
Higher Order Nonclassicality from Nonlinear Coherent States for Models with Quadratic Spectrum
by Anaelle Hertz, Sanjib Dey, Véronique Hussin and Hichem Eleuch
Symmetry 2016, 8(5), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym8050036 - 19 May 2016
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4508
Abstract
Harmonic oscillator coherent states are well known to be the analogue of classical states. On the other hand, nonlinear and generalised coherent states may possess nonclassical properties. In this article, we study the nonclassical behaviour of nonlinear coherent states for generalised classes of [...] Read more.
Harmonic oscillator coherent states are well known to be the analogue of classical states. On the other hand, nonlinear and generalised coherent states may possess nonclassical properties. In this article, we study the nonclassical behaviour of nonlinear coherent states for generalised classes of models corresponding to the generalised ladder operators. A comparative analysis among them indicates that the models with quadratic spectrum are more nonclassical than the others. Our central result is further underpinned by the comparison of the degree of nonclassicality of squeezed states of the corresponding models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Harmonic Oscillators In Modern Physics)
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3491 KiB  
Article
Symmetry-Based Conflict Detection and Resolution Method towards Web3D-based Collaborative Design
by Mingjiu Yu, Hongming Cai, Xiaoming Ma and Lihong Jiang
Symmetry 2016, 8(5), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym8050035 - 11 May 2016
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4287
Abstract
In the process of web3D-based collaborative design, it is necessary to completely prevent operation conflicts among designers due to distributed environments and complex 3D models. Therefore, conflict detection and conflict resolution are of great significance to attain an acceptable result. In order to [...] Read more.
In the process of web3D-based collaborative design, it is necessary to completely prevent operation conflicts among designers due to distributed environments and complex 3D models. Therefore, conflict detection and conflict resolution are of great significance to attain an acceptable result. In order to facilitate effective and smooth design work, a symmetry-based collaborative design framework is proposed using the X3D operation models. Combined considerations cover both models and operations, while different operation strategies are utilized for conflict resolution in web-based collaborative design. The strategy can achieve automatic operation, real-time conflict detection based on dynamically adjustable time, and conflict auto-detection and resolution with designers’ customization. A proof-of-concept system is developed for verification. The proposed resolution shows good performance, scalability and interactivity in a case study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Cooperative Applications)
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380 KiB  
Article
Ranking Features on Psychological Dynamics of Cooperative Team Work through Bayesian Networks
by Pilar Fuster-Parra, Alex García-Mas, Jaume Cantallops, F. Javier Ponseti and Yuhua Luo
Symmetry 2016, 8(5), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym8050034 - 09 May 2016
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5485
Abstract
The aim of this study is to rank some features that characterize the psychological dynamics of cooperative team work in order to determine priorities for interventions and formation: leading positive feedback, cooperative manager and collaborative manager features. From a dataset of 20 [...] Read more.
The aim of this study is to rank some features that characterize the psychological dynamics of cooperative team work in order to determine priorities for interventions and formation: leading positive feedback, cooperative manager and collaborative manager features. From a dataset of 20 cooperative sport teams (403 soccer players), the characteristics of the prototypical sports teams are studied using an average Bayesian network (BN) and two special types of BNs, the Bayesian classifiers: naive Bayes (NB) and tree augmented naive Bayes (TAN). BNs are selected as they are able to produce probability estimates rather than predictions. BN results show that the antecessors (the “top” features ranked) are the team members’ expectations and their attraction to the social aspects of the task. The main node is formed by the cooperative behaviors, the consequences ranked at the BN bottom (ratified by the TAN trees and the instantiations made), the roles assigned to the members and their survival inside the same team. These results should help managers to determine contents and priorities when they have to face team-building actions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Cooperative Applications)
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314 KiB  
Article
Multivariate Krawtchouk Polynomials and Composition Birth and Death Processes
by Robert Griffiths
Symmetry 2016, 8(5), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym8050033 - 09 May 2016
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3460
Abstract
This paper defines the multivariate Krawtchouk polynomials, orthogonal on the multinomial distribution, and summarizes their properties as a review. The multivariate Krawtchouk polynomials are symmetric functions of orthogonal sets of functions defined on each of N multinomial trials. The dual multivariate Krawtchouk polynomials, [...] Read more.
This paper defines the multivariate Krawtchouk polynomials, orthogonal on the multinomial distribution, and summarizes their properties as a review. The multivariate Krawtchouk polynomials are symmetric functions of orthogonal sets of functions defined on each of N multinomial trials. The dual multivariate Krawtchouk polynomials, which also have a polynomial structure, are seen to occur naturally as spectral orthogonal polynomials in a Karlin and McGregor spectral representation of transition functions in a composition birth and death process. In this Markov composition process in continuous time, there are N independent and identically distributed birth and death processes each with support 0 , 1 , . The state space in the composition process is the number of processes in the different states 0 , 1 , . Dealing with the spectral representation requires new extensions of the multivariate Krawtchouk polynomials to orthogonal polynomials on a multinomial distribution with a countable infinity of states. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Orthogonal Polynomials)
6610 KiB  
Article
The Smallest Valid Extension-Based Efficient, Rare Graph Pattern Mining, Considering Length-Decreasing Support Constraints and Symmetry Characteristics of Graphs
by Unil Yun, Gangin Lee and Chul-Hong Kim
Symmetry 2016, 8(5), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym8050032 - 06 May 2016
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5897
Abstract
Frequent graph mining has been proposed to find interesting patterns (i.e., frequent sub-graphs) from databases composed of graph transaction data, which can effectively express complex and large data in the real world. In addition, various applications for graph mining have been [...] Read more.
Frequent graph mining has been proposed to find interesting patterns (i.e., frequent sub-graphs) from databases composed of graph transaction data, which can effectively express complex and large data in the real world. In addition, various applications for graph mining have been suggested. Traditional graph pattern mining methods use a single minimum support threshold factor in order to check whether or not mined patterns are interesting. However, it is not a sufficient factor that can consider valuable characteristics of graphs such as graph sizes and features of graph elements. That is, previous methods cannot consider such important characteristics in their mining operations since they only use a fixed minimum support threshold in the mining process. For this reason, in this paper, we propose a novel graph mining algorithm that can consider various multiple, minimum support constraints according to the types of graph elements and changeable minimum support conditions, depending on lengths of graph patterns. In addition, the proposed algorithm performs in mining operations more efficiently because it can minimize duplicated operations and computational overheads by considering symmetry features of graphs. Experimental results provided in this paper demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms previous mining approaches in terms of pattern generation, runtime and memory usage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Complex Networks II)
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317 KiB  
Article
On Consistent Nonparametric Statistical Tests of Symmetry Hypotheses
by Jean-François Quessy
Symmetry 2016, 8(5), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym8050031 - 06 May 2016
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4707
Abstract
Being able to formally test for symmetry hypotheses is an important topic in many fields, including environmental and physical sciences. In this paper, one concentrates on a large family of nonparametric tests of symmetry based on Cramér–von Mises statistics computed from empirical distribution [...] Read more.
Being able to formally test for symmetry hypotheses is an important topic in many fields, including environmental and physical sciences. In this paper, one concentrates on a large family of nonparametric tests of symmetry based on Cramér–von Mises statistics computed from empirical distribution and characteristic functions. These tests possess the highly desirable property of being universally consistent in the sense that they detect any kind of departure from symmetry as the sample size becomes large. The asymptotic behaviour of these test statistics under symmetry is deduced from the theory of first-order degenerate V-statistics. The issue of computing valid p-values is tackled using the multiplier bootstrap method suitably adapted to V-statistics, yielding elegant, easy-to-compute and quick procedures for testing symmetry. A special focus is put on tests of univariate symmetry, bivariate exchangeability and reflected symmetry; a simulation study indicates the good sampling properties of these tests. Finally, a framework for testing general symmetry hypotheses is introduced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry and Symmetry Breaking in Statistical Systems)
364 KiB  
Essay
Old Game, New Rules: Rethinking the Form of Physics
by Christian Baumgarten
Symmetry 2016, 8(5), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym8050030 - 06 May 2016
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4356
Abstract
We investigate the modeling capabilities of sets of coupled classical harmonic oscillators (CHO) in the form of a modeling game. The application of the simple but restrictive rules of the game lead to conditions for an isomorphism between Lie-algebras and real Clifford algebras. [...] Read more.
We investigate the modeling capabilities of sets of coupled classical harmonic oscillators (CHO) in the form of a modeling game. The application of the simple but restrictive rules of the game lead to conditions for an isomorphism between Lie-algebras and real Clifford algebras. We show that the correlations between two coupled classical oscillators find their natural description in the Dirac algebra and allow to model aspects of special relativity, inertial motion, electromagnetism and quantum phenomena including spin in one go. The algebraic properties of Hamiltonian motion of low-dimensional systems can generally be related to certain types of interactions and hence to the dimensionality of emergent space-times. We describe the intrinsic connection between phase space volumes of a 2-dimensional oscillator and the Dirac algebra. In this version of a phase space interpretation of quantum mechanics the (components of the) spinor wavefunction in momentum space are abstract canonical coordinates, and the integrals over the squared wave function represents second moments in phase space. The wave function in ordinary space-time can be obtained via Fourier transformation. Within this modeling game, 3+1-dimensional space-time is interpreted as a structural property of electromagnetic interaction. A generalization selects a series of Clifford algebras of specific dimensions with similar properties, specifically also 10- and 26-dimensional real Clifford algebras. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Harmonic Oscillators In Modern Physics)
1134 KiB  
Review
The Reality of Casimir Friction
by Kimball A. Milton, Johan S. Høye and Iver Brevik
Symmetry 2016, 8(5), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym8050029 - 28 Apr 2016
Cited by 42 | Viewed by 4759
Abstract
For more than 35 years theorists have studied quantum or Casimir friction, which occurs when two smooth bodies move transversely to each other, experiencing a frictional dissipative force due to quantum electromagnetic fluctuations, which break time-reversal symmetry. These forces are typically very small, [...] Read more.
For more than 35 years theorists have studied quantum or Casimir friction, which occurs when two smooth bodies move transversely to each other, experiencing a frictional dissipative force due to quantum electromagnetic fluctuations, which break time-reversal symmetry. These forces are typically very small, unless the bodies are nearly touching, and consequently such effects have never been observed, although lateral Casimir forces have been seen for corrugated surfaces. Partly because of the lack of contact with observations, theoretical predictions for the frictional force between parallel plates, or between a polarizable atom and a metallic plate, have varied widely. Here, we review the history of these calculations, show that theoretical consensus is emerging, and offer some hope that it might be possible to experimentally confirm this phenomenon of dissipative quantum electrodynamics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry: Feature Papers 2016)
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