Deactivation and Regeneration of Palladium Catalysts for Hydrogenation Debenzylation of 2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexabenzyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexaazaisowurtzitane (HBIW)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Catalyst Preparation and Reaction Process
3.2. Reaction Treatment and Yield Calculation
3.3. Recovering Methods
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Order Number | Regeneration Treatment Method | TADBIW Yield/% |
---|---|---|
1 | 10 wt.% NaOH alkaline solution | 0 |
2 | DMF solution (150 °C) | 0 |
3 | DMF solution (180 °C) | 0 |
4 | DMF solution (200 °C) | 0 |
5 | N2Atmospbaking treatment (250 °C) | 0 |
6 | N2Atmospbaking treatment (300 °C) | 0 |
7 | N2Atmospbaking treatment (350 °C) | 0 |
8 | Chloroform and glacial acetic acid mixture treatment | 76.29 |
9 | Chloroform and glacial acetic acid mixture treatment | 77.84 |
Catalyst Amount (x wt% of HBIW) | H2 Consumption/MPa | Yield/% | Product Melting Point/°C |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.035 | 0 | - |
2 | 0.215 | 0 | - |
5 | 0.290 | 78.01 | 317~321 |
10 | 0.300 | 79.71 | 318~322 |
15 | 0.300 | 79.72 | 316~323 |
Sample | Theoretical Pd Content/mg | Pd Leaching Volume/mg | Pd Extraction Ratio/% |
---|---|---|---|
5 wt.% Pd/C | 25 | 0.1741 | 0.70 |
5 wt.% Pd(OH)2/C | 25 | 0.1865 | 0.75 |
Sample | Specific Area (m2/g) | Pore Volume (cm3/g) | Pore Size (nm) |
---|---|---|---|
Fresh 5 wt.% Pd/C | 1493.7410 | 0.92 | 2.45 |
Spent 5 wt.% Pd/C | 356.3837 | 0.29 | 3.31 |
Regenerated 5 wt.% Pd/C | 1135.7178 | 0.72 | 2.44 |
Fresh 5 wt.% Pd(OH)2/C | 1131.61 | 0.78 | 2.77 |
spent 5 wt.% Pd(OH)2/C | 537.36 | 0.50 | 3.72 |
Regenerated 5 wt.% Pd(OH)2/C | 706.9372 | 0.61 | 3.43 |
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Zhang, Q.; Wang, M.; Qian, J.; Lou, S.; Jin, J.; Li, B.; Lu, C.; Feng, F.; Lv, J.; Wang, Q.; et al. Deactivation and Regeneration of Palladium Catalysts for Hydrogenation Debenzylation of 2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexabenzyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexaazaisowurtzitane (HBIW). Catalysts 2022, 12, 1547. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12121547
Zhang Q, Wang M, Qian J, Lou S, Jin J, Li B, Lu C, Feng F, Lv J, Wang Q, et al. Deactivation and Regeneration of Palladium Catalysts for Hydrogenation Debenzylation of 2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexabenzyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexaazaisowurtzitane (HBIW). Catalysts. 2022; 12(12):1547. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12121547
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Qunfeng, Mei Wang, Jiacheng Qian, Shuyuan Lou, Jianhong Jin, Bingcheng Li, Chunshan Lu, Feng Feng, Jinghui Lv, Qingtao Wang, and et al. 2022. "Deactivation and Regeneration of Palladium Catalysts for Hydrogenation Debenzylation of 2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexabenzyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexaazaisowurtzitane (HBIW)" Catalysts 12, no. 12: 1547. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12121547