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Sustainability, Volume 15, Issue 8 (April-2 2023) – 692 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): We use an integrated modeling approach to explore the complex relationships and interconnections in marine ecosystems among anthropogenic pressures, biodiversity loss, delivery of ecosystem services, and implemented conservation and management strategies. We selected 60 indicators at regional, national, and international scales gathered in the last three decades. The results show a decline in marine biodiversity and its associated provisioning and regulating services despite the increasing number of responses delivered by a society which are not enough and/or need more time to exert their effects and highlight the pressure on exploited species of unknown conservation status. The implementation of new management regulations is needed and should be developed through participatory processes to protect and improve marine ecosystem status. View this paper
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19 pages, 643 KiB  
Article
Reconceptualizing Customer Perceived Value in Hotel Management in Turbulent Times: A Case Study of Isfahan Metropolis Five-Star Hotels during the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Amir Ghorbani, Hossein Mousazadeh, Farahnaz Akbarzadeh Almani, Masoud Lajevardi, Mohammad Reza Hamidizadeh, Mehrdad Orouei, Kai Zhu and Lóránt Dénes Dávid
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 7022; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087022 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4173
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the tourism and hospitality industry. This study aims to reconceptualize the concept of customer perceived value (CPV) in Isfahan’s five-star hotels during the pandemic using the grounded theory (GT) approach in the context of qualitative research. The [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the tourism and hospitality industry. This study aims to reconceptualize the concept of customer perceived value (CPV) in Isfahan’s five-star hotels during the pandemic using the grounded theory (GT) approach in the context of qualitative research. The objective of this study is to explore the key dimensions of CPV and identify the main strategies that enhance the value perceived by hotel customers. Data were collected with interviews with 30 experts in the hotel and hospitality industry, and MAXQDA software was used to analyze the data. The dominant themes that emerged from the content analysis included health-oriented self-gratification value, financial value, quality value, emotional value, social value, epistemic value, information value, and health security value. Additionally, the subthemes identified were trust, satisfaction, and information access. All these themes could potentially be employed by hotel sectors as solutions to enhance customer satisfaction during the pandemic. From a practical standpoint, this study provides insights to hotel managers or practitioners to implement updated strategies that contribute to knowledge development about customer perceived value in the hotel sector, which can lead to enhanced customer satisfaction and loyalty. The article makes theoretical contributions to the literature on CPV by identifying new dimensions that are relevant to the pandemic. This extension of the literature provides a more comprehensive understanding of CPV in crisis situations and can inform future research on the topic. The article also discusses future research directions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of COVID-19 on Tourism)
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26 pages, 7866 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Correction Methods Applied to BEMT for Predicting Performance of Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines
by Hércules Araújo Oliveira, José Gomes de Matos, Luiz Antonio de Souza Ribeiro, Osvaldo Ronald Saavedra and Jerson Rogério Pinheiro Vaz
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 7021; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087021 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1803
Abstract
Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT) is the most used method to design horizontal-axis wind turbines worldwide. This is because BEMT has a low computational cost and easy numerical implementation. Additionally, it is demonstrated in the literature that the prediction of output power using [...] Read more.
Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT) is the most used method to design horizontal-axis wind turbines worldwide. This is because BEMT has a low computational cost and easy numerical implementation. Additionally, it is demonstrated in the literature that the prediction of output power using BEMT agrees well with experimental data. Another important feature of the BEMT is its applicability to small, medium, and large-sized turbines. However, BEMT models are usually implemented and adjusted for a specific power range turbine, and they are not applied in a more general form. Thus, this article presents an analysis of additional correction methods for tip and root losses, high values of the axial induction factor, and high angle of attack to better represent horizontal-axis turbines in terms of numerical stability. The approach has the intention of combining several complementary correction methods strategically inserted in the BEMT in order to compile an algorithm that is more general, stable, and workable for any turbine size. The main contribution of this work is to propose a stable BEMT numerical algorithm through the assessment of the combination of the correction methods available in the literature, i.e., classical and modern ones. The algorithm ensures applicability for small, medium, and large-sized wind turbines, as well as being fast and easy to implement in any computer and extendable even to turbines with a diffuser. This approach is validated by comparing the results with experimental data from four turbines of different power ranges (1.9 kW to 7.3 MW). The results show the best approximations for performance power curves against the measured values of all turbines. Moreover, it is effective, less complex, and quick in analyzing the performance of those turbines. Furthermore, the need for high-performance computers to analyze the performance of horizontal-axis turbines is avoided. Full article
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15 pages, 288 KiB  
Article
Factors Influencing Customer Preference and Adoption of Electric Vehicles in India: A Journey towards More Sustainable Transportation
by Udit Chawla, Rajesh Mohnot, Varsha Mishra, Harsh Vikram Singh and Ayush Kumar Singh
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 7020; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087020 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4912
Abstract
This study examines the impact of ecological awareness on Electric Vehicle (EV) acceptance and usage in light of the ecosystem advantages, and its changing focus from “traditionally perceived usefulness” to “green perceived usefulness”. The purpose of this study is to analyze public perceptions [...] Read more.
This study examines the impact of ecological awareness on Electric Vehicle (EV) acceptance and usage in light of the ecosystem advantages, and its changing focus from “traditionally perceived usefulness” to “green perceived usefulness”. The purpose of this study is to analyze public perceptions of autonomous driving and automotive tracking systems. Furthermore, it helps to comprehend why people adopt new technology and offers some recommendations for the global growth of EVs. We used factor analysis considering six distinct factors including Charging Time, Innovation, Perceived Quality, Perceived Affordability, Awareness, and Comfort. Our results indicate that elements including consumer loyalty, power efficiency, charging system, and consumer acceptance have a moderate effect, indicating that these factors do play an important role in influencing consumers’ behaviors when it comes to adopting EVs. Full article
34 pages, 5173 KiB  
Article
Volumetric Modular Construction Risks: A Comprehensive Review and Digital-Technology-Coupled Circular Mitigation Strategies
by Ayaz Ahmad Khan, Rongrong Yu, Tingting Liu, Ning Gu and James Walsh
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 7019; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087019 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2862
Abstract
Volumetric modular construction (VMC) has considerable benefits in providing better cost, time, quality, productivity, and sustainability performance. However, the adoption is low, owing to various associated risks. This study aims to identify VMC critical risk factors (CRFs) in project stages and project attributes [...] Read more.
Volumetric modular construction (VMC) has considerable benefits in providing better cost, time, quality, productivity, and sustainability performance. However, the adoption is low, owing to various associated risks. This study aims to identify VMC critical risk factors (CRFs) in project stages and project attributes by conducting a systematic literature review of 91 articles. In the project stages, 31 CRFs were identified based on frequency analyses, and divided into four stages: design and planning, offsite manufacturing, transportation and logistics, and onsite assembly. The project attribute risks were divided into the following categories: implementation and schedule, supply chain and financial, safety and ergonomic, and civil and structural. Overall, design and planning risks were critical, as they are crucial in maintaining the project’s upstream and downstream flow. Finally, the study proposed a mitigation framework for using digital technology-based circular strategies to overcome VMC risks. The framework includes disruptive and emergent digital technologies aiming to mitigate risks in VMC, keeping circularity in action. In terms of theoretical contributions, this research delivers a CRF register and categorical division for professionals to better understand the landscape of VMC risks. In terms of practical contributions, the study guides the practitioners towards strategies to overcome the pertinent risks. Full article
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16 pages, 1539 KiB  
Review
Risks and Requirements in Sustainable App Development—A Review
by Tom Hunger, Marlen Arnold and Rico Pestinger
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 7018; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087018 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2465
Abstract
Apps are a part of the everyday lives of many people around the world. Digital applications support many areas, including the private sphere and the working world. To strengthen social sustainability in app development, it is necessary to consider users’ needs. The aim [...] Read more.
Apps are a part of the everyday lives of many people around the world. Digital applications support many areas, including the private sphere and the working world. To strengthen social sustainability in app development, it is necessary to consider users’ needs. The aim of this paper is to identify users’ requirements and to explore possible concerns. Furthermore, we aim to investigate how sustainability can be integrated into app development. For this purpose, 25 studies were analyzed, in which users were interviewed. The papers were qualitatively evaluated. Our results reveal three main findings. First, specific requirements, such as value for monetary aspects, security, and privacy, play a crucial role for users. Second, users expressed concerns about the attractiveness, motivation, and accuracy of apps. Third, an absolute research gap was revealed in the integration of sustainability in app development. Based on the findings, the Sustainable App Development Model (SADM) was then developed. This model incorporates the most fundamental aspects of social, economic, and environmental sustainability and is characterized by a circular approach to app development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Products and Services)
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16 pages, 2915 KiB  
Article
MOUNTAINPLAST: A New Italian Plastic Footprint with a Focus on Mountain Activities
by Antonella Senese, Massimo Pecci, Roberto Ambrosini and Guglielmina Adele Diolaiuti
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 7017; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087017 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1343
Abstract
The plastic footprint is defined as a science-based tool for quantifying the amount of plastic (in kg) one contributes to the world’s plastic waste (from plastic wraps to anything containing plastics, such as clothes). Making consumers aware of their total plastic footprint and [...] Read more.
The plastic footprint is defined as a science-based tool for quantifying the amount of plastic (in kg) one contributes to the world’s plastic waste (from plastic wraps to anything containing plastics, such as clothes). Making consumers aware of their total plastic footprint and of how it is divided among their various daily life activities can promote concrete eco-sustainable actions aimed at reducing it and consequently plastic consumption. To this aim, we developed a free online plastic footprint calculator for making users aware of how much plastic they introduce into the environment through individual consumption, from food to clothing or leisure. In this tool, we also considered the consumption of plastics during mountain activities as it leads to the production of specific plastic waste. We tested the beta version of this tool on a small sample of users, including students, living in the mountains. Our results show that the sector with the greatest impact is food consumption (72.8%, mainly due to plastic drink bottles), followed by mountain activities (17.4%), a sector that was investigated in more detail (i.e., with more questions) than food consumption. Considering only mountain activities, synthetic fleeces are the most widely used and incorrectly managed items (34.7%), followed by shoes for mountain running or hiking (20.8%). We hope this tool will contribute to more aware use and management of plastic items during mountain activities and daily life and help reduce the distribution of plastics into the environment. Full article
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23 pages, 5016 KiB  
Article
Optimization of State of the Art Fuzzy-Based Machine Learning Techniques for Total Dissolved Solids Prediction
by Mohammad Hijji, Tzu-Chia Chen, Muhammad Ayaz, Ali S. Abosinnee, Iskandar Muda, Yury Razoumny and Javad Hatamiafkoueieh
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 7016; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087016 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1115
Abstract
Total dissolved solid prediction is an important factor which can support the early warning of water pollution, especially in the areas exposed to a mixture of pollutants. In this study, a new fuzzy-based intelligent system was developed, due to the uncertainty of the [...] Read more.
Total dissolved solid prediction is an important factor which can support the early warning of water pollution, especially in the areas exposed to a mixture of pollutants. In this study, a new fuzzy-based intelligent system was developed, due to the uncertainty of the TDS time series data, by integrating optimization algorithms. Monthly-timescale water quality parameters data from nearly four decades (1974–2016), recorded over two gaging stations in coastal Iran, were used for the analysis. For model implementation, the current research aims to model the TDS parameter in a river system by using relevant biochemical parameters such as Ca, Mg, Na, and HCO3. To produce more compact networks along with the model’s generalization, a hybrid model which integrates a fuzzy-based intelligent system with the grasshopper optimization algorithm, NF-GMDH-GOA, is proposed for the prediction of the monthly TDS, and the prediction results are compared with five standalone and hybrid machine learning techniques. Results show that the proposed integrated NF-GMDH-GOA was able to provide an algorithmically informed simulation (NSE = 0.970 for Rig-Cheshmeh and NSE = 0.94 Soleyman Tangeh) of the dynamics of TDS records comparable to the artificial neural network, extreme learning machine, adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system, GMDH, and NF-GMDH-PSO models. According to the results of sensitivity analysis, Sodium in natural bodies of water with maximum value of error (RMSE = 56.4) had the highest influence on the TDS prediction for both stations, and Mg with RMSE = 43.251 stood second. The results of the Wilcoxon signed rank tests also indicated that the model’s prediction means were different, as the p value calculated for the models was less than the standard significance level (α=0.05). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Remote Sensing of Watershed Ecology and Pollution)
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12 pages, 1243 KiB  
Article
Tilt Angle Adjustment for Incident Solar Energy Increase: A Case Study for Europe
by Dragos Machidon and Marcel Istrate
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 7015; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087015 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1382
Abstract
The work presented in this paper aims to analyze the efficiency of using optimum tilt angles defined for several time intervals to maximize the incident solar irradiation on a certain surface deployed in Europe. Such a technique would improve the solar energy harvesting [...] Read more.
The work presented in this paper aims to analyze the efficiency of using optimum tilt angles defined for several time intervals to maximize the incident solar irradiation on a certain surface deployed in Europe. Such a technique would improve the solar energy harvesting process, both for photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors, while not investing in the more expensive sun-tracking devices. The optimum tilt angles have been determined for the yearly, bi-annual, seasonal, and monthly time intervals, which were delimited on a calendar and astronomical base, respectively, considering multiple locations from Europe, and using various mathematical models based on empirical equations and solar irradiation estimation. The total incident solar irradiation provided by adjusting the tilt angle multiple times per year was calculated and compared to that obtained when using the yearly optimum tilt angle. The gains for each type of adjustment were investigated, and the monthly optimization of the tilt angle is obviously the most effective one, ensuring gains of up to 7%, depending on the considered latitude. Otherwise, an optimization twice per year, using the bi-annual optimum tilt angles determined for the astronomical-defined warm and cold seasons, would be the next best solution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Renewable Energy Production and Storage)
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16 pages, 2914 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Sighted and Visually Impaired Users to the Physical and Perceptual Dimensions of an Oasis Settlement Urban Park
by Samiha Boucherit, Luigi Maffei, Massimiliano Masullo, Djihed Berkouk and Tallal Abdel Karim Bouzir
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 7014; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087014 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1440
Abstract
Inclusive design (ID) is a design process that ensures that all people, particularly marginalized groups, can use the environment. Inclusive design (ID) in architecture is based on accurate data related to user experiences where the users’ perception of the built environment demonstrates the [...] Read more.
Inclusive design (ID) is a design process that ensures that all people, particularly marginalized groups, can use the environment. Inclusive design (ID) in architecture is based on accurate data related to user experiences where the users’ perception of the built environment demonstrates the optimal facilitation of their expectations, needs, and demands. Despite this, in studies about inclusive design and multisensory architecture, the perspective of visually impaired people (VIP) is still lacking, especially in accessing public spaces. To address this gap, this study aims to investigate how sighted and visually impaired people perceive an oasis settlement urban park’s physical environment and verify the similarities and differences between these two categories. The research was conducted by applying two approaches, one qualitative based on a series of field surveys and the other quantitative relying on in situ measurements of the physical dimensions of the environment. The main findings of this study show that visually impaired people deserve special consideration due to their varying abilities to perceive the surrounding environment. Furthermore, the results indicate that auditory environments are more perceptible to the visually impaired than the sighted. In contrast, findings from the analysis of the perceived restorativeness scale (PRS-11) show that sighted users of the park have a slightly higher average score than visually impaired users regarding its components of Fascination, Being-Away, Coherence, and Scope. According to the Semantic Differential Scale of Multi-Variable Evaluation of the Park Environment, there are no significant differences between park users’ perceptions of the park’s nature and the thermal environment. The conclusion suggests that to ensure users’ well-being, it is crucial to understand the different individual needs among groups of users and come up with innovative and all-inclusive solutions. Full article
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16 pages, 3827 KiB  
Article
Overviewing Global Surface Temperature Changes Regarding CO2 Emission, Population Density, and Energy Consumption in the Industry: Policy Suggestions
by Chien-Liang Chiu, I-Fan Hsiao and Lily Chang
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 7013; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087013 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1131
Abstract
The focus of this study is to investigate the causal relationships between global surface temperature changes and various relevant economy-related factors and to provide a clearer regime for authorities. The study reveals that the growth rate of production-based CO2 productivity and energy [...] Read more.
The focus of this study is to investigate the causal relationships between global surface temperature changes and various relevant economy-related factors and to provide a clearer regime for authorities. The study reveals that the growth rate of production-based CO2 productivity and energy consumption in industrial, service, and transport sectors positively correlates with global surface temperature changes, aggravating the problem in the long run. However, it is evident that, on the one hand, the energy efficiency of industrial and service sectors needs to be highly scrutinized to address the mitigation issues of global surface temperature change. On the other hand, the contributions of the agricultural and transport sectors are not obvious due to their bidirectional causal relationships with respect to global surface temperature changes. Thus, improving energy efficiency and consumption in these sectors should also be a significant concern. Furthermore, the study highlights the positive causal relationship between population density and the contribution of renewable energy to global surface temperature change. Although population density aggravates the issue, the use of renewable energy confronts it. The contribution from empirical evidence presented in this study emphasizes the need for industries to improve their energy efficiency and consumption in order to mitigate global surface temperature changes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development Goals and Role of Energy)
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21 pages, 595 KiB  
Article
Analyzing the Consequences of Long-Run Civil War on Unemployment Rate: Empirical Evidence from Afghanistan
by Mohammad Ajmal Hameed, Mohammad Mafizur Rahman and Rasheda Khanam
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 7012; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087012 - 21 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1724
Abstract
This article aims to uncover the asymmetric labor-market consequences of the long-run civil war in Afghanistan by employing a non-linear autoregressive distributed lags (NARDL) model and an asymmetric causality technique over the period from 2004Q3 to 2020Q4. The findings from the NARDL model [...] Read more.
This article aims to uncover the asymmetric labor-market consequences of the long-run civil war in Afghanistan by employing a non-linear autoregressive distributed lags (NARDL) model and an asymmetric causality technique over the period from 2004Q3 to 2020Q4. The findings from the NARDL model reveal that the positive asymmetric shocks from the cost of war, GDP growth, final government expenditure, foreign direct investment, and the rule of law significantly decrease the unemployment rate, while their negative asymmetric shocks increase the unemployment rate in the short and long runs. Innovatively, the composite financial inclusion index has been incorporated into the model, which provides interesting results. It demonstrates that enhancing the outreach of financial services plays an important role in reducing the unemployment rate during wartime in Afghanistan, while its exclusion is found to increase the unemployment rate both in the short and long runs. Moreover, the results of the asymmetric causality test reveal that an asymmetric causality runs from both the positive and negative components of the cost of war, the composite financial inclusion index, GDP growth, foreign direct investment, inflation rate, population growth, and the rule of law to the unemployment rate, while no evidence is found to support a causality nexus between the unemployment rate, final government expenditure, and the secondary school enrollment rate. The results entail several policy implications that are discussed. Full article
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14 pages, 2593 KiB  
Article
Rapid Detection of Changes in Image Textures of Carrots Caused by Freeze-Drying using Image Processing Techniques and Machine Learning Algorithms
by Ewa Ropelewska, Kadir Sabanci, Muhammet Fatih Aslan and Necati Çetin
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 7011; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087011 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1546
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in texture parameters between freeze-dried and fresh carrot slices using image processing and artificial intelligence. Images of fresh and freeze-dried carrot slices were acquired using a digital camera. Texture parameters were extracted from [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in texture parameters between freeze-dried and fresh carrot slices using image processing and artificial intelligence. Images of fresh and freeze-dried carrot slices were acquired using a digital camera. Texture parameters were extracted from slice images converted to individual color channels L, a, b, R, G, B, X, Y, and Z. A total of 1629 texture parameters, 181 for each of these color channels, were obtained. Models for the classification of freeze-dried and fresh carrot slices were created using various machine learning algorithms, based on attributes selected from a combined set of textures extracted from images in all color channels (L, a, b, R, G, B, X, Y, and Z). Using three different feature selection methods (Genetic Search, Ranker, and Best First), the 20 most effective texture parameters were determined for each method. The models with the highest classification accuracy obtained by applying various machine learning algorithms from Trees, Rules, Meta, Lazy, and Functions groups were determined. The classification successes obtained with the parameters selected from all three different feature selection algorithms were compared. Random Forest, Multi-class Classifier, Logistic and SMO machine learning algorithms achieved 100% accuracy in the classification performed with texture features obtained by each feature selection algorithm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Food Processing Safety and Public Health)
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23 pages, 6085 KiB  
Article
Enhancing the Fatigue Design of Mechanical Systems Such as Refrigerator to Reserve Food in Agroindustry for the Circular Economy
by Seongwoo Woo, Dennis L. O’Neal, Yimer Mohammed Hassen and Gezae Mebrahtu
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 7010; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087010 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1497
Abstract
To prolong the fatigue life of a product handled by machines such as refrigerators and agricultural machinery, parametric accelerated life testing (ALT) is recommended as a systemized approach to detect design inadequacies and reduce fatigue. It demands (1) an ALT strategy, (2) a [...] Read more.
To prolong the fatigue life of a product handled by machines such as refrigerators and agricultural machinery, parametric accelerated life testing (ALT) is recommended as a systemized approach to detect design inadequacies and reduce fatigue. It demands (1) an ALT strategy, (2) a fatigue type, (3) parametric ALTs with change, and (4) an estimate of whether the present product completes the BX lifetime. The utilization of a quantum-transported life-stress type and a sample size are advocated. The enhancements in the lifetime of a refrigerator ice-maker, containing an auger motor with bearings, were employed as a case study. In the 1st ALT, a steel rolling bearing cracked due to repeated loading under cold conditions (below −20 °C) in the freezer compartment. The bearing material was changed from an AISI 52100 Alloy Steel with 1.30–1.60% chromium to a lubricated sliding bearing with sintered and hardened steel (FLC 4608-110HT) because of its high fatigue strength at lower temperatures. In the 2nd ALT, a helix made of polycarbonates (PCs) fractured. In the redesign, a reinforced rib of the helix was thickened. Because no troubles in the 3rd ALT happened, the life of an ice-maker was proven to have a B1 life 10 years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toward a Circular Economy in the Agro-Industrial and Food Sectors)
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18 pages, 615 KiB  
Article
“Harmonization” or “Fragmentation”: The Impact of Low-Carbon Policy Synergy on Inclusive Low-Carbon Development
by Xinjie Yan, Hui Sun and Long Xin
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 7009; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087009 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1005
Abstract
To better address the inequities and inequalities brought by the monotonous approach to low-carbon development, it is necessary to actively explore inclusive low-carbon development (ILCD) pathways, and low-carbon policy (LCP) synergy plays a crucial role in ILCD. This paper manually collected LCP data [...] Read more.
To better address the inequities and inequalities brought by the monotonous approach to low-carbon development, it is necessary to actively explore inclusive low-carbon development (ILCD) pathways, and low-carbon policy (LCP) synergy plays a crucial role in ILCD. This paper manually collected LCP data from 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2019 and conducted a study using text analysis to measure LCP subject synergy, LCP tool synergy, and LCP overall synergy. At the same time, an indicator analysis framework of ILCD was constructed to measure the efficiency of ILCD at the provincial level through the super-efficient SBM model. On this basis, the impact of LCP synergy on regional ILCD is explored to reveal its mechanism of action, and heterogeneity is explored. The results show the following: (1) In general, LCP subject synergy, LCP tool synergy and LCP overall synergy all effectively promote regional ILCD. (2) Both LCP subject synergy and LCP tool synergy are indispensable. Policy synergy can positively affect ILCD only when both policy subjects and policy instruments are highly synergistic, while ILCD is significantly weakened when both policy subjects and policy instruments are lowly synergistic. (3) The stronger the innovation capacity of provinces, the stronger the contribution of LCP synergy to ILCD. (4) In non-resource-based regions, the effect of LCP subject synergy on regional ILCD is more significant, and the effect of LCP tool synergy is not significant, while the opposite is true for resource-based regions. The study plays a certain reference significance for the government to improve LCP synergy and promote regional ILCD. Full article
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11 pages, 416 KiB  
Article
Little but Sustainable: Wine, Drinking Culture, and Negotiation of Value in Taiwan
by Fong-Ming Yang
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 7008; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087008 - 21 Apr 2023
Viewed by 2200
Abstract
This study examines how foreign-imported wine culture has transformed and maintained social sustainability from diverse dimensions in Taiwan. Wine culture has become popular around the world, yet it has various developments in different areas. As a country without a wine tradition and small [...] Read more.
This study examines how foreign-imported wine culture has transformed and maintained social sustainability from diverse dimensions in Taiwan. Wine culture has become popular around the world, yet it has various developments in different areas. As a country without a wine tradition and small wine consumption, the development of wine culture in Taiwan is significant in the study of the globalization of wine. This paper is based on qualitative fieldwork from 2017 to 2021 in Taiwan, including in-depth interviews with several focus groups and individuals, as well as participatory observations. This research has two major results, focusing on wine symbolism and the transformation of social meanings of drinking. Wine symbolism relates to the emphasis of “elegance” and the reframed concepts that connect wine with traditional food systems. The second finding elaborates the transformation of social meanings: wine has become an accessible luxury; wine helps to reduce the pressure of alcohol consumption; wine helps women to recreate a safer drinking social space. Taiwanese wine culture provides good examples to rethink the complexity and dynamics in socio-cultural matters, as well as the sustainability of food culture and the food system. Full article
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15 pages, 3004 KiB  
Review
Leveraging Social Media for SMEs: Findings from a Bibliometric Review
by Alfonso Pellegrino and Masato Abe
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 7007; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087007 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2349
Abstract
This bibliometric review explores the role of social media in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by examining the current literature and identifying research gaps. A comprehensive analysis of 293 Scopus-indexed journal articles published between 2007 and 2022 was conducted using VOSviewer software. The [...] Read more.
This bibliometric review explores the role of social media in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by examining the current literature and identifying research gaps. A comprehensive analysis of 293 Scopus-indexed journal articles published between 2007 and 2022 was conducted using VOSviewer software. The study’s objective is to understand the impact of social media on SMEs’ growth and development, with a focus on customer engagement, return on investment (ROI) metrics, and marketing strategies. The analysis uncovers three primary research clusters: (i) social media customer engagement, (ii) social media ROI metrics, and (iii) social media marketing strategies. These findings offer valuable insights for researchers and practitioners aiming to comprehend the existing knowledge landscape and inform future studies regarding the practical implementation of social media in SMEs. Full article
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16 pages, 994 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Effective Factors in Achieving Ecological City in the Direction of Sustainable Development
by Liansheng Hu and Yongqin Xi
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 7006; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087006 - 21 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1235
Abstract
Diverse ways have been presented for achieving urban balance and sustainability. The ecological city is one of these approaches. Consequently, the primary objective of this study is to identify and assess the effective variables in attaining an ecological city in the direction of [...] Read more.
Diverse ways have been presented for achieving urban balance and sustainability. The ecological city is one of these approaches. Consequently, the primary objective of this study is to identify and assess the effective variables in attaining an ecological city in the direction of sustainable development in the city of Jingzhou. Separating the effective criteria and variables for creating the ecological city and comparing the perspectives of professionals and citizens regarding the priority of these factors are additional objectives of this study. The current study has an applied objective and a descriptive data gathering strategy. In this study, a two-part questionnaire was developed in which Friedman’s test was used to prioritize the effective criteria for attaining an ecological city from the people’ perspective. The Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to prioritize the aforementioned variables from the experts’ perspective. The statistical population of the study consists of residents of the city of Jingzhou. A total of 384 individuals were selected as the sample. The analysis of data was performed using SPSS statistical software. According to the results, there is no substantial difference in ways in which residents and specialists prioritize the effective components for building an ecological city. Except for the sub-factors of the “physical” section (where the priorities are completely different among the groups) and the two “environmental” sections (where the priorities of the two groups are slightly different), the priority of the sub-factors is the same in the remaining sections from the perspective of both groups. According to the findings of this study, “independent and self-sufficient local economy” and “use of renewable energy” are the most beneficial components for creating an ecological city from the perspective of both inhabitants and professionals. In addition, among the indicators of Jingzhou city, the economic index is in a better position for the city to be ecological. Full article
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18 pages, 2817 KiB  
Article
The Optimization of Bus Departure Time Based on Uncertainty Theory—Taking No. 207 Bus Line of Nanchang City, China, as an Example
by Yunqiang Xue, Lin Cheng, Haoran Jiang, Jun Guo and Hongzhi Guan
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 7005; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087005 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1015
Abstract
In order to optimize the bus departure time considering uncertain factors, this paper constructed an uncertain bi-level programming model for departure frequency and scheduling of a bus line. The uncertainty of passenger arrival and bus operation time were taken into account, combined with [...] Read more.
In order to optimize the bus departure time considering uncertain factors, this paper constructed an uncertain bi-level programming model for departure frequency and scheduling of a bus line. The uncertainty of passenger arrival and bus operation time were taken into account, combined with actual operation conditions. Nanchang 207 bus line was taken as an example to optimize the departure frequency and scheduling in the morning peak hour. The optimal departure frequency in the morning peak hour is 12 times. The overall index value of the route’s non-uniform scheduling during peak hours increased by 0.06 and 9.23% compared with uniform scheduling. The analysis results show that the effect of the non-uniform scheduling is obvious. The issue of bus line departure frequency and scheduling has a positive effect on improving the efficiency of public transportation, reducing operating costs and promoting the sustainable development of the public transportation system. This paper provides a theoretical support for bus operators to optimize route operations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Transportation)
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23 pages, 1392 KiB  
Article
Brand-Owners’ Exclusive Channel Strategies in Multitier Supply Chains: Effect of Contract Unobservability
by Minghua Xiong and Xiaopo Zhuo
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 7004; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087004 - 21 Apr 2023
Viewed by 950
Abstract
In multitier supply chains, brand-owners often form exclusive deals with downstream retailers or upstream suppliers. Therefore, the selection of exclusive channel strategies becomes a critical decision for brand owners, resulting in three typical structures: a flexible structure, an exclusive retailing-channel structure, and an [...] Read more.
In multitier supply chains, brand-owners often form exclusive deals with downstream retailers or upstream suppliers. Therefore, the selection of exclusive channel strategies becomes a critical decision for brand owners, resulting in three typical structures: a flexible structure, an exclusive retailing-channel structure, and an exclusive purchasing-channel structure. This paper contributes to the literature by formulating these three representative channel structures in a three-tier supply chain. Both observable and unobservable contracts are considered in each structure. We build game-theoretical models and derive the equilibrium outcomes under observable and unobservable contracts. We find that the exclusive retailing channel is more beneficial for brand-owners, regardless of whether the contracts are observable or unobservable. Additionally, the exclusive retailing channel benefits the entire supply chain more than the exclusive purchasing channel when the level of channel substitutability is low (high) under contract observability (unobservability). With regard to the effect of contract unobservability, we find that it can benefit brand-owners when the level of channel substitutability is low, but it can harm them when the level of channel substitutability is high. Furthermore, we explore the effects of channel substitutability and demonstrate that brand-owners’ performance can be positively and negatively affected by the channel substitutability under contract unobservability. Our findings provide operational strategies for brand-owners to form exclusive channels in a multitier supply chain. Full article
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20 pages, 4082 KiB  
Article
Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process for Strategic Decision Making in Electric Vehicle Adoption
by Pasura Aungkulanon, Walailak Atthirawong and Pongchanun Luangpaiboon
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 7003; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087003 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1476
Abstract
In response to the requirement to address the global climate crisis in urban areas caused by the logistics sector, an increasing number of governments around the world have begun aggressive strategic actions to encourage manufacturers and consumers to adopt electric vehicle (EV) technology. [...] Read more.
In response to the requirement to address the global climate crisis in urban areas caused by the logistics sector, an increasing number of governments around the world have begun aggressive strategic actions to encourage manufacturers and consumers to adopt electric vehicle (EV) technology. One of the most beneficial aspects of driving an EV is that it reduces pollution while also reducing the use of fossil fuels, as well as improving public health by improving local air quality. Nevertheless, the level of EV adoption differs significantly across markets and geographies. EV adoption barriers slow the overall rate of electric mobility. This study ranks a list of obstacles and sub-hindrances to the adoption of electric vehicles in Thailand using the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP), a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique. The results showed that infrastructure policy barrier (A), which had the highest weight of 0.6058, was the biggest barrier to EV adoption, followed by technological barrier (B) with a weight of 0.2657, and then by market barrier with a weight of 0.1285. Insufficient charging infrastructure network (A3), lack of proper government support/incentives and collaboration (A1), insufficient electric power supply (A2), high capital cost (C3), and EV charging time (B3) were key sub-barriers to EV adoption in Thailand. Decision Making Systems (DMS) have additionally been created to assist executives in making decisions about the aforementioned barriers. The DMS is based on the concept of computer-aided decision making in that it allows for direct user interaction, analysis, and the ability to change circumstances and the decision-making process based on the executives’ own experience and abilities. Thus, the findings of this study aid in the formulation of market strategies for relevant stakeholders and shed light on potential policy responses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multicriteria Decision Analysis in Planning Sustainable Energy Use)
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11 pages, 10541 KiB  
Article
The Bird Dawn Chorus Strength of an Urban Soundscape and Its Potential to Assess Urban Green Spaces
by Paul Devos
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 7002; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087002 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1895
Abstract
Green areas in urban environments, such as urban parks and urban gardens, are known to provide benefits called “ecosystem services” to the urban community. Green recreational spaces offer opportunities for physical activity, leading to improved physical and mental health of residents. For this [...] Read more.
Green areas in urban environments, such as urban parks and urban gardens, are known to provide benefits called “ecosystem services” to the urban community. Green recreational spaces offer opportunities for physical activity, leading to improved physical and mental health of residents. For this reason, the presence and the quality of such areas has to be considered and promoted in sustainable urban planning, especially in the context of contributing to the achievement sustainable cities. As the biodiversity of an area is an indication of its quality, soundecological indicators have been used to assess the biodiversity in natural areas. Due to the presence of anthropogenic sounds in urban areas, the use of these indicators to determine the quality of urban areas can be questioned. However, the vocal activity of collectively singing birds during the dawn chorus contributes to the urban soundscape, and results in a prominent biophonic component of this soundscape, as can be clearly seen in its yearly pattern. The use of soundecological indicators through the estimation of the Bird Dawn Chorus Strength has the potential to provide a means of assessing the quality of urban green spaces. To demonstrate this potential, a pilot study is presented here on the annual temporal scale of the soundscape of a typical urban green space. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Noise Pollution and Solutions)
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23 pages, 22120 KiB  
Article
Testing and Analysis on the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Light Intensity and CO2 Concentration in Solar Greenhouse
by Chunhui Zhang, Haiyang Liu, Chunguang Wang, Zheying Zong, Haichao Wang, Xiaodong Zhao, Shuai Wang and Yanan Li
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 7001; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087001 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 883
Abstract
Greenhouses, as important parts of facility agriculture, can reduce the restrictions on agricultural production imposed by the natural environment and make rational and efficient use of production resources. We conducted long-term, continuous testing of temperature, humidity, light intensity, and CO2 concentration parameters [...] Read more.
Greenhouses, as important parts of facility agriculture, can reduce the restrictions on agricultural production imposed by the natural environment and make rational and efficient use of production resources. We conducted long-term, continuous testing of temperature, humidity, light intensity, and CO2 concentration parameters in a heliostat greenhouse in the central and western parts of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, a cold and arid region of northern China. A large amount of data was processed by statistical observation, simulation analysis, and 3D reconstruction to obtain the overall distribution, variation pattern, and mathematical model of the regional greenhouse environment in time and space. The results show that the temperature, humidity, light intensity, and CO2 concentration in the greenhouse have significant daily variation patterns, that there are strong coupling relationships between light intensity–CO2 concentration–time and indoor temperature–light intensity–CO2 concentration, that the coefficients of determination (R2) of the mathematical models are 0.88 and 0.89, and that the standard errors (RMSE) are 49.67 ppm and 45.30 ppm, respectively. The environmental parameters were fitted with high accuracy in order to provide scientific data for the cultivation of heliostats in the region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Engineering Design)
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14 pages, 725 KiB  
Article
China’s Pathway to a Low Carbon Economy: Exploring the Influence of Urbanization on Environmental Sustainability in the Digital Era
by Yan Lv, Weisong Li, Yawen Xu and Muhammad Tayyab Sohail
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 7000; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087000 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1226
Abstract
To protect the environment from any further damage, the implementation of the “smart cities” strategy supported by information and communication technologies (ICTs) is the need of the hour. Hence, this study estimates the impact of ICT and urbanization on environmental sustainability in China [...] Read more.
To protect the environment from any further damage, the implementation of the “smart cities” strategy supported by information and communication technologies (ICTs) is the need of the hour. Hence, this study estimates the impact of ICT and urbanization on environmental sustainability in China using the novel quantile autoregressive distributed lag (QARDL) method. The results of the QARDL model state the negative and significant impact of ICT on CO2 emissions in China for all quantiles, implying that an increase in ICT proved to be an important factor in improving environmental quality. In contrast, the estimated coefficients of urbanization are positively significant for all quantiles. This finding sustains the idea that large-scale urbanization is detrimental to the environment because the process of urbanization is among the leading sources of carbon emissions. In the short run, the negative impact of ICT on CO2 emissions can only be seen in higher quantiles, while the positive impact of urbanization on CO2 emissions is confirmed for all quantiles. Lastly, the asymmetric impact of ICT and urbanization is confirmed in the short and long run with the help of Wald tests. The ICT diffusion and smart urbanization approach can help in attaining environmental sustainability targets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environment and Sustainable Economic Growth)
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25 pages, 16775 KiB  
Article
Field Investigation and Finite Element Analysis of Landslide-Triggering Factors of a Cut Slope Composed of Granite Residual Soil: A Case Study of Chongtou Town, Lishui City, China
by Tiesheng Yan, Jun Xiong, Longjian Ye, Jiajun Gao and Hui Xu
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 6999; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086999 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1338
Abstract
Landslides caused by excavations and precipitation events are widespread types of slope failures in southwest Zhejiang, China, in areas with granite residual soil. Investigations of the effect of high precipitation on the hydrological response, stability, and evolutionary mechanism of cut slopes in granite [...] Read more.
Landslides caused by excavations and precipitation events are widespread types of slope failures in southwest Zhejiang, China, in areas with granite residual soil. Investigations of the effect of high precipitation on the hydrological response, stability, and evolutionary mechanism of cut slopes in granite soil areas are lacking. The characteristics of historical landslides in Chongtou Town in southwestern Zhejiang were summarized, and a typical slope was selected for analysis. The hydraulic and mechanical properties of the residual soil and fully weathered granite were tested, and the surface displacements on the slope were monitored. Geo-studio was utilized to establish a coupled seepage-deformation model to validate the numerical method and investigate the landslide-triggering factors of the cut slope. The results showed nearly all historical landslides in Chongtou Town were triggered by precipitation events, and the slide bodies consisted of residual soil and fully weathered granite with similar geotechnical properties. The simulated and measured horizontal displacements were in good agreement, indicating the reliability of the established model and parameters. The stability coefficient decreased with an increase in the gradient or height of the cut slope. The critical height values were 5.3 m, 5.5 m, 5.7 m, 6.0 m, and 6.3 m at slopes of 60°, 65°, 70°, 75°, and 80°, respectively. Long-term torrential rain and short-term high-intensity precipitation events are likely to trigger landslides when the precipitation event lasts longer than 26 h and 78 h, respectively. The landslide formation includes four stages: slope evolution, formation of unloading zone at slope foot, migration and loss of soil particles, and instability of the cut slope. The findings can be used to prevent and manage landslides on cut slopes in areas with granite residual soil. Full article
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15 pages, 287 KiB  
Article
Unlocking Opportunities for Migrant Workers in China: Analyzing the Impact of Health Insurance on Hukou Switching Intentions
by Hong Chen, Jia Yu, Mingshuai Qin, Yangyang Wang and Lijian Qin
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 6998; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086998 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1192
Abstract
The Chinese urban–rural binary health insurance structure has contributed to a significant urban–rural segmentation and regional fragmentation, which will affect labor mobilization and urbanization. The purpose of this research is to study whether and how urban–rural binary health insurance impacts the intentions of [...] Read more.
The Chinese urban–rural binary health insurance structure has contributed to a significant urban–rural segmentation and regional fragmentation, which will affect labor mobilization and urbanization. The purpose of this research is to study whether and how urban–rural binary health insurance impacts the intentions of migrant workers to switch between rural and urban hukou. Pooled data were drawn from China Migrants Dynamic Survey, collected by the National Health Commission of China. The study applied the instrument variable model due to the existence of the endogeneity; and the IVprobit model to conduct the empirical analysis. Our findings are as follows: (1) the urban–rural binary health insurance affects migrant workers’ intentions to switch to urban hukou significantly. (2) The negative impact of originally rural health insurance on migrant workers’ intention of switching to urban hukou is relatively large for low-education-level migrant workers. (3) Compared with new generation of migrant workers, old migrant workers have higher health insurance dependency levels. Finally, our research suggested several policy implications, such as accelerating the establishment of a unified urban–rural health insurance system, increasing the urban health insurance participation rate of migrant workers in their working cities, and including migrant workers in the scope of equal access to urban public services, etc. All the policy suggestions are essential in order to accelerate the citizenization of migrant workers, improve the quality of urbanization, and promote the construction of a unified national labor market. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Health, Well-Being and Sustainability)
22 pages, 8361 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Power Flow Entropy on Available Load Supply Capacity under Stochastic Scenarios with Different Control Coefficients of UPFC
by Zhongxi Ou, Yuanyuan Lou, Junzhou Wang, Yixin Li, Kun Yang, Sui Peng and Junjie Tang
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 6997; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086997 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 973
Abstract
With the sharp increase in fluctuant sources in power systems, the deterministic power flow (DPF) calculation has been unable to meet the demands of practical applications; thus, the probabilistic method becomes indispensable for the reliable and stable operation of power systems. This paper [...] Read more.
With the sharp increase in fluctuant sources in power systems, the deterministic power flow (DPF) calculation has been unable to meet the demands of practical applications; thus, the probabilistic method becomes indispensable for the reliable and stable operation of power systems. This paper adopts the probabilistic power flow (PPF) method, which is a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) based on the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method, to analyze the uncertainties of power systems. Specifically, the available load supply capability (ALSC) based on the branch loading rate is used to analyze the safety margin of the whole system, while the improved power flow entropy is introduced to quantify the equilibrium of power flow distribution. The repeated power flow (RPF) calculation is combined with the PPF method, and, hence, the probabilistic repeated power flow (PRPF) method is proposed to calculate the power flow entropy at the initial state and the probabilistic ALSC. To flexibly control the power flow, the unified power flow controller (UPFC) is added to the AC power system. The different control coefficients of UPFC are set to reveal the relationship between power flow entropy and available load supply capability under the stochastic scenarios. Finally, the modified IEEE14 test system is used to study the adjustment abilities of UPFC. With consideration of uncertainties in the test case, the positive effect of UPFC on the power flow entropy and the probabilistic ALSC under stochastic scenarios is deeply studied. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Power System and Sustainability)
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23 pages, 3791 KiB  
Review
Sustainable Maritime Freight Transportation: Current Status and Future Directions
by Suneet Singh, Ashish Dwivedi and Saurabh Pratap
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 6996; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086996 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2905
Abstract
Maritime freight has gained popularity among researchers and practitioners due to its cost efficiency and eco-friendly nature. It was initially developed for cargo transfer, but its widespread adoption has made it the backbone of global economy. Despite its favourable nature, some of its [...] Read more.
Maritime freight has gained popularity among researchers and practitioners due to its cost efficiency and eco-friendly nature. It was initially developed for cargo transfer, but its widespread adoption has made it the backbone of global economy. Despite its favourable nature, some of its serious negative effects have attracted the attention of researchers and scholars. Therefore, the present study reviews the extensive literature available on maritime freight logistics, and evaluates the existing access distance between sustainability practices and maritime freight logistics. A systematic three-stage review process including review planning, review conduct and evaluation is followed in this study. VOSviewer and the R language are used to evaluate relevant issues and changes in the literature. Thereafter, the content analysis highlights the major themes of the subject. This study underscores the impact of innovative technologies discovered to make maritime freight sustainable and also examines maritime freight transport in terms of three pillars of sustainability. The result has implications for policymakers to facilitate the smooth implementation of sustainable practices in maritime freight transportation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioeconomy for Sustainable Freight Transportation and Logistics)
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20 pages, 3196 KiB  
Article
The Spatiotemporal Measurement of Coordinated Development of Resource-Environment-Economy Based on Empirical Analysis from China’s 30 Provinces
by Hongqiang Wang, Xiaochang Lu, Qiujing Guo and Yingjie Zhang
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 6995; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086995 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1082
Abstract
The coordinated development of resource–environment–economy is the strategic choice to realize sustainable development. To explore the historical pattern of the coordinated development of resource–environment–economy, showing the logic of the spatiotemporal evolution of the system in China, this paper conducts a measurement study. Based [...] Read more.
The coordinated development of resource–environment–economy is the strategic choice to realize sustainable development. To explore the historical pattern of the coordinated development of resource–environment–economy, showing the logic of the spatiotemporal evolution of the system in China, this paper conducts a measurement study. Based on the actual data of 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2019, the paper constructs an evaluation index system for the coordinated development of resource–environment–economy and establishes a coupling coordination degree (CCD) model and a spatial autocorrelation analysis model. The results show that the mean value of the coupled coordination of the three systems (resource–environment–economy) gradually increased from the stage of near dissonance (0.479) in 2005 to the stage of good coordination (0.853) in 2019. The global Moran’s I was 0.349, indicating that there is a certain spatial aggregation of resource–environment–economy at the province level. Coastal areas have a higher degree, while inland areas have a lower degree. In the spatial correlation analysis, the resource–environment–economy coupling coordination degree of 30 provinces in China is significantly positively correlated. Low–low clusters are found mainly in the Northwest (e.g., Xinjiang, Qinghai). Furthermore, the findings provide some targeted international recommendations. Relevant policies should encourage sustainable development and promote green transformation of industrial structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environment and Sustainable Economic Growth)
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16 pages, 11583 KiB  
Article
Effects of Tb-Doped BiVO4 on Degradation of Methylene Blue
by Wei-Sheng Chen, Ming-Hong Wu and Jun-Yi Wu
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 6994; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086994 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1431
Abstract
Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is a narrow-bandgap semiconductor (~2.41 Ev) that responds to visible light. The efficiency of degradation of organic dyes is indexed by methylene blue (MB). After 150 min, the efficiency of MB degradation by pure BiVO4 was about [...] Read more.
Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is a narrow-bandgap semiconductor (~2.41 Ev) that responds to visible light. The efficiency of degradation of organic dyes is indexed by methylene blue (MB). After 150 min, the efficiency of MB degradation by pure BiVO4 was about 20%. Its adsorption performance and electron–hole pair migration ability are weak, and the photocatalytic activity of pure BiVO4 needs to be improved. BiVO4 doped with rare earth ions can facilitate the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, thereby enhancing photocatalytic activity in the visible light range. This study investigates changes in the structure and morphology of BiVO4 doped with different atomic percentages of terbium (Tb). BiVO4 powders were prepared by the hydrothermal method with different atomic percentages of Tb (at% = 0, 1, 3, and 5). Doping Tb benefits the coexistence of monoclinic/tetragonal heterostructures, which changes the band gap and improves degradation efficiency. After 150 min of visible light irradiation, the photocatalyst doped with 3 atomic percent of Tb exhibited 98.2% degradation of methylene blue. The degradation percentage of MB remained stable in the presence of 3at%Tb-doped BiVO4 composite. The optimal parameters for the amount of photocatalyst added were studied. Real-field simulations of metal ions and inorganic salts both retain high levels of degradation efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue EARTH 2022-Green Technologies for Waste Treatment and CO2 Reduction)
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15 pages, 1400 KiB  
Article
An Empirical Study of the Influencing Factors of University–Enterprise Authentic Cooperation on Cross-Border E-Commerce Employment: The Case of Zhejiang
by Meiyu Fang and Zhe Zhu
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 6993; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086993 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1219
Abstract
This paper investigates the positive influencing factors and the degree of influence of authentic university–enterprise cooperation on the employability of cross-border e-commerce graduates. We used the literature analysis method and Delphi method to construct 12 factors affecting employability and put forward corresponding hypotheses. [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the positive influencing factors and the degree of influence of authentic university–enterprise cooperation on the employability of cross-border e-commerce graduates. We used the literature analysis method and Delphi method to construct 12 factors affecting employability and put forward corresponding hypotheses. We tested the data and correlation analysis by SPSS software and used structural equation modeling for parameter estimation and path coefficient measurement to construct a relationship model of the factors influencing the employability of college students by cross-border e-commerce university–enterprise cooperation. The results show that the university–enterprise authentic cooperation has positive impacts on college students’ employability in theoretical knowledge, learning, professional skills application, personal basic quality, and professional quality. With the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce, studying the factors that affect the employability of college students through university–enterprise cooperation can not only promote the further integration of industry and education but also further improve the employability of college students, thus promoting the development of social economy. Therefore, the research is of positive significance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Digital Transformation and E-Government)
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