Medicina

14 pages, 1605 KiB

Open AccessReview

Analgesic Effects of Interferential Current Therapy: A Narrative Review

by Érika Patrícia Rampazo and Richard Eloin Liebano

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010141 - 17 Jan 2022

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 9745

Background and Objectives: Transcutaneous electrical stimulation of low- and medium-frequency currents is commonly used in pain management. Interferential current (IFC) therapy, a medium frequency alternating current therapy that reportedly reduces skin impedance, can reach deeper tissues. IFC therapy can provide several different [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Transcutaneous electrical stimulation of low- and medium-frequency currents is commonly used in pain management. Interferential current (IFC) therapy, a medium frequency alternating current therapy that reportedly reduces skin impedance, can reach deeper tissues. IFC therapy can provide several different treatment possibilities by adjusting its parameters (carrier frequency, amplitudemodulated frequency, sweep frequency, sweep mode or swing pattern, type of application (bipolar or quadripolar), time of application and intensity). The objective of this review article is to discuss the literature findings on the analgesic efficacy of IFC therapy. Conclusions: According to the literature, IFC therapy shows significant analgesic effects in patients with neck pain, low back pain, knee osteoarthritis and post-operative knee pain. Most of the IFC parameters seem not to influence its analgesic effects. We encourage further studies to investigate the mechanism of action of IFC therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Neuromodulation Techniques for Pain Management)

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5 pages, 3565 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Delayed Onset Bilateral Papilledema in a Young Boy’s Eyes after Trauma

by Ting-Yi Lin and Ke-Hung Chien

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010140 - 17 Jan 2022

Viewed by 3005

Abstract

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare venous thromboembolic disease that affects young adults in their thirties, with a female predilection. Head trauma accounts for only 1–3% of cases among possible etiologies. Here, we present a particular case of trauma-related CVST with [...] Read more.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare venous thromboembolic disease that affects young adults in their thirties, with a female predilection. Head trauma accounts for only 1–3% of cases among possible etiologies. Here, we present a particular case of trauma-related CVST with delayed-onset symptoms and signs in a young boy. A 12-year-old boy presented to the emergency department with non-specific visual symptoms 11 days after head trauma. Apart from mild-grade disc swelling in the right eye and dyschromatopsia in both eyes, no significant findings were revealed during physical examinations and a non-contrast cranial computed tomography (CT) scan. Unfortunately, the patient suffered multiple seizure attacks the following day. Trauma-related CVST, complicated by delayed-onset increased intracranial pressure, and bilateral papilledema were finally diagnosed. Physicians need increased awareness of a possible CVST diagnosis if a patient with a history of head trauma shows persistent or worsening neurological symptoms despite negative results on serial non-contrast cranial CT scans. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Ophthalmology)

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8 pages, 4469 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Immunohistochemical Expression of the Serine and Arginine-Rich Splicing Factor 1 (SRSF1) Is a Predictive Factor of the Recurrence of Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Preliminary Study on a Series of 52 Cases

by Giuseppe Broggi, Davide Barbagallo, Francesco Lacarrubba, Anna Elisa Verzì, Giuseppe Micali, Michele Purrello and Rosario Caltabiano

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010139 - 17 Jan 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1724

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are the most frequent skin tumors; although they usually exhibit a good prognosis, it has been reported that there is a 2–8% rate of local recurrence of surgically-excised BCCs, even in the presence of tumor-free [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are the most frequent skin tumors; although they usually exhibit a good prognosis, it has been reported that there is a 2–8% rate of local recurrence of surgically-excised BCCs, even in the presence of tumor-free surgical margins. Several histological and clinical risk factors have been associated with a higher risk of local relapse; however, the exact pathogenetic mechanisms that regulate the local recurrence of these tumors are still to be elucidated. The serine and arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) is an RNA-binding protein whose oncogenic function has been described in numerous forms of human cancers, including brain, lung, and prostate tumors. We evaluated the correlation between SRSF1 immunoexpression and the local recurrence of BCCs. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two cases of surgically excised BCCs with free-tumor margins (10 high-risk and 42 low-risk variants), for which follow-up data were available, were selected. Local recurrence occurred in only 5 cases. Results: We found high and low immunoexpressions of SRSF1 in 18 and 34 cases, respectively. A statistically significant association between high SRSF1 immunoexpression and the local recurrence of BCC was found (p = 0.0433). Conclusions: Our immunohistochemical results suggest an active role of SRSF1 in inducing a local recurrence of BCCs; however, further studies on a larger series are needed to validate our findings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Dermatology)

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11 pages, 486 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Inter-Specialty Controversies on the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases during Pregnancy: A Questionnaire Study

by Dominika Dziadosz, Katarzyna Dudzic, Irmina Morawska, Dominika Topolska, Katarzyna Urban, Katarzyna Mizia-Stec and Łukasz J. Krzych

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010138 - 17 Jan 2022

Viewed by 1698

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Management of cardiovascular disease (CVD) during pregnancy is challenging and usually requires eminence-based decisions due to limited strong-evidence data in this field. The purpose of our study was to compare the attitudes of anaesthesiologists, cardiologists, and gynaecologists towards the [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Management of cardiovascular disease (CVD) during pregnancy is challenging and usually requires eminence-based decisions due to limited strong-evidence data in this field. The purpose of our study was to compare the attitudes of anaesthesiologists, cardiologists, and gynaecologists towards the diagnosis and treatment of potentially life-threatening CVDs during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was performed among 111 doctors (55 anaesthesiologists, 36 cardiologists, 20 gynaecologists). Personal opinions on the recommendations (n = 19) regarding rare, potentially life-threatening CVDs during pregnancy were recorded using a five-item Likert scale. Results: Opinions regarding eight statements (42%) varied substantially between specialties (p < 0.05). The most distinctive differences between physicians concerned the following recommendations: “thrombolysis should only be used in pulmonary embolism with cardiogenic shock” (agree: 52.7% of anaesthesiologists, 80.4% of cardiologists, 25.0% of gynaecologists; p < 0.001); “women with the antiphospholipid syndrome should restart treatment with vitamin K antagonists from the second trimester of pregnancy” (agree: 12.7% of anaesthesiologists, 69.4% of cardiologists, 20.0% of gynaecologists; p < 0.001); “women with symptomatic pulmonary hypertension should have a Swan–Ganz catheter inserted for labour” (agree: 20.0% of anaesthesiologists, 11.1% of cardiologists, 55.0% of gynaecologists; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Physicians’ opinions regarding diagnostics and treatment of CVDs in pregnancy remain controversial. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended to ensure the safety and effectiveness of management in these unique medical conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cardiology)

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12 pages, 861 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Thyroid Gland: A Revision Study on Its Vascularization and Surgical Implications

by Jacopo J. V. Branca, Alfredo Lascialfari Bruschi, Antonino Marcello Pilia, Donatello Carrino, Giulia Guarnieri, Massimo Gulisano, Alessandra Pacini and Ferdinando Paternostro

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010137 - 17 Jan 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3856

Abstract

Background: The “classic” thyroid gland arterial vascularization takes into account two superior thyroid arteries (STA), two inferior thyroid arteries (ITA) and, occasionally, a thyroid ima artery (TIMA). The present review focuses on exploring the available data concerning thyroid gland arterial vascularization and [...] Read more.

Background: The “classic” thyroid gland arterial vascularization takes into account two superior thyroid arteries (STA), two inferior thyroid arteries (ITA) and, occasionally, a thyroid ima artery (TIMA). The present review focuses on exploring the available data concerning thyroid gland arterial vascularization and its variations. Methods: Here, we analysed 49 articles from the last century, ranging from case reports to reviews concerning cadaver dissection classes, surgical intervention, and non-invasive techniques as well. Results: The harvested data clearly highlighted that: (i) the STA originates predominantly from the external carotid artery; (ii) the ITA is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk; and (iii) the TIMA is a very uncommon variant predominantly occurring to compensate for ITA absence. Conclusion: A systematic review of a highly vascularized organ is of great relevance during surgical intervention and, thus, the knowledge of normal anatomy and its modification is essential both for fact-finding and in surgery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Treatment and Management in Surgical Endocrinology)

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3 pages, 265 KiB

Open AccessReply

Reply to Sagliocco, O.; Betelli, M. Comment on “Fierro et al. Severe Hypotension, Bradycardia and Asystole after Sugammadex Administration in an Elderly Patient. Medicina 2021, 57, 79”

by Carmen Fierro, Alessandro Medoro, Donatella Mignogna, Carola Porcile, Silvia Ciampi, Emanuele Foderà, Romeo Flocco, Claudio Russo and Gennaro Martucci

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010136 - 17 Jan 2022

Viewed by 1277

Abstract

We thank Dr. Sagliocco and Dr. Betelli for their comments [...] Full article

15 pages, 2789 KiB

Open AccessReview

Biliary Tree Diagnostics: Advances in Endoscopic Imaging and Tissue Sampling

by Matteo Ghisa, Angelo Bellumat, Manuela De Bona, Flavio Valiante, Marco Tollardo, Gaia Riguccio, Angelo Iacobellis, Edoardo Savarino and Andrea Buda

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010135 - 17 Jan 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2364

Abstract

The diagnostic approach to the biliary tree disorders can be challenging, especially for biliary strictures. Albeit the great diagnostic impact of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) which allows one to obtain fluoroscopic imaging and tissue sampling through brush cytology and/or forceps biopsy, a considerable [...] Read more.

The diagnostic approach to the biliary tree disorders can be challenging, especially for biliary strictures. Albeit the great diagnostic impact of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) which allows one to obtain fluoroscopic imaging and tissue sampling through brush cytology and/or forceps biopsy, a considerable proportion of cases remain indeterminate, leading to the risk of under/over treated patients. In the last two decades, several endoscopic techniques have been introduced in clinical practice, shrinking cases of uncertainties and improving diagnostic accuracy. The aim of this review is to discuss recent advances and emerging technologies applied to the management of biliary tree disorders through peroral endoscopy procedures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biliopancreatic Endoscopy)

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5 pages, 10596 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Duodenal Ulcer with Massive Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage as an Initial Manifestation in Multiple Myeloma with Extramedullary Disease: A Case Report

by Hao-Tse Chiu, Po-Huang Chen, Hao Yen, Chao-Yang Chen, Chih-Wei Yang, Yu-Hong Liu, Wu-Feng Hsieh, Shih-Hao Chou and Ta-Wei Pu

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010134 - 16 Jan 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2705

Abstract

Plasma cell neoplasms are characterized by dysregulated proliferation of mature B cells, which can present with either single (solitary plasmacytoma) or systemic (multiple myeloma (MM)) involvement. MM with extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a rare disease that accounts for approximately 3–5% of all plasmacytomas. [...] Read more.

Plasma cell neoplasms are characterized by dysregulated proliferation of mature B cells, which can present with either single (solitary plasmacytoma) or systemic (multiple myeloma (MM)) involvement. MM with extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a rare disease that accounts for approximately 3–5% of all plasmacytomas. EMP with gastrointestinal (GI) system involvement is an even rarer entity, accounting for <1% of MM cases. We present a case of aggressive MM with EMP invading the duodenum, initially presented with massive upper GI hemorrhage and small bowel obstruction. A 67-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital owing to a lack of either gas or feces passage for 3 days. Abdominal distention and vomit with a high coffee ground content were observed for 24 h. The patient’s condition was initially diagnosed as small bowel obstruction, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, severe anemia, acute renal failure, and hypercalcemia. Furthermore, an analysis of immunoelectrophoresis in the blood, bone marrow aspiration, and tissue biopsy supported the diagnosis of MM and EMP invading the duodenum, upper GI hemorrhage, and small bowel obstruction. Our study provided the possible involvement of MM and EMP in the differential diagnosis of patients with unexplained GI hemorrhage and small bowel obstruction. A thorough review of the literature regarding the association between MM, GI hemorrhage, and small bowel obstruction is presented in this study. Full article

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8 pages, 492 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Longitudinal Cognitive Assessment in Low-Risk Very Preterm Infants

by Domenico M. Romeo, Martina Ricci, Federica Mirra, Ilaria Venezia, Maria Mallardi, Elisa Pede and Eugenio Mercuri

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010133 - 16 Jan 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1834

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Preterm infants are at higher risk of neurodevelopmental impairment both at preschool and school ages, even in the absence of major neurological deficits. The early identification of children at risk is essential for early intervention with rehabilitation to optimize [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Preterm infants are at higher risk of neurodevelopmental impairment both at preschool and school ages, even in the absence of major neurological deficits. The early identification of children at risk is essential for early intervention with rehabilitation to optimize potential outcomes during school years. The aim of our study is to assess cognitive outcomes at preschool age in a cohort of low-risk very preterm infants, previously studied at 12 and 24 months using the Griffiths scales. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six low-risk very preterm infants born at a gestational age of <32 weeks were assessed at 12 and 24 months corrected age using the Griffiths Mental Development Scales (second edition) and at preschool age with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence (third edition) (WPPSI-III). Results: At 12 and 24 months and at preschool age, low-risk very preterm infants showed scores within normal ranges with similar scores in males and females. A statistically significant correlation was observed in the general developmental quotient between 12 and 24 months; a further significant correlation was observed between the early cognitive assessments and those performed at preschool age, with a better correlation using the assessments at 24 months. Conclusion: The present study showed a favourable trajectory of cognitive development in low-risk very preterm infants, from 12 months to preschool age. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Advances in Pediatric Neurology)

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5 pages, 1056 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Bacterial Pericarditis Caused by Penetration of a Migrated Biliary Stent from the Lateral Segment of the Liver: A Case Report

by Hsiao-Yun Chao, Chih-Huang Li and Shou-Yen Chen

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010132 - 15 Jan 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1640

Abstract

Endoscopic biliary stent insertion is a well-established procedure that is indispensable in the management of various benign and malignant biliary disorders, and one that helps prevent mortality related to invasive surgical procedures. We report a rare case of the distal migration of a [...] Read more.

Endoscopic biliary stent insertion is a well-established procedure that is indispensable in the management of various benign and malignant biliary disorders, and one that helps prevent mortality related to invasive surgical procedures. We report a rare case of the distal migration of a biliary stent outside the abdomen to the pericardium, inducing constrictive pericarditis and septic shock. This case alerts clinicians to be aware of potential adverse events that can lead to unfavorable patient outcomes. Such adverse events can be effectively avoided through early detection and intervention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergency Medicine and Emergency Room Medical Issues)

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8 pages, 2684 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Thigh as Unusual Colonoscopic Polypectomy Complication: Review of the Literature with Case Presentation

by Sara Sablone, Elpiniki Lagouvardou, Gerardo Cazzato, Francesco Carravetta, Roberto Maselli, Francesco Merlanti, Davide Fiore Bavaro, Antonio De Donno, Francesco Introna and Onofrio Caputi Iambrenghi

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010131 - 15 Jan 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3146

Abstract

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an infection characterized by necrosis of the superficial muscle fascia and surrounding soft tissues. It usually occurs following skin breaches from penetrating traumas or high-degree burns. Less frequently, it could be related to major abdominal surgery. However, no cases [...] Read more.

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an infection characterized by necrosis of the superficial muscle fascia and surrounding soft tissues. It usually occurs following skin breaches from penetrating traumas or high-degree burns. Less frequently, it could be related to major abdominal surgery. However, no cases of thigh NF after minor abdominal procedures have ever been reported. A previously healthy 59-year-old male patient underwent a colonoscopic polypectomy. After the procedure, the patient developed an increasing right groin pain. The CT scan showed a gas collection in the right retroperitoneum space and in the right thigh soft tissues. Thus, a right colon perforation was hypothesized, and the patient was moved to the nearest surgery department and underwent a right hemicolectomy procedure. During surgery, the right thigh was also incised and drained, with gas and pus leakage. Nevertheless, the right lower limb continued to swell, and signs of systemic infection appeared. Afterward, clinical conditions continued to worsen despite the drainage of the thigh and antibiotic therapy, and the patient died of septic shock after just two days. This case shows that, although rare, lower limb NF should be considered among the causes of early post-operative local painful symptoms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update in Forensic Sciences)

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11 pages, 1131 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Awareness, Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Teledentistry among Dental Practitioners during COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Galvin Sim Siang Lin, Sze Hui Koh, Karyn Zuhuan Ter, Chia Wei Lim, Sharmin Sultana and Wen Wu Tan

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010130 - 15 Jan 2022

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4511

Abstract

Background and Objectives: This systemic review aims to appraise and analyse the awareness, knowledge, attitude, and practice of teledentistry among dental practitioners during COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42021283404). Cross-sectional articles on dental practitioners’ [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: This systemic review aims to appraise and analyse the awareness, knowledge, attitude, and practice of teledentistry among dental practitioners during COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42021283404). Cross-sectional articles on dental practitioners’ perceptions towards teledentistry published between March 2020 and September 2021 were searched in ten online databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, EMBASE, SIGLE, EBSCO, LILACS, and Open Grey). The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool was employed to analyse the risk of bias (RoB) of each article, whereas the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine recommendation tool was used to evaluate the level of evidence. Data were analysed using the DerSimonian–Laird random effect model based on a single-arm approach. Results: Six studies were included and demonstrated Level 3 evidence. A single-arm meta-analysis revealed that dental practitioners had a high level of awareness (70.4%) and attitude (72.5%) towards teledentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic, but their knowledge level (57.9%) was moderate with a poor practice level (35.8%). A substantial heterogeneity was observed with the overall I2 ranging from 90.78% to 98.21%. Furthermore, meta-regression indicated that the sample size of each study had a significant (p < 0.05) impact on the degree of data heterogeneity. Conclusions: Despite their high degree of awareness and attitude, dental practitioners demonstrated moderate knowledge and relatively poor practice of teledentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic. More well-designed studies are warranted to investigate the alternatives for enhancing dental practitioners’ knowledge and practice of teledentistry interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Care and Oral Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic)

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15 pages, 753 KiB

Open AccessReview

Selective IgA Deficiency and Allergy: A Fresh Look to an Old Story

by Bianca Laura Cinicola, Federica Pulvirenti, Martina Capponi, Marta Bonetti, Giulia Brindisi, Alessandra Gori, Giovanna De Castro, Caterina Anania, Marzia Duse and Anna Maria Zicari

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010129 - 15 Jan 2022

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5162

Abstract

Selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) is the most common human primary immune deficiency (PID). It is classified as a humoral PID characterized by isolated deficiency of IgA (less than 7 mg/dL but normal serum IgG and IgM) in subjects greater than 4 years of [...] Read more.

Selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) is the most common human primary immune deficiency (PID). It is classified as a humoral PID characterized by isolated deficiency of IgA (less than 7 mg/dL but normal serum IgG and IgM) in subjects greater than 4 years of age. Intrinsic defects in the maturation of B cells and a perturbation of Th cells and/or cytokine signals have been hypothesized to contribute to SIgAD pathogenesis. The genetic basis of IgA deficiency remains to be clarified. Patients with SIgAD can be either asymptomatic or symptomatic with clinical manifestations including allergy, autoimmunity and recurrent infections mainly of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. Studies analyzing allergy on SIgAD patients showed prevalence up to 84%, supporting in most cases the relationship between sIgAD and allergic disease. However, the prevalence of allergic disorders may be influenced by various factors. Thus, the question of whether allergy is more common in SIgAD patients compared to healthy subjects remains to be defined. Different hypotheses support an increased susceptibility to allergy in subjects with SIgAD. Recurrent infections due to loss of secretory IgA might have a role in the pathogenesis of allergy, and vice versa. Perturbation of microbiota also plays a role. The aim of this review is to examine the association between SIgAD and atopic disease and to update readers on advances over time at this important interface between allergy and SIgAD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Diseases)

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7 pages, 298 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Trichinella spiralis Infection in Blood Donors from Western Romania

by Radu Pavel, Sorin Ursoniu, Ana Alexandra Paduraru, Rodica Lighezan, Maria Alina Lupu and Tudor Rares Olariu

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010128 - 15 Jan 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1844

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Trichinellosis, a serious and sometimes fatal human disease, is a foodborne zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution caused by parasitic nematodes of the genus Trichinella. Humans are infected with Trichinella larvae through the ingestion of meat that has not been [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Trichinellosis, a serious and sometimes fatal human disease, is a foodborne zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution caused by parasitic nematodes of the genus Trichinella. Humans are infected with Trichinella larvae through the ingestion of meat that has not been properly cooked. Romania reported most of the confirmed cases of trichinellosis among the EU countries. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate, for the first time, the seroprevalence and risk factors of Trichinella infection in blood donors from Western Romania. Materials and Methods: Serum samples of 1347 consecutive blood donors were investigated using an immunoenzymaticassay (ELISA) for the determination of specific IgG class antibodies against T.spiralis. A questionnaire interview was used to obtain information regarding the potential risk factors associated with T. spiralis infection. Mantel–Haenszel chi-squared test or the Fisher exact two-tailed test, as appropriate, were used for comparison between T. spiralis positive and T. spiralis negative blood donors. Student’s t-test was used to evaluate differences between means in studied groups and body mass index was calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info Version 7.2 and Stata 16.1. Results: T. spiralis IgG antibodies were detected in 2.00% (27) of 1347 consecutive blood donors. Eating raw and/or undercooked meat, from pigs or wild boars, was found to be the main risk factor (p < 0.001). Strong alcoholic drink consumption was highly associated with T. spiralis infection (p = 0.009). Trichinella seroprevalence was higher among rural residents and males. Subjects identified as Trichinella seropositive were not previously diagnosed and have not been treated for Trichinella infection with any specific therapy. Conclusions: The demonstration of T. spiralis antibodies in healthy blood donors suggests that Trichinella infection may be detected in asymptomatic individuals that were not previously diagnosed with this zoonosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infections and Infectious Diseases: Epidemiology, Mechanisms of Infection and Treatment Options)

7 pages, 987 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Medulloblastoma Presenting as Severe Headache during Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

by Francesca Gabriela Paslaru, Anca Maria Panaitescu, Elena Nestian, George Iancu, Alina Veduta, Alexandru Catalin Paslaru, Lucian Gheorghe Pop and Radu Mircea Gorgan

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010127 - 14 Jan 2022

Viewed by 2080

Abstract

Headache is a common complaint during pregnancy and the puerperium. The differentiation between a benign headache and a headache that has an underlying more endangering cause, such as an intracranial tumor, can be difficult and often requires diagnostic procedures and brain imaging techniques. [...] Read more.

Headache is a common complaint during pregnancy and the puerperium. The differentiation between a benign headache and a headache that has an underlying more endangering cause, such as an intracranial tumor, can be difficult and often requires diagnostic procedures and brain imaging techniques. We report the case of an 18-year-old female patient who developed clinical symptoms—persistent headache followed by neurological deficit—in the last part of her pregnancy. A medulloblastoma (MB) was diagnosed and treated after delivery. We review 11 other cases of MB in pregnancy reported in the literature. The most common clinical manifestation at diagnosis was headache followed by neurological deficits. We discuss the association of brain tumor growth with physiological changes during pregnancy. We conclude that clinical features of intracranial tumors can be misinterpreted as pregnancy-related symptoms and should not be dismissed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Risk Pregnancy)

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11 pages, 629 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comorbidities and Health-Related Quality of Life in Subjects with Spine Osteoarthritis at 50 Years of Age or Older: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

by Seong-Kyu Kim and Jung-Yoon Choe

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010126 - 14 Jan 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2164

Abstract

Background and Objective: This study assessed comorbidities and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in subjects with lumbar spine osteoarthritis (OA) in the Korean population. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 3256 subjects who were 50 years or older and underwent plain radiography of the [...] Read more.

Background and Objective: This study assessed comorbidities and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in subjects with lumbar spine osteoarthritis (OA) in the Korean population. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 3256 subjects who were 50 years or older and underwent plain radiography of the lumbar spine as part of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2012. Radiographic assessment was based on Kellgren–Lawrence (K-L) grade ranging from 0 to 2, with K-L grade 2 defined as lumbar spine OA. HRQOL was assessed by EuroQol-5 dimensions (EQ-5D), which include the EQ-5D index and visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) measurements. Results: Comorbidities such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, angina, cerebral infarction, and diabetes mellitus were more frequent in spine OA than in controls, while dyslipidemia was less common. Subjects with spine OA had higher mean number of comorbid conditions than controls (1.40 (SE 0.05) vs. 1.20 (SE 0.03), p = 0.001). Subjects with spine OA had much lower EQ-5D index than controls (p < 0.001) but not lower EQ-VAS score. Multivariate binary logistic analysis showed that hypertension and colon cancer were associated with spine OA compared to controls (OR 1.219, 95% CI 1.020–1.456, p = 0.030 and OR 0.200, 95% CI 0.079–0.505, p = 0.001, respectively) after adjustment for confounding factors. Lower EQ-5D index was related to spine OA (95% CI 0.256, 95% CI 0.110–0.595, p = 0.002) but not EQ-VAS score. Conclusion: In this study, we found that comorbidities such as hypertension and colon cancer as well as lower HRQOL were associated with spine OA. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Epidemiology & Public Health)

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8 pages, 309 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Information Survey on the Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine

by Marco Paoloni, Francesco Agostini, Sergio Bernasconi, Gianni Bona, Carlo Cisari, Massimo Fioranelli, Marco Invernizzi, Antonello Madeo, Marco Matucci-Cerinic, Alberto Migliore, Nicola Quirino, Carlo Ventura, Roberto Viganò and Andrea Bernetti

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010125 - 14 Jan 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1953

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) are generally considered non-scientific and poor effective therapies. Nevertheless, CAMs are extensively used in common clinical practice in Western countries. We decided to promote a Delphi consensus to intercept the opinion of Italian physicians [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) are generally considered non-scientific and poor effective therapies. Nevertheless, CAMs are extensively used in common clinical practice in Western countries. We decided to promote a Delphi consensus to intercept the opinion of Italian physicians on CAM use in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: We run a Delphi-based consensus, interviewing anonymously 97 physicians. Of these, only 78 participate to the questionnaire. Results: Consensus about agreement and disagreement have been reached in several topics, including indication, as well as safety issues concerning CAMs. Conclusions: The use of CAMs in clinical practice still lacks evidence. Experts agree about the possibility to safely use CAMs in combination with conventional medicines to treat non-critical medical conditions. Full article

13 pages, 2976 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Usefulness of Serial Multiorgan Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Acute Heart Failure: Results from a Prospective Observational Cohort

by Marta Torres-Arrese, Gonzalo García de Casasola-Sánchez, Manuel Méndez-Bailón, Esther Montero-Hernández, Marta Cobo-Marcos, Mercedes Rivas-Lasarte, Luis Caurcel-Díaz, Pablo Rodríguez-Fuertes, Tomas Villén-Villegas and Yale Tung-Chen

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010124 - 14 Jan 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3116

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Acute heart failure (AHF) is a common disease and a cause of high morbidity and mortality, constituting a major health problem. The main purpose of this study was to determine the impact of multiorgan ultrasound in identifying pulmonary hypertension [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Acute heart failure (AHF) is a common disease and a cause of high morbidity and mortality, constituting a major health problem. The main purpose of this study was to determine the impact of multiorgan ultrasound in identifying pulmonary hypertension (PH), a major prognostic factor in patients admitted due to AHF, and assess whether there are significant changes in the venous excess ultrasonography (VE × US) score or femoral vein Doppler at discharge. Materials and Methods: Patients were evaluated with a standard protocol of lung ultrasound, echocardiography, inferior vena cava (IVC) and hepatic, portal, intra-renal and femoral vein Doppler flow patterns at admission and on the day of discharge. Results: Thirty patients were enrolled during November 2021. The mean age was seventy-nine years (Standard Deviation–SD 13.4). Seven patients (23.3%) had a worsening renal function during hospitalization. Regarding ultrasound findings, VE × US score was calculated at admission and at discharge, unexpectedly remaining unchanged or even worsened (21 patients, 70.0%). The area under the curve for the lung score was 83.9% (p = 0.008), obtaining a cutoff value of 10 that showed a sensitivity of 82.6% and a specificity of 71.4% in the identification of intermediate and high PH. It was possible to monitor significant changes between both exams on the lung score (16.5 vs. 9.3; p < 0.001), improvement in the hepatic vein Doppler pattern (2.4 vs. 2.1; p = 0.002), improvement in portal vein Doppler pattern (1.7 vs. 1.4; p = 0.023), without significant changes in the intra-renal vein Doppler pattern (1.70 vs. 1.57; p = 0.293), VE × US score (1.3 vs. 1.1; p = 0.501), femoral vein Doppler pattern (2.4 vs. 2.1; p = 0.161) and IVC collapsibility (2.0 vs. 2.1; p = 0.420). Conclusions: Our study results suggest that performing serial multiorgan Point-of-Care ultrasound can help us to better identify high and intermediate probability of PH patients with AHF. Currently proposed multi-organ, venous Doppler scanning protocols, such as the VE × US score, should be further studied before expanding its use in AHF patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure)

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11 pages, 298 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Risk Factors for Urological Complications Associated with Caesarean Section—A Case-Control Study

by Viorel Dragos Radu, Anda Ioana Pristavu, Angela Vinturache, Pavel Onofrei, Demetra Gabriela Socolov, Alexandru Carauleanu, Lucian Boiculese, Sadyie Ioana Scripcariu and Radu Cristian Costache

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010123 - 14 Jan 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2215

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Acute urologic complications, including bladder and/or ureteric injury, are rare but known events occurring at the time of caesarean section (CS). Delayed or inadequate management is associated with increased morbidity and poor long-term outcomes. We conducted this study to identify [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Acute urologic complications, including bladder and/or ureteric injury, are rare but known events occurring at the time of caesarean section (CS). Delayed or inadequate management is associated with increased morbidity and poor long-term outcomes. We conducted this study to identify the risk factors for urologic injuries at CS in order to inform obstetricians and patients of the risks and allow management planning to mitigate these risks. Materials and Methods: We reviewed all cases of urological injuries that occurred at CS surgeries in a tertiary university centre over a period of four years, from January 2016 to December 2019. To assess the risk factors of urologic injuries, a case-control study of women undergoing caesarean delivery was designed, matched 1:3 to randomly selected women who had an uncomplicated CS. Electronic medical records and operative reports were reviewed for socio-demographic and clinical information. Descriptive and univariate analyses were used to characterize the study population and identify the risk factors for urologic complications. Results: There were 36 patients with urologic complications out of 14,340 CS patients, with an incidence of 0.25%. The patients in the case group were older, had a lower gestational age at time of delivery and their newborns had a lower birth weight. Prior CS was more prevalent among the study group (88.2 vs. 66.7%), as was the incidence of placenta accreta and central praevia. In comparison with the control group, the intraoperative blood loss was higher in the case group, although there was no difference among the two groups regarding the type of surgery (emergency vs. elective), uterine rupture, or other obstetrical indications for CS. Prior CS and caesarean hysterectomy were risk factors for urologic injuries at CS. Conclusions: The major risk factor for urological injuries at the time of CS surgery is prior CS. Among patients with previous CS, those who undergo caesarean hysterectomy for placenta previa central and placenta accreta are at higher risk of surgical haemostasis and complex urologic injuries involving the bladder and the ureters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Risk Pregnancy)

3 pages, 247 KiB

Open AccessComment

Comment on Fierro et al. Severe Hypotension, Bradycardia and Asystole after Sugammadex Administration in an Elderly Patient. Medicina 2021, 57, 79

by Orlando Sagliocco and Mauro Betelli

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010122 - 14 Jan 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1408

Abstract

We read with great interest the case report by Fierro et al. [...] Full article

16 pages, 8329 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Deciphering Respiratory-Virus-Associated Interferon Signaling in COPD Airway Epithelium

by Hong Guo-Parke, Dermot Linden, Sinéad Weldon, Joseph C. Kidney and Clifford C. Taggart

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010121 - 13 Jan 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2548

Abstract

COPD is a chronic lung disorder characterized by a progressive and irreversible airflow obstruction, and persistent pulmonary inflammation. It has become a global epidemic affecting 10% of the population, and is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Respiratory viruses are a primary [...] Read more.

COPD is a chronic lung disorder characterized by a progressive and irreversible airflow obstruction, and persistent pulmonary inflammation. It has become a global epidemic affecting 10% of the population, and is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Respiratory viruses are a primary cause of COPD exacerbations, often leading to secondary bacterial infections in the lower respiratory tract. COPD patients are more susceptible to viral infections and associated severe disease, leading to accelerated lung function deterioration, hospitalization, and an increased risk of mortality. The airway epithelium plays an essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis, and orchestrates the innate and adaptive responses of the lung against inhaled and pathogen insults. A healthy airway epithelium acts as the first line of host defense by maintaining barrier integrity and the mucociliary escalator, secreting an array of inflammatory mediators, and initiating an antiviral state through the interferon (IFN) response. The airway epithelium is a major site of viral infection, and the interaction between respiratory viruses and airway epithelial cells activates host defense mechanisms, resulting in rapid virus clearance. As such, the production of IFNs and the activation of IFN signaling cascades directly contributes to host defense against viral infections and subsequent innate and adaptive immunity. However, the COPD airway epithelium exhibits an altered antiviral response, leading to enhanced susceptibility to severe disease and impaired IFN signaling. Despite decades of research, there is no effective antiviral therapy for COPD patients. Herein, we review current insights into understanding the mechanisms of viral evasion and host IFN antiviral defense signaling impairment in COPD airway epithelium. Understanding how antiviral mechanisms operate in COPD exacerbations will facilitate the discovery of potential therapeutic interventions to reduce COPD hospitalization and disease severity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Respiratory Immune Responses during Infection and Pollution Inhalation)

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17 pages, 6890 KiB

Open AccessReview

Difficult Biliary Stones: A Comprehensive Review of New and Old Lithotripsy Techniques

by Edoardo Troncone, Michelangela Mossa, Pasquale De Vico, Giovanni Monteleone and Giovanna Del Vecchio Blanco

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010120 - 13 Jan 2022

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4809

Abstract

Biliary stones represent the most common indication for therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Many cases are successfully managed with biliary sphincterotomy and stone extraction with balloon or basket catheters. However, more complex conditions secondary to the specific features of stones, the biliary tract, or [...] Read more.

Biliary stones represent the most common indication for therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Many cases are successfully managed with biliary sphincterotomy and stone extraction with balloon or basket catheters. However, more complex conditions secondary to the specific features of stones, the biliary tract, or patient’s needs could make the stone extraction with the standard techniques difficult. Traditionally, mechanical lithotripsy with baskets has been reported as a safe and effective technique to achieve stone clearance. More recently, the increasing use of endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation and the diffusion of single-operator cholangioscopy with laser or electrohydraulic lithotripsy have brought new, safe, and effective therapeutic possibilities to the management of such challenging cases. We here summarize the available evidence about the endoscopic management of difficult common bile duct stones and discuss current indications of different lithotripsy techniques. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biliopancreatic Endoscopy)

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10 pages, 2022 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Algorithms with Area under the Curve for Daily Urinary Estrone-3-Glucuronide and Pregnanediol-3-Glucuronide to Signal the Transition to the Luteal Phase

by Stephen J. Usala, María Elena Alliende and A. Alexandre Trindade

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010119 - 13 Jan 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2079

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Home fertility assessment methods (FAMs) for natural family planning (NFP) have technically evolved with the objective metrics of urinary luteinizing hormone (LH), estrone-3-glucuronide (E3G) and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PDG). Practical and reliable algorithms for timing the phase of cycle based upon [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Home fertility assessment methods (FAMs) for natural family planning (NFP) have technically evolved with the objective metrics of urinary luteinizing hormone (LH), estrone-3-glucuronide (E3G) and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PDG). Practical and reliable algorithms for timing the phase of cycle based upon E3G and PDG levels are mostly unpublished and still lacking. Materials and Methods: A novel formulation to signal the transition to the luteal phase was discovered, tested, and developed with a data set of daily E3G and PDG levels from 25 women, 78 cycles, indexed to putative ovulation (day after the urinary LH surge), Day 0. The algorithm is based upon a daily relative progressive change in the ratio, E3G-AUC/PDG-AUC, where E3G-AUC and PDG-AUC are the area under the curve for E3G and PDG, respectively. To improve accuracy the algorithm incorporated a three-fold cycle-specific increase of PDG. Results: An extended negative change in E3G-AUC/PDG-AUC of at least nine consecutive days provided a strong signal for timing the luteal phase. The algorithm correctly identified the luteal transition interval in 78/78 cycles and predicted the start day of the safe period as: Day + 2 in 10/78 cycles, Day + 3 in 21/78 cycles, Day + 4 in 28/78 cycles, Day + 5 in 15/78 cycles, and Day + 6 in 4/78 cycles. The mean number of safe luteal days with this algorithm was 10.3 ± 1.3 (SD). Conclusions: An algorithm based upon the ratio of the area under the curve for daily E3G and PDG levels along with a relative PDG increase offers another approach to time the phase of cycle. This may have applications for NFP/FAMs and clinical evaluation of ovarian function. Full article

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11 pages, 306 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Risk Factors for Therapeutic Intervention of Remdesivir in Mild to Moderate COVID-19—A Single-Center Retrospective Study of the COVID-19 Fourth Pandemic Period in Wakayama, Japan

by Shinobu Tamura, Takahiro Kaki, Mayako Niwa, Yukiko Yamano, Shintaro Kawai, Yusuke Yamashita, Harumi Tanaka, Yoshinobu Saito, Yoshinori Kajimoto, Yusuke Koizumi, Hiroki Yamaue, Naoyuki Nakao, Takako Nojiri and Masaya Hironishi

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010118 - 13 Jan 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1963

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has increased in Wakayama, Japan, due to the spread of the highly infectious B.1.1.7 variant. Before this event, the medical systems were almost unaffected. We aimed to assess the clinical characteristics of patients [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: The incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has increased in Wakayama, Japan, due to the spread of the highly infectious B.1.1.7 variant. Before this event, the medical systems were almost unaffected. We aimed to assess the clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and the risk factors for therapeutic intervention of remdesivir during the fourth pandemic period in Wakayama, Japan. Materials and Methods: This single-center retrospective study enrolled 185 patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 hospitalized in our hospital without intensive care between 14 March and 31 May 2021. Results: In this period, 125 (67.6%) of the 185 patients had the B.1.1.7 variant. Sixty-three patients (34.1%) required remdesivir treatment. Age upon admission and length of hospitalization were significantly different between remdesivir treatment and careful observation groups (mean (standard deviation); 59.6 (14.7) versus 45.3 (20.6) years; p < 0.001 and median (interquartile range); 10 (9–12) versus 9 (8–10) years; p < 0.001). One patient was transferred to another hospital because of disease progression. At hospital admission, age ≥60 years (odds ratio (OR) 6.90, p < 0.001), a previous history of diabetes mellitus (OR 20.9, p = 0.002), B.1.1.7 variant (OR 5.30; p = 0.005), lower respiratory symptoms (OR 3.13, p = 0.011), headache (OR 3.82, p = 0.011), and fever ≥37.5 °C (OR 4.55, p = 0.001) were independent risk factors to require remdesivir treatment during the admission. Conclusions: Many patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 required the therapeutic intervention of remdesivir during the fourth pandemic period in Wakayama, Japan. From the clinical data obtained at admission, these risk factors could contribute to a prediction regarding the requirement of remdesivir treatment in cases of mild to moderate COVID-19. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic)

9 pages, 453 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prevention of Secondary Lymphedema after Complete Lymph Node Dissection in Melanoma Patients: The Role of Preventive Multiple Lymphatic–Venous Anastomosis in Observational Era

by Eleonora Nacchiero, Michele Maruccia, Fabio Robusto, Rossella Elia, Alessio De Cosmo and Giuseppe Giudice

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010117 - 13 Jan 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1640

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Current guidelines have limited the performance of complete lymph node dissection (CLND) for patients with clinically detectable lymphatic metastases. Despite the limitations of this surgical procedure, secondary lymphedema (SL) is an unsolved problem that affects approximately 20% of patients [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Current guidelines have limited the performance of complete lymph node dissection (CLND) for patients with clinically detectable lymphatic metastases. Despite the limitations of this surgical procedure, secondary lymphedema (SL) is an unsolved problem that affects approximately 20% of patients undergoing CLND. Preventive lymphatic–venous micro-anastomoses (PMLVA) has already demonstrated its efficacy in the prevention of SL in melanoma patients with a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), but the efficacy of this procedure is not demonstrated in patients with clinically detectable lymphatic metastases. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study, was performed in two observation periods. Until March 2018, CLND was proposed to all subjects with positive-SLNB andPMLVA was performed in a subgroup of patients with risk factors for SL (Group 1). From April 2018, according to the modification of melanoma guidelines, all patients with detectable metastatic lymph nodes underwent PMLVA during CLND (Group 2). The frequency of lymphedema in subjects undergoing PMLVA was compared with the control group. Results: Database evaluation revealed 172 patients with melanoma of the trunk with follow-up information for at least 6 mounts. Twenty-three patients underwent PMLVA during CLND until March 2018, 29 from April 2018, and 120 subjects underwent CLND without any preventive surgery (control Group). The frequency of SL was significantly lower in both Group 1 (4.3% vs. 24.2%, p = 0.03) and Group 2 (3.5%, p = 0.01). Patients undergoing PMLVA showed a similar recurrence-free periods and overall survival when compared to the control group. Conclusions: PMLVA significantly reduces the frequency of SL both in immediate and delayed CLND. This procedure is safe and does not lead to an increase in length of hospitalization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vasorum Lymphaticorum: From the Discovery of the Lymphatic System to the New Perspectives in Microsurgical Reconstruction and Patient Rehabilitation)

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6 pages, 536 KiB

Open AccessReview

Management of Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Device during the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Gassan Moady, Tuvia Ben Gal and Shaul Atar

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010116 - 13 Jan 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2078

Abstract

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with multi-organ involvement, including the cardiovascular system. The disease may cause several cardiovascular complications, and may increase morbidity and mortality among patients with background cardiovascular disease. Patients with advanced heart failure are often [...] Read more.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with multi-organ involvement, including the cardiovascular system. The disease may cause several cardiovascular complications, and may increase morbidity and mortality among patients with background cardiovascular disease. Patients with advanced heart failure are often treated with left ventricular assist device (LVAD), and represent a unique population mandating multi-disciplinary approach. Several aspects of COVID-19 should be taken into account in LVAD implants, including right ventricular involvement, hemodynamic alterations, thromboembolic and haemorrhagic complications, and the psychological effects of social isolation. Patients with VAD and suspected COVID-19 should be transferred to specialized centers for better management of complications. Here, we review the implications of COVID-19 pandemic on LVAD patients with our recommendations for appropriate management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heart Failure in the Era of COVID 19)

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12 pages, 3560 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sequential Use of CO₂ Laser Prior to Nd:YAG and Dye Laser in the Management of Non-Facial Warts: A Retrospective Study

by Luigi Bennardo, Gaia Fasano, Federica Tamburi, Elena Zappia, Francesco Rizzuto, Steven Paul Nisticò and Giovanni Cannarozzo

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010115 - 12 Jan 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2782

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Warts are benign lesions of viral etiology characterized by a hyperkeratotic appearance tending to spread across the skin surface. Various treatments have been proposed to manage this condition, such as acids, imiquimod, photodynamic therapy, cryotherapy, and various lasers. Materials [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Warts are benign lesions of viral etiology characterized by a hyperkeratotic appearance tending to spread across the skin surface. Various treatments have been proposed to manage this condition, such as acids, imiquimod, photodynamic therapy, cryotherapy, and various lasers. Materials and Methods: In this paper, we describe a combination protocol using CO₂ laser prior to Nd:YAG laser for lesions interesting the palmoplantar areas or dye laser for lesions on other skin surfaces in the management of non-facial warts resistant to traditional therapies. In total, 34 patients with 103 warts suffering from wart infection resistant to traditional therapies treated from 1 January 2019 to 1 June 2020 were retrospectively enrolled at the Dermatological Unit of Magna Graecia University (Catanzaro, Italy). Two dermatologists measured clinical results, classifying lesions with complete resolution, partial resolution, or non-responding. Patients at four months follow-up were asked to evaluate their degree of satisfaction with a visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Almost all patients reported the complete resolution of lesions, with no patient reporting scarring. Five patients reported hypopigmentation in the treated areas. The mean satisfaction level was high. Only three patients experienced a relapse of the condition. Conclusions: Using a vascular laser following a CO₂ superficial ablation of warts may help reduce the risk of scarring and decrease the incidence of relapses for lesions resistant to traditional therapies. Therefore, more extensive studies will be necessary to confirm the obtained results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lasers, Lights and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery)

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11 pages, 1222 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fluoroscopy-Assisted C1–C2 Posterior Fixation for Atlantoaxial Instability: A Single-Center Case Series of 78 Patients

by Charles Tatter, Alexander Fletcher-Sandersjöö, Oscar Persson, Gustav Burström, Erik Edström and Adrian Elmi-Terander

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010114 - 12 Jan 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1743

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Posterior C1–C2 fixation, with trans-articular screws (TAS) or screw-rod-construct (SRC), is the main surgical technique for atlantoaxial instability, and can be performed with a fluoroscopy-assisted free-handed technique or 3D navigation. This study aimed to evaluate complications, radiological and functional [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Posterior C1–C2 fixation, with trans-articular screws (TAS) or screw-rod-construct (SRC), is the main surgical technique for atlantoaxial instability, and can be performed with a fluoroscopy-assisted free-handed technique or 3D navigation. This study aimed to evaluate complications, radiological and functional outcome in patients treated with a fluoroscopy-assisted technique. Materials and Methods: A single-center consecutive cohort study was conducted of all adult patients who underwent posterior C1–C2 fixation, using TAS or CRS, between 2005–2019. Results: Seventy-eight patients were included, with a median follow-up time of 6.8 years. Trauma was the most common injury mechanism (64%), and cervicalgia the predominant preoperative symptom (88%). TAS was used in 33%, and SRC in 67% of cases. Surgery was associated with a significant reduction in cervicalgia (from 88% to 26%, p < 0.001). The most common complications were vertebral artery injury (n = 2, 2.6%), and screw malposition (n = 5, 6.7%, of which 2 were TAS and 3 were SRC). No patients deteriorated in their functional status following surgery. Conclusions: Fluoroscopy-assisted C1–C2 fixation with TAS or SRC is a safe and effective treatment for atlantoaxial instability, with a low complication rate, few surgical revisions, and pain relief in the majority of the cases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Surgery)

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11 pages, 949 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Implantoplasty Improves Clinical Parameters over a 2-Year Follow-Up: A Case Series

by Orlando Martins, Philipp Sahrmann, João Ramos, Francisco Caramelo, Sérgio Matos and Isabel Poiares Baptista

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010113 - 12 Jan 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2298

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Peri-implantitis treatment is still undefined. Regenerative treatment is expensive and technically demanding due to the need to handle biomaterials, membranes and different methodologies of decontamination. Resective treatment and implantoplasty might be a viable solution. This case series presents a [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Peri-implantitis treatment is still undefined. Regenerative treatment is expensive and technically demanding due to the need to handle biomaterials, membranes and different methodologies of decontamination. Resective treatment and implantoplasty might be a viable solution. This case series presents a 24 month retrospective observational study of 10 peri-implantitis patients treated with implantoplasty. Materials and Methods: In the present case series, 10 peri-implantitis patients (20 implants) were treated with a resective approach and implantoplasty. Previous to implantoplasty, all patients underwent non-surgical treatment. This surgery consisted in a full-thickness flap and implant surface exposure. The exposed non-osseointegrated implant body was submitted to implantoplasty. The flap was apically repositioned and sutured. Patients were accompanied for 24 months. Results: The mean initial probing depth (PD) (PD = 5.37 ± 0.86 mm), bleeding on probing (BoP = 0.12 ± 0.06%) and suppuration (Sup = 0.01 ± 0.01%) decreased significantly at the 12 month evaluation (PD = 2.90 ± 0.39 mm; BoP = 0.01 ± 0.01% and Sup = 0.00 ± 0.00%). Between the 12 and 24 month evaluations, there were no significant clinical changes (PD = 2.85 ± 0.45 mm; BoP = 0.01 ± 0.01% and Sup = 0.00 ± 0.00%). Mucosal recession (MR) had a significant increase between the baseline and the first 12 months (0.69 ± 0.99 mm vs. 1.96 ± 1.33 mm), but there were no significant changes between the 12th and 24th month (1.94 ± 1.48 mm). The success rate was 100% without implant fracture or loss. Conclusions: Resective surgery and implantoplasty might be a valid option in some specific peri-implantitis cases. Properly designed clinical trials are needed to confirm this possibility. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Outcome of Minimally Invasive Techniques in Dentistry)

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8 pages, 753 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prognosis of Subcutaneous Mastectomy for Special Types of Breast Cancer

by Tsuyoshi Nakagawa, Goshi Oda, Hiroki Mori, Noriko Uemura, Iichiro Onishi, Noriko Sagawa, Tomoyuki Fujioka, Mio Mori, Kazunori Kubota, Toshiaki Ishikawa, Kentaro Okamoto and Hiroyuki Uetake

Medicina 2022, 58(1), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010112 - 12 Jan 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2037

Abstract

Background and objectives: In the treatment of the special type of breast cancer (STBC), the choice of chemotherapeutic agents is often based on the characteristic features of the histological type. On the other hand, the surgical strategy is usually determined by the tumor [...] Read more.

Background and objectives: In the treatment of the special type of breast cancer (STBC), the choice of chemotherapeutic agents is often based on the characteristic features of the histological type. On the other hand, the surgical strategy is usually determined by the tumor size and presence of lymph node metastasis, and the indication for immediate reconstruction is rarely discussed based on the histological type. The prognoses of STBC and invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast (IDC) patients who underwent subcutaneous mastectomy (SCM) with immediate reconstruction at our institution were compared. Materials and Methods: A total of 254 patients with SCM with immediate reconstruction from 1998 to 2018 were included; their tumor diameter or induration was less than 25 mm, and it was not in close proximity to the skin. Preoperative chemotherapy and non-invasive cancer cases were excluded. Results: The number of patients was 166 for skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) and 88 for nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM). The reconstructive techniques were deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap (DIEP) reconstruction in 43 cases, latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction (LDflap) in 63 cases, tissue expander (TE) in 117 cases, and transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap/vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap (TRAM/VRAM) reconstruction in 31 cases. The histological types of breast cancer were 211 IDC and 43 STBC; 17 were mucinous carcinoma (MUC), 17 were invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), 6 were apocrine carcinoma, 1 was tubular carcinoma, and 2 were invasive micropapillary carcinoma. There was no difference in local recurrence or disease-free survival (LRFS, DFS) between IDC and STBC, and overall survival (OS) was significantly longer in STBC. OS was better in the STBC group because SCM with immediate reconstruction was performed for STBC, which is a histological type with a relatively good prognosis. Highly malignant histological types, such as squamous cell carcinoma or metaplastic carcinoma, were totally absent in this study. Conclusions: The indications for SCM with immediate reconstruction for relatively common STBCs such as MUC and ILC can be the same as for IDC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Surgery)

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