Role of Basal ABA in Plant Growth and Development
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Everything in Moderation: ABA Deficiency and over-Accumulation
1.2. Perception Is Key: ABA Insensitivity and Hypersensitivity
2. Role of ABA in Plant Growth
2.1. Halt! Who Grows There? Growth Inhibition by Basal ABA
2.2. Debunking a Myth: Growth Promotion by ABA
3. Role of ABA in Plant Development
3.1. Breath-Taking: ABA Inhibition of Stomatal Development
3.2. You Shall Not Pass! The Role of ABA in Cutin and Waxes Deposition
3.3. Xylem Differentiation: ABA and Auxin Act in Concert
3.4. A Corky Story: Antagonistic Role of ABA and Ethylene in Suberin Deposition
4. Conclusions and Future Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Mutant | Gene Function | Growth | Development | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phenotypes | Ref. | Phenotypes | Ref. | |||
A. thaliana | aba1 | ZEP | • Reduced fresh weight • Stunted root growth • Short hypocotyls after dark germination • Decreased photosystem activity • Increased number of chloroplasts • Enhanced hyponastic response • Disturbed root meristem maintenance | [8,10,59,60,61,62] | • Increased stomatal index or density | [63,64] |
A. thaliana | nced3 nced5 | NCED | • Reduced rosette diameter | [65] | • Increased stomatal density • Failed to decrease stomatal density in elevated CO2 | [66] |
A. thaliana | aba2 | xanthin dehydrogenase | • Stunted growth • Glucose insensitivity • Enhanced hyponastic response • Enhanced ethylene evolution rate • Enhanced leaf emergence on plates •Disturbed root meristem maintenance | [59,61,67,68,69,70] | • Increased stomatal index and density • Increased permeability of cuticle and ROS production • Thinner cell walls • Decreased lignin and crystalline cellulose content • Decreased suberin formation • Discontinued metaxylem strands | [71,72,73,74,75,76] |
A. thaliana | aba3 | Moco sulfurylase | • Reduced fresh weight • Enhanced hyponastic response • Disturbed root meristem maintenance | [59,61,77] | • Increased stomatal index or density • Failed to decrease stomatal density in elevated CO2 • Discontinued metaxylem strands • Increased permeability of cuticle and ROS production | [66,71,73,78] |
A. thaliana | aao3 | Abscise aldehyde oxidase | • Stunted growth | [79] | ||
A. thaliana | pyr1 pyl1 pyl2 pyl4; pyl112458; pyl duodecuple | PYR/PYL/RCAR | • Reduced plant height • Reduced rosette diameter • Reduced fresh weight • Stunted root growth | [35,37] | • Fail to decrease stomatal density in elevated CO2 • Increased cuticle permeability • Fail to induce ectopic protoxylem in presence of ABA | [66,73,74,78] |
A. thaliana | hab1 abi1-2 abi2-2; hab1 abi1-2 pp2ca (triple pp2c) | PP2C | • Reduced fresh weight • Reduced leaf surface area • Stunted root growth | [80] | ||
A. thaliana | snrk2.2/2.3/2.6 (snrk2 triple) | SnRK2 | • Reduced fresh weight • Reduced stem height • Reduced leaf surface area • Stunted root growth • Enhanced leaf emergence on plates | [32,33,67] | • Increased cuticle permeability • Thinner cell walls • Decreased lignin and crystalline cellulose content | [78,81] |
A. thaliana | abi1-1 | PP2C | • Enhanced hyponastic response •Disturbed root meristem maintenance | [59,61] | • Increased stomatal index • Increased cuticle permeability • Fail to induce ectopic protoxylem in presence of ABA | [72,73,74,78] |
A. thaliana | abi2-1 | PP2C | •Disturbed root meristem maintenance | [61] | • Increased stomatal index | [72] |
A. thaliana | abi3 | ABI3 | • Enhanced hyponastic response •Disturbed root meristem maintenance | [59,61] | • Decreased suberin formation | [76] |
A. thaliana | abi4 | ABI4 | • Glucose insensitivity • Enhanced lateral root formation and growth | [70,82] | • Decreased suberin formation | [76] |
A. thaliana | abi5 | ABI5 | •Disturbed root meristem maintenance | [61] | • Decreased suberin formation | [76] |
A. thaliana | cyp707a1 cyp707a3 | CYP707A | • Decreased stomatal index and density | [72] | ||
A. thaliana | atbg1 atbg2 | AtBG | • Increased stomatal density | [83] | ||
S. lycopersicum | hp3 | ZEP | • Increased number of chloroplasts | [10] | ||
S. lycopersicum | notabilis | NCED | • Reduced leaf surface area • Reduced dry leaf weight • Short hypocotyls after dark germination | [84,85,86,87,88] | • Increased stomatal index and density • Altered composition of cutin and cutilcilar waxes • Decreased level of cutin | [89,90,91] |
S. lycopersicum | flacca | Moco sulfurylase | • Reduced leaf surface area • Reduced dry leaf weight • Reduced fruit size • Reduced assimilation rate • Increased number of chloroplasts • Enhanced ethylene evolution rate | [10,84,85,86,88,92,93] | • Increased stomatal index and density • Altered composition of cutin and cutilcilar waxes • Decreased level of cutin | [89,90,91] |
S. lycopersicum | sitiens | abscisic aldehyde oxidase | • Stunted growth • Stunted hypocotyls after dark germination • Enhanced lateral root formation • Enhanced assimilation rate • Increased number of chloroplasts | [10,84,87,88,92,93,94,95] | • Inceased stomatal index and density • Altered composition of cutin and cutilcilar waxes • Decreased level of cutin | [88,96,97] |
P. sativum | wilty | xanthin dehydrogenase | • Enhanced lateral root formation | [94] | ||
Z. mays | vp5 | PDS | • Stunted root growth • Enhanced ethylene evolution rate | [98] | ||
O. sativa | oszep | ZEP | • Enhanced shoot growth after submergence | [99] | ||
O. sativa | osaba2 | xanthin dehydrogenase | • Enhanced stem height • Overaccumulation of ROS | [13] | ||
O. sativa | ospyl1/4/6 | PYR/PYL/RCAR | • Enhanced panicle length • Enhanced fresh weight | [36] | ||
H. vulgare | Az34 | Moco biosynthesis | • Decreased net assimilation rates | [22,93] |
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Brookbank, B.P.; Patel, J.; Gazzarrini, S.; Nambara, E. Role of Basal ABA in Plant Growth and Development. Genes 2021, 12, 1936. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12121936
Brookbank BP, Patel J, Gazzarrini S, Nambara E. Role of Basal ABA in Plant Growth and Development. Genes. 2021; 12(12):1936. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12121936
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrookbank, Benjamin P., Jasmin Patel, Sonia Gazzarrini, and Eiji Nambara. 2021. "Role of Basal ABA in Plant Growth and Development" Genes 12, no. 12: 1936. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12121936