A Brief History of Cardiothoracic Surgical Critical Care Medicine in the United States
Round 1
Reviewer 1 Report
I would like to congratulate the authors on this interesting trip down history with the most important milestones which have lead to postoperative cardiac surgery care ase we know it. It is well written with interesting facts.
I would recommending adding "in the United States of America" to the title, since it is the main focus of this manuscript. Advances in other countries are not adressed.
Author Response
We want to thank Reviewer # 1 for their comments. We have updated the title to indicate the location. Please see the tracked version with "in the United States" in red font.
Reviewer 2 Report
The Manuscript by Kopanczyk et al demonstrated “A Brief History of Cardiothoracic Surgical Critical Care Medicine”. Authors writted the manuscript with the developmentals and ground-breaking innovations in the field of cardiothoracic surgery. Authors written the manuscript very well and should revise the manuscript with following comments before publication.
Major comments:
1. A table with “inventor”, “innovation”, “Year” ,“affiliation”,“advantages”, “disadvantages”, “reference” should give clear information about the developments in the CT surgery and critical care medicine.
2. Authors should include the innovations made by Norman Edward Shumway who is a father of heart transplantation and had perfomed 800 heart tranplants.
3. Authors should update the recent advances in CT surgery.
Author Response
We want to thank Reviewer #2 for their insightful comments and time reviewing the manuscript.
A table with “inventor”, “innovation”, “Year” ,“affiliation”,“advantages”, “disadvantages”, “reference” should give clear information about the developments in the CT surgery and critical care medicine
- Thank you for this comment. Please see below table with information desired.
Table 1. List of achievements in cardiothoracic surgery and critical care.
Year
Innovator
Innovation
Affiliation
Impact
1893[2]
Dr. Daniel Hale Williams
First cardiac surgery
Provident Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
Sparked the realization that more sophisticated cardiac surgeries would require a method of immobilizing the heart.
1952[10]
Dr. Bjørn Ibsen
Use of positive-pressure ventilation in ward patients with respiratory failure from polio
Kommunehospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
The first utilization of positive-pressure ventilation on the wards.
1953[1]
Dr. John Gibbon
First successful use of cardiopulmonary bypass
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Contributed to the creation of motionless and bloodless surgical field.
1954-1955[1]
Dr. C. Walton Lillehei
Controlled cross-circulation and bubble oxygenator
University of Minnesota
Developed the bubble oxygenator which remained the standard for extracorporeal circulation until 1970’s
1955[1]
Dr. John Kirklin
First serial use of cardiopulmonary bypass
Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Contributed to the creation of motionless and bloodless surgical field.
1956[3]
Sister Elizabeth Gillis
Established the first Postoperative Cardiovascular Unit
Saint Mary’s Hospital, Rochester, MN, USA
Served a model for subsequent dedicated cardiac surgery recovery units, the predecessor of the modern CT-ICU.
1963[16]
Dr. Peter Safar
Established the first critical care subspecialty training
Presbyterian University Hospital, Pittsburg, PA, USA
Established the precedent for specialized critical care training for credentialing.
1966[33]
Dr. Domingo Liotta and Dr. Michael DeBakey
First implantation of durable left ventricular assist device
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
Expanded treatment options for patients with left ventricular failure as bridge to heart transplantation or destination therapy.
1967[34]
Dr. Christiaan Barnard
First human-to-human heart transplant
Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
Demonstration of the ultimate treatment for cardiomyopathy.
1970[35]
Dr. Jeremy Swan and Dr. William Ganz
Development of the pulmonary artery catheter
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Allowed for hemodynamic-driven therapy and enabled rapid method to calculated cardiac output.
1977[33]
Dr. Robert Bartlett
Published first report on serial use of ECMO
University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
Demonstrated the efficacy of ECMO for various indications in both adult and pediatric populations.
1981[34]
Dr. Norman Shumway and Dr. Bruce Reitz
First heart-lung transplantation
Stanford Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
Demonstration of the ultimate treatment for combined heart and lung disease.
1982[33]
Dr. William DeVries, Robert Jarvik, and Dr. William Kolff
First artificial heart, the Jarvik-7, successfully implanted
University of Utah Medical Center
Expanded treatment options for patients with biventricular failure as bridge to heart transplantation.
2002[36]
Dr. Alain Cribier
First transcatheter aortic valve replacement performed
Hospital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
Greatly expanded treatment options for patients with severe aortic stenosis who were deemed poor candidates for open heart surgery.
2022[37]
Drs. Bartely P. Griffith and Muhammad M. Mohiuddin
First human heart xenotransplantation
University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
Potential expansion of organ pool for end-stage cardiomyopathy
Authors should include the innovations made by Norman Edward Shumway who is a father of heart transplantation and had perfomed 800 heart tranplants.
- Thank you for this comment. We included great contributions of Dr. Shumway in the table.
Authors should update the recent advances in CT surgery.
- Thank you for the comment. We included some recent advancements like xenotransplantation in the table. Given the topic of critical care history, it is out of the focus of this paper to include all the advances in cardiothoracic surgery.