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Micromachines, Volume 3, Issue 3 (September 2012) – 4 articles , Pages 542-603

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615 KiB  
Article
Nonlinear Modeling for Distortion Analysis in Silicon Bulk-Mode Ring Resonators
by Abolfazl Bijari, Sayyed-Hossein Keshmiri and Farshad Babazadeh
Micromachines 2012, 3(3), 582-603; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi3030582 - 22 Aug 2012
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 7392
Abstract
A distributed modeling approach has been developed to describe the dynamic behavior of ring resonators. The model includes the effect of large amplitudes around primary resonance frequencies, material and electrostatic nonlinearities. Through a combination of geometric and material nonlinearities, closed-form expression for third-order [...] Read more.
A distributed modeling approach has been developed to describe the dynamic behavior of ring resonators. The model includes the effect of large amplitudes around primary resonance frequencies, material and electrostatic nonlinearities. Through a combination of geometric and material nonlinearities, closed-form expression for third-order nonlinearity in mechanical stiffness of bulk-mode ring resonators is obtained. Moreover, to avoid dynamic pull-in instability, the choices of the quality factor, ac-drive and DC-bias voltages of the ring resonators, with a given geometry are limited by a resonant pull-in condition. Using the perturbation technique and the method of harmonic balance, the expressions for describing the effect of nonlinearities on the resonance frequency and displacement are derived. The results are discussed in detail, showing the effect of varying operating conditions and the quality factor on the harmonic distortions and third-order intermodulation distortion. The detailed nonlinear modeling and distortion analysis are applied as appropriate tools to design bulk-mode ring resonators with low motional resistance and high linearity. Full article
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1716 KiB  
Communication
Very High Throughput Electrical Cell Lysis and Extraction of Intracellular Compounds Using 3D Carbon Electrodes in Lab-on-a-Chip Devices
by Guillaume Mernier, Rodrigo Martinez-Duarte, Rajwinder Lehal, Freddy Radtke and Philippe Renaud
Micromachines 2012, 3(3), 574-581; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi3030574 - 16 Aug 2012
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 7767
Abstract
Here we present an electrical lysis throughput of 600 microliters per minute at high cell density (108 yeast cells per ml) with 90% efficiency, thus improving the current common throughput of one microliter per minute. We also demonstrate the extraction of intracellular [...] Read more.
Here we present an electrical lysis throughput of 600 microliters per minute at high cell density (108 yeast cells per ml) with 90% efficiency, thus improving the current common throughput of one microliter per minute. We also demonstrate the extraction of intracellular luciferase from mammalian cells with efficiency comparable to off-chip bulk chemical lysis. The goal of this work is to develop a sample preparation module that can act as a stand-alone device or be integrated to other functions already demonstrated in miniaturized devices, including sorting and analysis, towards a true lab-on-a-chip. Full article
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683 KiB  
Review
Micromachined Thermal Flow Sensors—A Review
by Jonathan T. W. Kuo, Lawrence Yu and Ellis Meng
Micromachines 2012, 3(3), 550-573; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi3030550 - 23 Jul 2012
Cited by 388 | Viewed by 23224
Abstract
Microfabrication has greatly matured and proliferated in use amongst many disciplines. There has been great interest in micromachined flow sensors due to the benefits of miniaturization: low cost, small device footprint, low power consumption, greater sensitivity, integration with on-chip circuitry, etc. This paper [...] Read more.
Microfabrication has greatly matured and proliferated in use amongst many disciplines. There has been great interest in micromachined flow sensors due to the benefits of miniaturization: low cost, small device footprint, low power consumption, greater sensitivity, integration with on-chip circuitry, etc. This paper reviews the theory of thermal flow sensing and the different configurations and operation modes available. Material properties relevant to micromachined thermal flow sensing and selection criteria are also presented. Finally, recent applications of micromachined thermal flow sensors are presented. Detailed tables of the reviewed devices are included. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro Flow Controllers)
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1963 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Kink Actuators as Compared to Traditional Chevron Shaped Bent-Beam Electrothermal Actuators
by Ehab Rawashdeh, Ayman Karam and Ian G. Foulds
Micromachines 2012, 3(3), 542-549; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi3030542 - 06 Jul 2012
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 8903
Abstract
This paper compares the design and performance of kink actuators, a modified version of the bent-beam thermal actuator, to the standard chevron-shaped designs. A variety of kink and chevron actuator designs were fabricated from polysilicon. While the actuators were electrically probed, these designs [...] Read more.
This paper compares the design and performance of kink actuators, a modified version of the bent-beam thermal actuator, to the standard chevron-shaped designs. A variety of kink and chevron actuator designs were fabricated from polysilicon. While the actuators were electrically probed, these designs were tested using a probe station connected to a National Instruments (NI) controller that uses LabVIEW to extract the displacement results via image processing. The displacement results were then used to validate the thermal-electric-structural simulations produced by COMSOL. These results, in turn, were used to extract the stiffness for both actuator types. The data extracted show that chevron actuators can have larger stiffness values with increasing offsets, but at the cost of lower amplification factors. In contrast, kink actuators showed a constant stiffness value equivalent to the chevron actuator with the highest amplification factor. The kink actuator also had larger amplification factors than chevrons at all designs tested. Therefore, kink actuators are capable of longer throws at lower power levels than the standard chevron designs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Switches and Control of Heat Transfer in MEMS)
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