Multi-Objective Control Strategy for Switched Reluctance Generators in Small-Scale Wind Power Generations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- The output power can meet the users’ requirement and remains stable under the dynamic changes of wind speed. The entire optimization system can keep up with dynamic changes in wind speed.
- A multi-objective function including system efficiency, voltage ripple and power converter loss is constructed, which avoids the disadvantage of single-objective optimization. The overall performance of SRG is improved by online adjustment of the turn-on angle.
- The proposed strategy can be flexibly applied to SRG with different structures and does not require complex mathematical models. The optimization system is stable and easy to implement, which is conducive to the promotion of SRG in wind power generation.
2. Operating Principles of SRG
2.1. Characteristics of Power Generation
2.2. Characteristics of Efficiency
2.3. Characteristics of Output Voltage Ripple
3. Multi-Objective Control
3.1. Off-Line Turn-Off Angle Optimization
3.2. Multi-Objective Control and On-Line Turn-On Angle Tuning
- (i)
- According to the difference between the required output power P* and actual output voltage P(t), the reference current i* is regulated by the PI regulator.
- (ii)
- Throughout the optimization process, the turn-off angle θoff is calculated according to the real-time rotor speed in regulator2 by (12).
- (iii)
- After the actual output power P(t) reaches the target value P*, the controller evaluates the system performance according to (13) and (14).
- (iv)
- Finally, according to the evaluation in iii, the regulator1 tunes the turn-on angle on-line by SAA and the flow chart is shown as Figure 5.
4. Simulation Analysis
5. Experimental Verification
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
SRG, SRM | Switched reluctance generator, Switched reluctance machine |
SAA | Simulated annealing algorithm |
DC | Direct current |
DPC | Direct power control |
ASHB | Asymmetric half-bridge |
P, Pm | The output power, Absorbed mechanical power |
ΔW | Mechanical energy |
UDC, IDC | DC bus voltage, Averaged output current |
Uk, ik | Phase voltage, Phase current |
m | Phase number |
RL | Load |
θon, θoff | Turn-on angle, Turn-off angle |
θext | Angle positions where phase current extinguishes |
RESR | Equivalent resistance |
Nr | Rotor teeth number |
ω | Angular velocity |
k | Phase A, Phase B, Phase C, or Phase D |
φx | The flux-linkage |
Sx | The area surrounded by flux-link trajectories |
Ppc-in, Ppc-out | The average input power of the converter, The average output power of the converter |
ig, ie | Total delivered current, Exciting current |
C | The output capacitance |
d | The chopping frequency for phase current control |
n | The actual rotor speed |
η | System efficiency |
ΔU | Output voltage ripple |
ΔPPC, P*, P(t) | Power converter loss, The required output power, The actual output voltage |
f(x) | Multi-objective evaluations |
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Wang, L.; Liu, C.; Jiang, Z.; Xiao, W.; Ren, S.; Ding, J.; Wang, Q. Multi-Objective Control Strategy for Switched Reluctance Generators in Small-Scale Wind Power Generations. Sustainability 2023, 15, 6329. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15076329
Wang L, Liu C, Jiang Z, Xiao W, Ren S, Ding J, Wang Q. Multi-Objective Control Strategy for Switched Reluctance Generators in Small-Scale Wind Power Generations. Sustainability. 2023; 15(7):6329. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15076329
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Linqiang, Cheng Liu, Zongwen Jiang, Weiren Xiao, Shuaiwei Ren, Jiaxin Ding, and Qing Wang. 2023. "Multi-Objective Control Strategy for Switched Reluctance Generators in Small-Scale Wind Power Generations" Sustainability 15, no. 7: 6329. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15076329