Medicina

12 pages, 1449 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Migraine without Aura and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Young Females: Is Gut Microbiota to Blame?

by Doina Georgescu, Mircea Stefan Iurciuc, Ioana Ionita, Simona Dragan, Mihaela Muntean, Oana Elena Ancusa, Daniela Reisz, Mihai Ionita and Daniel Lighezan

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 786; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120786 - 16 Dec 2019

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2946

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Migraine with aura (MA) could be considered a risk factor for developing atherosclerosis and cardio-vascular events. However, less is known about the relation between migraine without aura (MWA) and atherosclerosis. Our study aimed to assess whether young female migraineurs, with [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Migraine with aura (MA) could be considered a risk factor for developing atherosclerosis and cardio-vascular events. However, less is known about the relation between migraine without aura (MWA) and atherosclerosis. Our study aimed to assess whether young female migraineurs, with alterations of gut microbiota could associate early atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods: We conducted an exploratory cross-sectional, pilot study concerning 105 consecutive young females having MWA, with recent normal brain scans, that were free of cardio-vascular risk factors, non-smokers, not on oral contraception, not pregnant, and without thyroid or parathyroid diseases, chronic organ failure, cancer, or on probiotic or antibiotic treatment. Consecutive to assessment of gut microbiota, patients were assigned to two groups: dysbiosis positive (n = 45) and dysbiosis negative (n = 60). All study participants underwent clinical examinations with an assessment of migraine severity, body mass index and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), as well as laboratory workups. Statistical analysis was performed using a chi-squared test (χ²), a two-tailed t-test and a nonparametric Spearman’s correlation test. Results: The dysbiosis positive migraineurs showed a significant increase in CIMT along with several anthropometrical, biological and clinical particularities. Significant positive correlations between dysbiosis and CIMT, glycosylated hemoglobin, migraine severity and duration, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and body mass index were found. Conclusions: Young female migraineurs with significant alterations of gut microbiota experienced early signs of atherosclerosis and displayed severe migraine disability, as well as multiple biological and clinical particularities. Full article

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8 pages, 2809 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nanomedicine: Insights from a Bibliometrics-Based Analysis of Emerging Publishing and Research Trends

by Nicola Luigi Bragazzi

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 785; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120785 - 15 Dec 2019

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3182

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Nanomedicine, a term coined by the American engineer Eric Drexler (1955) and Robert Freitas Jr. (1952) in the nineties, can be defined as a complex, multi-disciplinary branch of medicine, in which nano-technologies, molecular biotechnologies, and other nano-sciences are applied at [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Nanomedicine, a term coined by the American engineer Eric Drexler (1955) and Robert Freitas Jr. (1952) in the nineties, can be defined as a complex, multi-disciplinary branch of medicine, in which nano-technologies, molecular biotechnologies, and other nano-sciences are applied at every step of disease management, from diagnosis (nano-diagnostics) to treatment (nano-therapeutics), prognosis, and monitoring of biological parameters and biomarkers. Nanomedicine is a relatively young discipline, which is increasingly and exponentially growing, characterized by emerging ethical issues and implications. Nanomedicine has branched out in hundreds of different sub-fields. Materials and Methods: A bibliometrics-based analysis was applied mining the entire content of PubMed/MEDLINE, using “nanomedicine” as a Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) search term. Results: A sample of 6696 articles were extracted from PubMed/MEDLINE and analyzed. Articles had been published in the period from 2003 to 2019, showing an increasing trend throughout the time. Six thematic clusters emerged (first cluster: molecular methods; second cluster: molecular biology and nano-characterization; third cluster: nano-diagnostics and nano-theranostics; fourth cluster: clinical applications, in the sub-fields of nano-oncology, nano-immunology and nano-vaccinology; fifth cluster: clinical applications, in the sub-fields of nano-oncology and nano-infectiology; and sixth cluster: nanodrugs). The countries with the highest percentages of articles in the field of nanomedicine were the North America (38.3%) and Europe (35.1%). Conclusions: The present study showed that there is an increasing trend in publishing and performing research in the super-specialty of nanomedicine. Most productive countries were the USA and European countries, with China as an emerging region. Hot topics in the last years were nano-diagnostics and nano-theranostics and clinical applications in the sub-fields of nano-oncology and nano-infectiology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano-Biosciences in the Field of Health-Care)

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11 pages, 330 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Sclerostin and Interleukin 6 Levels and Selected Anthropometric Parameters in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis Replacement Therapy—Pilot Study

by Agnieszka Turon-Skrzypinska, Grazyna Dutkiewicz, Malgorzata Marchelek-Mysliwiec, Violetta Dziedziejko, Kazimierz Ciechanowski, Aleksandra Ryl and Iwona Rotter

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 784; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120784 - 15 Dec 2019

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1990

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important public health problem associated with, e.g., progressive renal insufficiency, bone mineral disorders, and increased inflammatory marker levels. The objective of this study was to compare selected biochemical parameters and to evaluate potential [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important public health problem associated with, e.g., progressive renal insufficiency, bone mineral disorders, and increased inflammatory marker levels. The objective of this study was to compare selected biochemical parameters and to evaluate potential correlations between selected anthropometric parameters and levels of sclerostin and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in blood plasma. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 34 patients aged 59.8 ± 9.8 years, receiving hemodialysis therapy. The control group consisted of 31 individuals aged 55.4 ± 9.37 years, presenting with GFR (glomerular filtration rate) of more than 60 mL/min/1.73 m². Selected anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed at baseline, as well as 3 and 6 months into the study. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistica 2014 software package (StatSoft, Inc.Tulsa, OK, USA). Analyses included descriptive statistics, intergroup comparisons using the Mann-Whitney U-test or the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman’s correlation analysis. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.005. Results: At all measurement time points, i.e., at baseline, at month 3, and at month 6, the IL-6 levels in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group. No correlations were observed in the study group between SCL or IL-6 levels and anthropometric parameters such as body weight, body mass index (BMI), or waist circumference. Conclusions: Patients receiving hemodialysis replacement therapy present with significantly higher levels of IL-6 in their blood. Anthropometric parameters (body weight, BMI, and waist circumference) have no impact on sclerostin and IL-6 levels in patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy. The results obtained are satisfactory, and the research will be continued. Full article

11 pages, 1224 KiB

Open AccessReview

Policies and Challenges on the Distribution of Specialists and Subspecialists in Rural Areas of Iran

by Seyed Masoud Mirmoeini, Seyed Sina Marashi Shooshtari, Gopi Battineni, Francesco Amenta and Seyed Khosrow Tayebati

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 783; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120783 - 13 Dec 2019

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2129

Abstract

Background and objectives: Having fair access to medical services may probably be a standard feature and indisputable right of all health policies. The health policy of Iran enunciates this right. Unfortunately, as may happen in many countries, the execution of this policy depends [...] Read more.

Background and objectives: Having fair access to medical services may probably be a standard feature and indisputable right of all health policies. The health policy of Iran enunciates this right. Unfortunately, as may happen in many countries, the execution of this policy depends on different factors. Among these parameters, the suitable distribution of professionals, hospitals, and medical facilities should be quoted. On the other hand, in Iran, there are many other problems linked to accessing areas with natural hindrances. Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed and CINAHL libraries, specifically studies from 2010 to 2019. A Boolean operated medical subject headings (MeSH) term was used for the search. Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) scoring was adopted to assess the quality of each study. Results: A total of 118 studies were displayed, and among them, 102 were excluded due to duplication and study relevance. Study selection was made based on content classified into two groups: (1) shortage and unsuitable distribution of specialist and subspecialist physicians in Iran and (2) studies that explained the status of degradation in different areas of Iran. Outcomes demonstrated that Iran is generally suffering a shortage and unsuitable distribution of specialists and subspecialists. This lack is particularly crucial in deprived and areas far away from the cities. Conclusions: The present study analyzed in detail research studies regarding policies and challenges that reflect on the provision of specialists and subspecialists in Iranian rural areas Full article

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8 pages, 606 KiB

Open AccessReview

Cytomegalovirus Seropositivity and Suicidal Behavior: A Mini-Review

by Marco Paolini, David Lester, Michael Hawkins, Ameth Hawkins-Villarreal, Denise Erbuto, Andrea Fiorillo and Maurizio Pompili

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 782; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120782 - 12 Dec 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2082

Abstract

Background and objectives: In recent years, a growing body of research has focused on identifying possible biological markers for suicidal behavior, including infective and immunological markers. In this paper, our aim was to review available evidence concerning the association between cytomegalovirus (CMV) [...] Read more.

Background and objectives: In recent years, a growing body of research has focused on identifying possible biological markers for suicidal behavior, including infective and immunological markers. In this paper, our aim was to review available evidence concerning the association between cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and suicide. Materials and Methods: A systematic search according to the PRISMA statement was performed on Pubmed. After the screening procedure, we identified five relevant papers. Results: We found inconsistent evidence linking CMV infection and suicide, with some papers reporting an association between CMV seropositivity and suicidal behavior, and others not finding the association. Conclusions: With the evidence available presently, it is not possible to infer whether there is a correlation between suicide and CMV infection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventing Suicide in Patients with Mental Disorders)

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13 pages, 2413 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Retrospective Study on the Clinical Superiority of the Vacuum-Assisted Closure System with a Silicon-Based Dressing over the Conventional Tie-over Bolster Technique in Skin Graft Fixation

by Ping-Ruey Chou, Sheng-Hua Wu, Meng-Chien Hsieh and Shu-Hung Huang

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 781; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120781 - 12 Dec 2019

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5569

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The tie-over bolster technique has been conventionally used for skin graft fixation; however, long operative times and postoperative pain are the main disadvantages of this method. In this study, we introduce a new method using vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) with [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: The tie-over bolster technique has been conventionally used for skin graft fixation; however, long operative times and postoperative pain are the main disadvantages of this method. In this study, we introduce a new method using vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) with a silicon-based dressing as an alternative for skin graft fixation. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical effect of the VAC plus silicon-based dressing method and the conventional tie-over bolster technique for skin graft fixation in terms of pain, operative time, and skin graft take rate. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients who underwent skin graft surgery performed by a single surgeon from January 2017 to October 2018 were included in this clinical study. They were divided into two groups based on the type of treatment: tie-over bolster technique and vacuum-assisted closure (VAC), or silicon-based dressing groups. The operative times were recorded twice (during suturing or stapling of the graft and during removal of the dressing) in the two groups; similarly, pain was assessed using a numeric rating scale (NRS) after surgery and during dressing removal. Skin graft take rate was evaluated two weeks after dressing removal. Results: Twenty-six patients who met the eligibility criteria were enrolled into the study and assigned to one of the two groups (n = 13 each). No significant differences in age, gender, and graft area were noted between the two groups of patients. The VAC plus silicon-based dressing group demonstrated higher skin graft take rates (p < 0.05), shorter operation times (p < 0.05), and lower levels of pain (postoperative pain and pain during dressing removal) compared with the tie-over bolster technique group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings indicate that VAC with silicon-based dressing can be used for skin graft fixation due to its superior properties when compared with the conventional method, and can improve the quality of life of patients undergoing skin graft fixation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery of the Extremities)

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6 pages, 601 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Single-Center Study of Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix over a 10-Year Period

by Angel Yordanov, Martin Karamanliev, Milena Karcheva, Assia Konsoulova, Mariela Vasileva-Slaveva and Strahil Strashilov

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 780; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120780 - 09 Dec 2019

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2228

Abstract

Background and objectives: Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is a histological type of malignant tumor arising from the uncontrolled mitosis of transformed cells originating in epithelial tissue. It is a rare subtype of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. There are significant differences in [...] Read more.

Background and objectives: Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is a histological type of malignant tumor arising from the uncontrolled mitosis of transformed cells originating in epithelial tissue. It is a rare subtype of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. There are significant differences in frequency, mean age, viral status, and outcomes in Asian or Caucasian patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of all cases of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the cervix at the Clinic of Oncogynecology, University Hospital, Pleven, Bulgaria between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2016 was performed. All patients were followed-up till March 2019. We analyzed some clinical characteristics of the patients, calculated the frequency of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the cervix from all patients with stage I cervical cancer, and looked at the overall survival rate, the 5-year survival rate, and the correlation between overall survival, lymph node status, and the size of the tumor. Results: The frequency of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma was 3.3% for all cases with cervical carcinoma at stage I. The mean age of the patients with LELC was 49.6 years (range 32–67). Fourteen patients (82.4%) were in the FIGO IB1 stage, three patients (17.6%) were in the FIGO IB2 stage. Lymph nodes were metastatic in three patients (17.6%), non-metastatic in 13 patients (76.5%), and unknown in one patient. The overall survival rate was 76.47% for the study period and the 5-year survival rate of the patients that were followed-up until the 5th year (14 patients) was 69.23%. Conclusions: Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is a rare SCC subtype, but it could be more frequent among western patients than previously thought. Our results do not confirm the data showing low risk of lymph metastasis and good prognosis of LELC, which is why we think that the treatment in these cases has to be more aggressive than is reported in the literature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Obstetrics and Gynecology)

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14 pages, 7164 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Spectrographic Analysis of the Newborns’ Cry in the Presence of Tight Intrapartum Nuchal Cord vs. Normal Using the Neonat App. Preliminary Results

by Ileana Enatescu, Adrian Gluhovschi, Alexandra Nyiredi, Emil-Radu Iacob, Daniela Iacob, Mirabela A. Dima, Manuela M. Popescu and Virgil-Radu Enatescu

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 779; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120779 - 09 Dec 2019

Viewed by 1705

Abstract

Background and objectives: The objective of this study was to contribute to the evaluation of the newborn (NB) cry as a means of communication and diagnosis. Materials and Methods: The study implied the recording of the spontaneous cry of 101 NBs [...] Read more.

Background and objectives: The objective of this study was to contribute to the evaluation of the newborn (NB) cry as a means of communication and diagnosis. Materials and Methods: The study implied the recording of the spontaneous cry of 101 NBs with no intrapartum events (control sample), and of 72 NBs with nuchal cord (study sample) from the “Bega” University Clinic of Obstetrics–Gynecology and Neonatology of Timisoara, Romania. The sound analysis was based upon: Imagistic highlighting methods, descriptive statistics, and data mining techniques. Results: The differences between the cry of NBs with no intrapartum events and that of NBs affected by nuchal cord are statistically significant regarding the volume unit meter (VUM) (p = 0.0021) and the peak point meter (PPM) (p = 0.041). Conclusions: While clinically there are no differences between the two groups, the cry recorded from the study group (nuchal cord group) shows distinctive characteristics compared to the cry recorded from the control group (eventless intrapartum NBs group). Full article

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3 pages, 242 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Conscious Sedation in Dentistry

by Luca Fiorillo

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 778; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120778 - 07 Dec 2019

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5501

Abstract

Invasive dental procedures can be performed only with local anesthesia; in some cases, it may be useful to combine the administration of drugs to obtain anxiolysis with local anesthesia. Sedation required level should be individually adjusted to achieve a proper balance between the [...] Read more.

Invasive dental procedures can be performed only with local anesthesia; in some cases, it may be useful to combine the administration of drugs to obtain anxiolysis with local anesthesia. Sedation required level should be individually adjusted to achieve a proper balance between the needs of the patient, the operator, and the safety of the procedure. Surgical time is an important factor for post-operative phases, and this could be greatly increased by whether the patient interrupts the surgeon or if it is not collaborative. In this manuscript some dentistry-used methods to practice conscious sedation have been evaluated. This manuscript could be a useful reading on the current state of conscious sedation in dentistry and an important starting point for future perspectives. Surely the search for safer drugs for our patients could have beneficial effects for them and for the clinicians. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health: Economic and Psychological–Behavioral Implications)

12 pages, 6941 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ethyl Rosmarinate Prevents the Impairment of Vascular Function and Morphological Changes in L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rats

by Rungusa Pantan, Jiraporn Tocharus, Archawin Nakaew, Apichart Suksamrarn and Chainarong Tocharus

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 777; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120777 - 07 Dec 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2263

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The potent, endothelium-independent, vasorelaxant effect of ethyl rosmarinate, an ester derivative of rosmarinic acid, makes it of interest as an alternative therapeutic agent for use in hypertension. This study was designed to investigate the effect of ethyl rosmarinate on N [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: The potent, endothelium-independent, vasorelaxant effect of ethyl rosmarinate, an ester derivative of rosmarinic acid, makes it of interest as an alternative therapeutic agent for use in hypertension. This study was designed to investigate the effect of ethyl rosmarinate on N^ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. Materials and Methods: L-NAME was given orally to male Wistar rats for 6 weeks to induce hypertension concurrently with treatment of ethyl rosmarinate at 5, 15, or 30 mg/kgor enalapril at 10 mg/kg Systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate, and body weight of all experimental groups were recorded weekly, while the vascular sensitivity and histological changes of the aorta were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Results: For all treatment groups, the data indicated that ethyl rosmarinate significantly attenuated the SBP in hypertensive rats induced by L-NAME, with no significant differences in heart rate and body weight. In addition, the response of vascular sensitivity to acetylcholine (ACh) was improved but there was no significant difference in the response to sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Furthermore, the sensitivity of the aorta to phenylephrine (PE) was significantly decreased. The thickness of the aortic wall did not differ between groups but the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was increased in ethyl rosmarinate- and enalapril-treated groups compared with the hypertensive group. Conclusions: Ethyl rosmarinate is an interesting candidate as an alternative treatment for hypertension due to its ability to improve vascular function and to increase the expression of eNOS similar to enalapril which is a drug commonly used in hypertension. Full article

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10 pages, 1900 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preliminary Biochemical Description of Brain Oxidative Stress Status in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Contention-Stress Rat Model

by Ioana-Miruna Balmus, Radu Lefter, Alin Ciobica, Sabina Cojocaru, Samson Guenne, Daniel Timofte, Carol Stanciu, Anca Trifan and Luminita Hritcu

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 776; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120776 - 06 Dec 2019

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2546

Abstract

Background and objectives: Oxidative stress and inflammation have been implicated in the etiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common gastrointestinal functional disease. This study aimed to further characterize the contention-stress rat model by exploring a possible correlation between oxidative stress markers measured [...] Read more.

Background and objectives: Oxidative stress and inflammation have been implicated in the etiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common gastrointestinal functional disease. This study aimed to further characterize the contention-stress rat model by exploring a possible correlation between oxidative stress markers measured in brain tissues with behavioral components of the aforementioned model. Thus, it is hereby proposed a possible IBS animal model relevant to pharmacological and complementary medicine studies. Materials and Methods: Wild-type male Wistar rats (n = 5/group) were chronically exposed to 6-hour/day contention, consisting of isolating the animals in small, vital space-granting plastic devices, for seven consecutive days. Following contention exposure, temporal lobes were extracted and subjected to biochemical analyses to assess oxidative stress-status parameters. Results: Our results show increased brain oxidative stress in contention-stress rat model: decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and increased malondialdehyde production in the IBS group, as compared to the control group. Furthermore, the biochemical ratios which are used to evaluate the effectiveness of an antioxidant system on oxidative stress could be described in this model. Conclusions: The correlations between the behavioral patterns and biochemical oxidative stress features could suggest that this may be a complex model, which can successfully mimic IBS symptomatology further providing evidence of a strong connection between the digestive system, enteric nervous system, and the central nervous system. Full article

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9 pages, 501 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Primary Duodenogastric Bile Reflux on the Presence and Density of Helicobacter pylori and on Gastritis in Childhood

by Mehmet Agin and Yusuf Kayar

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 775; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120775 - 05 Dec 2019

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2752

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Although there are many studies that investigate the relationship between duodenogastric reflux (DGR) and Helicobacter pylori in adult patients, the reported data are contradictory. In addition, there are very few studies in the literature investigating the relationship between DGR and [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Although there are many studies that investigate the relationship between duodenogastric reflux (DGR) and Helicobacter pylori in adult patients, the reported data are contradictory. In addition, there are very few studies in the literature investigating the relationship between DGR and H. pylori in the pediatric age group. In the present study, we investigated the effect of primary DGR on H. pylori and gastritis. Materials and Methods: A total of 361 patients who were referred to the clinic of our hospital with dyspeptic complaints who had an upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy and a gastric biopsy were included in the study. Results: DGR was detected in 45 cases, and 316 cases that did not have DGR were considered as the control group. Comparisons were made between the DGR cases and the control group in terms of risk factors (age, gender), the presence and density of H. pylori, and the presence and severity of gastritis. The average age of the patients who were included in the study was 11.6 ± 4.6 years. A total of 128 (36%) of the cases were male and 233 (64%) were female. DGR was present in 45 (13%) of the cases. The average age of the patients with DGR was 13.9 ± 3.1 years, the average age of the control group was 11.3 ± 4.7, and there were statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). No significant differences were detected in terms of gender between DGR and the control group (p > 0.05). H. pylori (+) was detected in 29 (64%) of patients with DGR, and in 202 (64%) of the control group. No significant differences were detected between H. pylori prevalence (p = 0.947). Gastritis was detected in 37 (82%) of the patients with DGR, and in 245 (77%) of the control group (p = 0.476). No significant differences were detected between the presence and density of H. pylori, gastritis presence, severity and DGR (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The ages of patients with DGR were significantly higher than in the control group, and advanced age was shown to be a risk factor for primary DGR. It was found that the presence of DGR has no effect on the presence and severity of H. pylori. Given this situation, we consider it is important to eradicate H. pylori infection, especially in the case where H. pylori is present together with DGR. Full article

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7 pages, 1080 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Presence of B19V in Patients with Thyroid Gland Disorders

by Sabine Gravelsina, Zaiga Nora-Krukle, Simons Svirskis, Egils Cunskis and Modra Murovska

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 774; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120774 - 04 Dec 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1924

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Viral infections are frequently cited as a major environmental factor implicated in thyroid gland diseases. This work aimed to estimate the presence of B19V infection in patients with thyroid gland disorders. Materials and Methods: Thyroid gland tissue and blood samples [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Viral infections are frequently cited as a major environmental factor implicated in thyroid gland diseases. This work aimed to estimate the presence of B19V infection in patients with thyroid gland disorders. Materials and Methods: Thyroid gland tissue and blood samples of 50 patients with autoimmune thyroid gland diseases (AITDs), 76 patients with non-autoimmune thyroid gland diseases (non-AITDs), and 35 deceased subjects whose histories did not show any autoimmune or thyroid diseases (control group) were enrolled in the study. Virus-specific IgM and IgG were detected using ELISA, and the presence and viral load of B19V in the tissue and blood were detected using PCRs. Results: B19V IgG antibodies were detected in 35/50 AITDs patients and in 51/76 non-AITDs patients, and B19V IgM antibodies were detected in 1/50 patients with AITDs and in none of the 76 patients with non-AITDs. The B19V NS sequence was found in the tissue DNA of 10/50 patients with AITDs, in 30/76 with non-AITDs, and in 1/35 control group individuals. The median B19V load in the tissue of patients with AITDs and non-AITDs was 423.00 copies/µg DNA (IQR: 22.50–756.8) and 43.00 copies/µg DNA (IQR: 11.50–826.5), respectively. The viral load in one of the 35 nPCR B19V-positive thyroid tissue samples from the deceased subjects was 13.82 copies/µg DNA. The viral load in the tissue of patients with AITDs was higher than in whole blood, which possibly indicates B19V persistency in thyrocytes (p = 0.0076). Conclusion: The fact that the genoprevalence of B19V NS was significantly higher in patients with non-AITDs compared to the control group and in the thyroid gland tissue of patients with AITDs, and that the non-AITDs viral load was higher than in tissue derived from the control group individuals, suggest the possibility that B19V infection could be involved in the development of thyroid gland diseases. Full article

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10 pages, 2267 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Functional Mobility and Basic Motor Skills in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Its Relation to the Anthropometrical Status and Body Composition Parameters

by Edyta Matusik, Aldona Augustak and Jacek Durmala

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 773; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120773 - 04 Dec 2019

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2326

Abstract

Background and objectives: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have many potential risk factors (spasticity, immobilization, glucocorticoids use) which can deteriorate the anthropometrical status and body composition and may have a potential negative impact on functional mobility and basic motor skill improvement after [...] Read more.

Background and objectives: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have many potential risk factors (spasticity, immobilization, glucocorticoids use) which can deteriorate the anthropometrical status and body composition and may have a potential negative impact on functional mobility and basic motor skill improvement after physiotherapy. The aim of the study was to assess the functional mobility and basic motor skills in patients with MS and to correlate them with disability and anthropometrical status and body composition parameters. Materials and Methods: Timed Up-and-Go Test (TUG) and six-min walk test (6MWT) were performed in 36 patients with MS before and after 4 weeks of physiotherapy. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (W/HtR), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were assessed in this group. Body composition was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and fat mass (FAT), fat free mass (FFM), total body water (TBW), and predicted muscle mass (PMM) were expressed as percentage of body mass. Clinical status was assessed by Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and Ambulatory Index (AI) scales. Results: After physiotherapy, there was a significant improvement in functional mobility and basic motor skills assessed by total distance in 6MWT (p < 0.001) and in TUG trials (p < 0.001). Positive significant correlations were found between the results obtained in both tests (either before and after physiotherapy) vs. FFM, TBW, and PMM, whilst worse results in functional mobility and basic motor skills correlated significantly with higher WHtR, WHR, and FAT (p < 0.05). Clinical status (EDSS) was significantly related to the WHtR and body composition parameters with the same manner as the results in the either 6MWT and TUG. However, there were no significant relationships between BMI vs. either clinical status (EDSS, AI) or functional mobility tests results in patients with MS. Conclusions: Functional mobility and basic motor skills may be significantly improved during physiotherapy, but they are related to the anthropometrical status and body composition of MS patients. Moreover, disability status is also significantly related to these parameters. Body composition deterioration seems to be the important target for the therapeutic intervention in MS patients. For proper nutritional status assessment in patients with MS, body composition analysis or WHtR instead BMI should to be used. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity and Chronic Diseases)

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10 pages, 298 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychometric Properties of the World Health Organization’s Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) Questionnaire in Medical Students

by Irena Ilić, Sandra Šipetić-Grujičić, Jovan Grujičić, Ivana Živanović Mačužić, Sanja Kocić and Milena Ilić

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 772; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120772 - 04 Dec 2019

Cited by 36 | Viewed by 4318

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Studies on the effects of studying on a medical student’s quality of life are sparse. The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire is a widely used scale that enables the assessment and international comparisons of the quality of [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Studies on the effects of studying on a medical student’s quality of life are sparse. The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire is a widely used scale that enables the assessment and international comparisons of the quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate psychometric properties of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire among Serbian medical students. Material and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study that involved 760 medical students at a state medical faculty at the University of Kragujevac, Serbia. The reliability of the WHOQOL-BREF was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and test–retest analysis, and the validity was examined using principal component analysis, with Promax rotation method. Results: Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the whole WHOQOL-BREF scale was 0.896. Internal reliability for all domains was above 0.70, except for the domain “Social Relationships” (0.533). The test–retest reliability for all domains was significant at p < 0.01 level, showing good stability of the scale. Principal component analysis with Promax rotation method indicated four main components that explained 49.5% of variance. Conclusion: The Serbian version of the WHOQOL-BREF scale showed satisfactory psychometric properties that facilitate estimation of the quality of life of medical students. Full article

8 pages, 3328 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Laparoscopic Management of Initially Unrecognized Splenic Hydatid Cysts: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

by Vladimir Milosavljevic, Milan Veselinovic, Boris Tadic, Danijel Galun, Miljan Ceranic, Dragan Eric and Milos Bjelovic

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 771; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120771 - 03 Dec 2019

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2739

Abstract

We present a case report that demonstrates diagnostic and intraoperative challenges in the laparoscopic management of initially unrecognized splenic hydatid disease. A male patient, aged 44, was admitted to our department with a big unilocular splenic cyst, radiologically (ultrasonography, computed tomography) characterized as [...] Read more.

We present a case report that demonstrates diagnostic and intraoperative challenges in the laparoscopic management of initially unrecognized splenic hydatid disease. A male patient, aged 44, was admitted to our department with a big unilocular splenic cyst, radiologically (ultrasonography, computed tomography) characterized as a simple cyst. Serological tests for anti-Echonococcus antibody were negative, and chests X-ray findings were unremarkable, so laparoscopic cyst fenestration with omentoplasty was planned. The intraoperative finding did not correspond to a simple splenic cyst. Hydatid daughter cysts were recognized after the careful opening of the cyst wall. The operation was completed without shifting to open procedures. Laparoscopic partial pericystectomy with omentoplasty is a safe and effective surgical procedure for the management of splenic hydatid disease. Full article

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15 pages, 345 KiB

Open AccessDiscussion

Clinical Nutrition of Critically Ill Patients in the Context of the Latest ESPEN Guidelines

by Aleksandra Gostyńska, Maciej Stawny, Katarzyna Dettlaff and Anna Jelińska

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 770; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120770 - 02 Dec 2019

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4441

Abstract

The group of patients most frequently in need of nutritional support are intensive care patients. This year (i.e., 2019), new European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) guidelines of clinical nutrition in intensive care were published, updating and gathering current knowledge on [...] Read more.

The group of patients most frequently in need of nutritional support are intensive care patients. This year (i.e., 2019), new European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) guidelines of clinical nutrition in intensive care were published, updating and gathering current knowledge on the subject of this group of patients. Planning the right nutritional intervention is often a challenging task involving the necessity of the choice of the enteral nutrition (EN) or parenteral nutrition (PN) route of administration, time of initiation, energy demand, amino acid content and demand as well as the use of immunomodulatory nutrition. The aim of this study was to specify and discuss the basic aspects of the clinical nutrition of critically ill patients recommended by ESPEN guidelines. Clinical nutrition in intensive care seems to be the best-studied type of nutritional intervention. However, meta-analyses and clinical studies comparing EN and PN and their impact on the prognosis of the intensive care patients showed ambiguous results. The nutritional interventions, starting with EN, should be initiated within 24–48 h whereas PN, if recommended, should be implemented within 3–7 days. The recommended method of calculation of the energy demand is indirect calorimetry, however, there are also validated equations used worldwide in everyday practice. The recommended protein intake in this group of patients and the results of insufficient or too high supply was addressed. In light of the concept of immunomodulatory nutrition, the use of appropriate amino acid solutions and lipid emulsion that can bring a positive effect on the modulation of the immune response was discussed. Full article

19 pages, 2568 KiB

Open AccessReview

Effect of 2% Chlorhexidine Following Acid Etching on Microtensile Bond Strength of Resin Restorations: A Meta-Analysis

by Tasnim Hamdan-Nassar, Carlos Bellot-Arcís, Vanessa Paredes-Gallardo, Verónica García-Sanz, Agustín Pascual-Moscardó, José Manuel Almerich-Silla and José María Montiel-Company

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 769; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120769 - 02 Dec 2019

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4447

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effect of 2% chlorhexidine following acid etching on the microtensile bond strength of resin restorations for different follow-up times. Materials and Methods: A thorough search of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effect of 2% chlorhexidine following acid etching on the microtensile bond strength of resin restorations for different follow-up times. Materials and Methods: A thorough search of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases were conducted. In vitro experimental studies or in vivo studies published up to December 2018 with an experimental group treated with a 2% chlorhexidine solution following acid etching and a control group were included, wherein the final restoration used a resin composite in both the groups. Results: Twenty-one articles were identified for qualitative analysis and 18 for meta-analysis. The difference in the means of microtensile bond strength between the two groups was calculated for the different follow-up times. The differences were significant for 6 months (4.30 MPa; 95% CI 2.72–5.89), 12 months (8.41 MPa; 95% CI 4.93–11.88), and 2–5 years including aged and thermocycling samples (9.08 MPa; 95% CI 5.36–12.81). There were no significant differences for the type of adhesive used. A meta-regression model showed a significant effect of time on the microtensile bond strength. Conclusions: The application of a 2% chlorhexidine solution after acid etching increased the microtensile bond strength significantly for follow-up times of 6 months or more. The adhesive type had no influence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Dentistry)

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14 pages, 2288 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) on Urinary Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma―Next-Generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Approaches

by Hsiang-Ying Lee, Yi-Jen Chen, Wei-An Chang, Wei-Ming Li, Hung-Lung Ke, Wen-Jeng Wu and Po-Lin Kuo

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 768; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120768 - 01 Dec 2019

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3302

Abstract

Background and objectives: Bladder urothelial carcinoma is the most common type of genitourinary cancer. Patients with bladder cancer may have limited treatment efficacy related to drug toxicity, resistance or adverse effects, and novel therapeutic strategies to enhance treatment efficacy or increase sensitivity to [...] Read more.

Background and objectives: Bladder urothelial carcinoma is the most common type of genitourinary cancer. Patients with bladder cancer may have limited treatment efficacy related to drug toxicity, resistance or adverse effects, and novel therapeutic strategies to enhance treatment efficacy or increase sensitivity to drugs are of high clinical importance. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenolic compound found in green tea leaves, and a potential anti-cancer agent in various cancer types through modulating and regulating multiple signaling pathways. The current study aimed to explore the role and novel therapeutic targets of EGCG on bladder urothelial carcinoma. Materials and Methods: The BFTC-905 cells, human urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell line, were treated with EGCG or water for 24 hours, and the expression profiles of mRNAs and microRNAs were analyzed using next generation sequencing (NGS). The enriched biological functions were determined using different bioinformatics databases. Results: A total of 108 differentially expressed genes in EGCG-treated bladder TCC cells were identified, which were mainly involved in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biogenesis, inflammatory response and oxidation-reduction metabolism. Moreover, several microRNA-mRNA interactions that potentially participated in the response of bladder TCC to EGCG treatment, including miR-185-3p- ARRB1 (arrestin beta 1), miR-3116- MGAT5B (alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 6-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase B), miR-31-5p-TNS1 (tensin 1), miR-642a-5p-TNS1, miR-1226-3p- DLG2 (discs large homolog 2), miR-484-DLG2, and miR-22-3p- PPM1K (protein phosphatase 1K). Conclusions: The current findings provide insights into novel therapeutic targets and underlying mechanisms of action of EGCG treatment in bladder cancer. Full article

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9 pages, 295 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Comorbidities in the Link between Atrial Fibrillation and Cognitive Impairment: An Appraisal of Current Scientific Evidence

by Ahmed AlTurki, Jakub B. Maj, Mariam Marafi, Filippo Donato, Giovanni Vescovo, Vincenzo Russo and Riccardo Proietti

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 767; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120767 - 30 Nov 2019

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2746

Abstract

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice with implications on long-term outcomes. Metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus and obesity are independent predictors of atrial fibrillation and present therapeutic targets to reduce both the incidence and duration burden of [...] Read more.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice with implications on long-term outcomes. Metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus and obesity are independent predictors of atrial fibrillation and present therapeutic targets to reduce both the incidence and duration burden of atrial fibrillation. The presence of pericardial fat in direct contact with cardiac structures, as well the subsequent release of proinflammatory cytokines, may play an important role in this connection. Atrial fibrillation is an independent predictor of cognitive impairment and dementia. While clinical stroke is a major contributor, other factors such as cerebral hypoperfusion and microbleeds play important roles. New evidence suggests that atrial fibrillation and cognitive impairment may be downstream events of atrial cardiomyopathy, which may be caused by several factors including metabolic syndrome, obesity, and obstructive sleep apnea. The mechanisms linking these comorbidities to cognitive impairment are not yet fully elucidated. A clearer understanding of the association of AF with dementia and cognitive impairment is imperative. Future studies should focus on the predictors of cognitive impairment among those with AF and aim to understand the potential mechanisms underlying these associations. This would inform strategies for the management of AF aiming to prevent continued cognitive impairment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stroke, Dementia and Atrial Fibrillation)

6 pages, 663 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Indexes of Angiogenic Activation in Myocardial Samples of Patients with Advanced Chronic Heart Failure

by Klara Komici, Isabella Gnemmi, Claudia Sangiorgi, Fabio Luigi Massimo Ricciardolo, Mauro Rinaldi, Antonino Di Stefano and Ermanno Eleuteri

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 766; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120766 - 29 Nov 2019

Viewed by 1853

Abstract

Background and objectives: Ischemic and idiopathic heart failure are characterized by reactive cardiac fibrosis and impaired vasculogenesis involving pro-angiogenic factors such as angiogenin, angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), as demonstrated in experimental models of heart failure. However, differences in the molecular pathways [...] Read more.

Background and objectives: Ischemic and idiopathic heart failure are characterized by reactive cardiac fibrosis and impaired vasculogenesis involving pro-angiogenic factors such as angiogenin, angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), as demonstrated in experimental models of heart failure. However, differences in the molecular pathways between these cardiomyopathies are still unclear. In this short communication, we evaluate and compare the expression of pro-angiogenic molecules in the heart tissue of patients with advanced chronic heart failure (CHF) of ischemic vs. nonischemic etiology. Materials and Methods: We obtained heart tissue at transplantation from left ventricular walls of 16 explanted native hearts affected by either ischemic (ICM) or nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM). Tissue samples were examined using immunohistochemistry for angiogenic molecules. Results: We found immunopositivity (I-pos) for angiopoietin-1 mainly in the cardiomyocytes, while we observed I-pos for Ang-2 and Tie-2 receptor mainly in endothelial cells. Expression of Procollagen-I (PICP), angiogenin, Ang-1, and Tie-2 receptor was similar in ICM and NIDCM. In contrast, endothelial immunopositivity for Ang-2 was higher in ICM samples than NIDCM (p = 0.03). Conclusions: In our series of CHF heart samples, distribution of Ang-1 and angiogenin was higher in cardiomyocytes while that of Ang-2 was higher in endothelial cells; moreover, Ang-2 expression was higher in ICS than NIDCM. Despite the small series examined, these findings suggest different patterns of angiogenic stimulation in ICM and NIDCM, or at least a more altered endothelial integrity in ICD. Our data may contribute to a better understanding of the angiogenesis signaling pathways in CHF. Further studies should investigate differences in the biochemical processes leading to heart failure. Full article

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10 pages, 1687 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A View of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections in the North-West Region of Romania

by Cristian Jianu, Sorana D. Bolboacă, Adriana Violeta Topan, Irina Filipescu, Mihaela Elena Jianu and Corina Itu-Mureşan

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 765; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120765 - 29 Nov 2019

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2345

Abstract

Background and Objectives: In Romania, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic is almost the same as it is in Central Europe, with some differences; particularity the following one: people with nosocomial HIV infection, also known as Romanian cohort. Aim: The study [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: In Romania, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic is almost the same as it is in Central Europe, with some differences; particularity the following one: people with nosocomial HIV infection, also known as Romanian cohort. Aim: The study aimed to present a local view of HIV infection in the North-West part of Romania, and to identify the particularities of patients under medical care in the Cluj AIDS Center. Materials and Methods: The demographic characteristics (age and gender), and medical and epidemiological data (stage of HIV infection and mode of transmission) of patients in a medical care in the Cluj Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Center were evaluated. Data from the first patients admitted between 1989 and 2018, and the statuses of the infected persons as per 31 December 2018 were analyzed. Results: Nine hundred and fourteen patients were included in the study. The patients’ ages varied from 0 (newborns from HIV-infected mothers) to 72 years old, and most patients were men (596 men vs. 318 women). The main mode of transmission was sexual (>50%), with an increased number of men who have sex with men (MSM) in the last years (from two cases in 2006 to thirty-four cases in 2018), and a very small percentage of intravenous drug users (IDU; <1%). The patients from the Romanian cohort were more frequently women as compared with men (p-value <0.0001), women were more frequently later presenters than men (p-value <0.0001), and the women more frequently had candidosis (p-value = 0.0372), cerebral toxoplasmosis (p-value = 0.0404), and co-infection with hepatitis B virus (p-value = 0.0018). One hundred and sixty patients died by the end of 2018 (17.5%). Sixty-eight children had been born from HIV-infected mothers, and 17 were HIV infected (25%). Conclusion: The main mode of HIV transmission in our sample was sexual, with an increased number of MSM over the last years and a low number of cases of intravenous drug users. A quarter of children borne from HIV-infected mothers were HIV infected. Full article

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10 pages, 1467 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Long Term Results of Modified Intersphincteric Resections for Low Rectal Cancer: A Single Center Experience

by Vlad-Olimpiu Butiurca, Călin Molnar, Copotoiu Constantin, Marian Botoncea, Teodor Ioan Bud, Zsolt Kovacs, Cătălin Satala and Simona Gurzu

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 764; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120764 - 29 Nov 2019

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2090

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The objective of this article is to evaluate the long-term oncological and functional outcomes following modified intersphincteric resections (ISR) for low rectal cancer. The modified technique consisted of the abandonment of colonic J-pouches, transverse coloplasty, or defunctioning temporary stoma in [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: The objective of this article is to evaluate the long-term oncological and functional outcomes following modified intersphincteric resections (ISR) for low rectal cancer. The modified technique consisted of the abandonment of colonic J-pouches, transverse coloplasty, or defunctioning temporary stoma in favor of a direct handsewn coloanal anastomosis (CAA). Material and Methods: Sixty consecutive patients with type II and III (juxta-anal or intra-anal) low rectal tumors underwent modified ISR by the same surgical team and were followed for a period of five years. Functional outcomes using the Wexner Score, postoperative complications, recurrence rates, morbidity, and mortality rates were assessed. Results: The five-year survival rate was 93.3% with a disease-free interval at three years of 98%. Morbidity was 15% (n = 9) consisting of intestinal wall necrosis (n = 6), stenosis (n = 2), and sacral metastasis (n = 1). The Wexner score values were, at 1 year, 8.5 (range, 4–13); at three years 7.2 (range, 2–11); and at 5 years 6.7 (range, 2–12). A second surgery was needed in only one case that showed postoperative transmural necrosis of the colonic wall. Conclusions: In highly selected patients with type II or III low rectal tumors and proper preoperative imaging staging, ISR might be a viable alternative to other techniques such as abdominoperineal resection and low anterior resection, both from a functional and an oncological perspective. Full article

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11 pages, 3207 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ischemic Muscle Necrosis of Lower Extremities in Peripheral Arterial Disease: The Impact of 99mTc-MDP Scintigraphy on Patient Management

by Donatas Jocius, Donatas Vajauskas, Arminas Skrebunas, Marijus Gutauskas and Algirdas Edvardas Tamosiunas

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 763; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120763 - 28 Nov 2019

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2711

Abstract

Background and objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the value of a whole-body bone scintigraphy using 99m technetium labelled-methyl diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) for the diagnosis and the assessment of grades of muscle damage after prolonged acute or chronic obstruction of the [...] Read more.

Background and objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the value of a whole-body bone scintigraphy using 99m technetium labelled-methyl diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) for the diagnosis and the assessment of grades of muscle damage after prolonged acute or chronic obstruction of the main arteries in lower extremities. Material and Methods: Fifty consecutive patients were selected for the study. The patients’ condition had not improved after primary peripheral arterial reconstruction operation or limb amputation and after conservative treatment. The clinical suspicion was of arterial obstruction and muscle necrosis. All the patients underwent whole-body scintigraphy with 99mTc-MDP. Muscle necrosis was identified as an increased soft tissue uptake of 99mTc-MDP. Results: Forty-five patients had gross muscle necrosis detected on whole-body scintigraphy with 99mTc-MDP and were histologically confirmed after repeated surgery (necrectomy or amputation) or by muscle biopsy, if only fasciotomy was performed. The location and extent of muscle injury were assessed preoperatively and the findings were confirmed in all 45 patients. Twelve patients with clinically suspected minor muscle damage, which was confirmed as relatively minor muscle necrosis on 99mTc-MDP scintigraphy, were treated conservatively. The clinical outcome of all 50 patients was favorable. The 99mTc-MDP scintigraphy, in detection of muscular necrosis, demonstrated sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 97.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 85.4 to 99.3%), 30.77% (95% confidence interval (CI) 9.09 to 61.43%), and 80% (95% confidence interval (CI) 66.28 to 89.97%), respectively. Conclusion: The 99mTc-MDP scintigraphy is a valuable tool in the detection of muscular necrosis. It is able to define location, extent, and grade of involvement. Therefore, it has a clinical impact in patient management, allowing clinicians to select adequate treatment policy and specify the scope of necrectomy. Full article

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38 pages, 3968 KiB

Open AccessReview

Pharmacologic and Non-Pharmacologic Interventions for HIV-Neuropathy Pain. A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis

by Aikaterini Amaniti, Chrysanthi Sardeli, Varvara Fyntanidou, Panagiota Papakonstantinou, Ioannis Dalakakis, Antonios Mylonas, Konstantinos Sapalidis, Christoforos Kosmidis, Athanasios Katsaounis, Dimitrios Giannakidis, Charilaos Koulouris, Zoi Aidoni, Nikolaos Michalopoulos, Paul Zarogoulidis, Isaak Kesisoglou, Aris Ioannidis, Anastasios Vagionas, Konstantinos Romanidis, Panagoula Oikonomou and Vasilios Grosomanidis

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 762; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120762 - 28 Nov 2019

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3482

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Among HIV infection symptoms, sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) remains a main cause of suffering, with incidence varying from 13–50%. So far, numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments have been tested, although few evidence-based analgesic options are available. We conducted an up-to-date systematic [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Among HIV infection symptoms, sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) remains a main cause of suffering, with incidence varying from 13–50%. So far, numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments have been tested, although few evidence-based analgesic options are available. We conducted an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature in order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments for pain control, in patients with HIV neuropathy. Materials and Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus/Elsevier, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), USA Clinical Trials registry, and The International Web of Science up to April 2019. All randomized controlled trials evaluating efficacy and safety of non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies were included. Efficacy was defined as pain reduction during the study period. Safety was estimated from adverse events. A meta-analysis was performed whenever possible. Results: 27 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included for analysis (7 evaluating non pharmacologic interventions, 20 pharmacologic therapies). Non-pharmacologic studies (n = 742) involved seven different therapeutic modalities. Only Acupuncture/Moxibustion showed pain reduction over placebo, Gracely Pain Scale Mean (SD): Acu/Moxa 0.85 (0.12), placebo 1.10 (0.09), p = 0.05. Pharmacologic studies, involving 2516 patients revealed efficacy for capsaicin 8% over placebo (mean difference −8.04 [95% CI: −14.92 −1.15], smoked cannabis (where pooling data for meta-analysis was not possible) and recombinant Nerve Growth Factor. Conclusion: Despite various modalities for pain control in HIV-SN, strongest evidence exists for capsaicin 8% and smoked cannabis, although of low methodological quality. Among non-pharmacologic modalities, only Acu/Moxa gave a marginal beneficial effect in one study, possibly limited by inherent methodological flaws. Full article

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10 pages, 1750 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Increase of MAL-II Binding Alpha2,3-Sialylated Glycan Is Associated with 5-FU Resistance and Short Survival of Cholangiocarcinoma Patients

by Sasiprapa Wattanavises, Atit Silsirivanit, Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth, Ubon Cha’on, Sakda Waraasawapati, Waraporn Saentaweesuk, Sukanya Luang, Chalongchai Chalermwat, Chaisiri Wongkham and Sopit Wongkham

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 761; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120761 - 28 Nov 2019

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2295

Abstract

Background and objectives: Sialylation plays important roles in tumor progression. Our present study aimed to demonstrate the alteration of sialylation and its role in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Materials and Methods: The α2,3- and α2,6-sialylation in CCA tissue was analyzed by lectin-histochemistry using Maackia amurensis [...] Read more.

Background and objectives: Sialylation plays important roles in tumor progression. Our present study aimed to demonstrate the alteration of sialylation and its role in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Materials and Methods: The α2,3- and α2,6-sialylation in CCA tissue was analyzed by lectin-histochemistry using Maackia amurensis lectin-II (MAL-II) and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA). CCA cell lines were treated with the pan-sialylation inhibitor 3Fax-peracetyl-Neu5Ac (3F-Sia) followed by proliferation and chemosensitivity assays. Results: MAL-II binding α2,3-Sialylated Glycan (MAL-SG) and SNA binding α2,6-Sialylated Glycan (SNA-SG) were both elevated in CCA compared with hyperplastic/dysplastic (HP/DP) and normal bile ducts (NBD). The positive staining for MAL-SG or SNA-SG were found in 82% (61/74) of the CCA cases. Higher expression of MAL-SG in CCA was associated with shorter survival of the patients. The median survival of patients with high and low MAL-SG were 167 and 308 days, respectively, with overall survival of 233 days, suggesting the involvement of MAL-SG in CCA progression. MAL-SG expression of CCA cell lines was markedly decreased after treatment with 3F-Sia for 48 to 72 h. While proliferation of CCA cells were not affected by 3F-Sia treatment, their susceptibility to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was significantly enhanced. These results suggest that sialylation is involved in the development of 5-FU resistance and the sialylation inhibitor 3F-Sia can be used as a chemosensitizer for CCA. Conclusions: Sialylation is critically involved in the development of chemoresistance of CCA, and sialylation inhibitors may be used as a chemosensitizer in CCA treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gastroenterology & Hepatology)

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11 pages, 1233 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Laryngoscopic Views between C-MAC™ and Conventional Laryngoscopy in Patients with Multiple Preoperative Prognostic Criteria of Difficult Intubation. An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

by Aikaterini Amaniti, Panagiota Papakonstantinou, Dimitrios Gkinas, Ioannis Dalakakis, Evangelia Papapostolou, Anastasia Nikopoulou, Marianna Tsatali, Paul Zarogoulidis, Konstantinos Sapalidis, Christoforos Kosmidis, Charilaos Koulouris, Dimitrios Giannakidis, Konstantinos Romanidis, Panagoula Oikonomou, Nikolaos Michalopoulos, Aris Ioannidis, Kosmas Tsakiridis, Anastasios Vagionas, Isaak Kesisoglou and Vasilios Grosomanidis

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 760; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120760 - 27 Nov 2019

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2241

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Video laryngoscopy has been proven useful under difficult airway scenarios, but it is unclear whether anticipated improvement of visualization is related to specific difficult intubation prognostic factors. The present study evaluated the change in laryngoscopic view between conventional and C-MAC [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Video laryngoscopy has been proven useful under difficult airway scenarios, but it is unclear whether anticipated improvement of visualization is related to specific difficult intubation prognostic factors. The present study evaluated the change in laryngoscopic view between conventional and C-MAC^® laryngoscopy and the presence of multiple difficult intubation risk factors. Materials and Methods: Patients scheduled for elective surgery with >2 difficult intubation factors, (Mallampati, thyromental distance (TMD), interinscisor gap, buck teeth, upper lip bite test, cervical motility, body mass index (BMI)) were eligible. Patients underwent direct laryngoscopy (DL) followed by C-MAC™ laryngoscopy (VL) and intubation. Change of view between DL and VL, time for best view, intubation difficulty scale (IDS) and correlation between prognostic factors, laryngoscopic view improvement, and IDS were measured. Results: One-hundred and seventy-six patients completed the study. VL lead to fewer Cormarck–Lehane (C/L) III-IV, compared to DL (13.6% versus 54.6%, p < 0.001). The time to best view was also shorter (VL: 10.82 s, DL: 12.08 s, p = 0.19). Mallampati III-IV and TMD ≤ 6 cm were related to improvement of C/L between DL and VL. Logistic regression showed these two factors to be a significant risk factor of the glottis view change (p = 0.006, AUC-ROC = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.47–0.66). 175/176 patients were intubated with VL. 108/176 were graded as 0 < IDS ≤ 5 and 12/176 as IDS > 5. IDS was only correlated to the VL view (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: VL improved laryngoscopic view in patients with multiple factors of difficult intubation. Mallampati and TMD were related to the improved view. However, intubation difficulty was only related to the VL view and not to prognostic factors. Full article

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10 pages, 1153 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

ACTH-dependent Hypercortisolemia in a Patient with a Pituitary Microadenoma and an Atypical Carcinoid Tumour of the Thymus

by Angelika Baranowska-Jurkun, Magdalena Szychlińska, Wojciech Matuszewski, Robert Modzelewski and Elżbieta Bandurska-Stankiewicz

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 759; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120759 - 27 Nov 2019

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4863

Abstract

Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a set of clinical symptoms which occur as a result of hypercortisolemia. Endogenous ACTH-dependent CS related to an ectopic ACTH-secreting tumour constitutes 12%–17% of CS cases and is one of the most common causes of paraneoplastic syndromes. This study [...] Read more.

Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a set of clinical symptoms which occur as a result of hypercortisolemia. Endogenous ACTH-dependent CS related to an ectopic ACTH-secreting tumour constitutes 12%–17% of CS cases and is one of the most common causes of paraneoplastic syndromes. This study presents a case of a 31 year-old man with diabetes, hypertension, rosacea, purple stretch marks and hypokalemia. Findings of diagnostic procedures include high concentrations of cortisol and ACTH, pituitary microadenoma and a tumour in the anterior mediastinum. Dynamic hormone tests determined the source of excess hormone secretion and ectopic ACTH-dependent CS was diagnosed. Due to increasing symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome, an emergency resection of almost the whole tumour was performed, with only a small part of the upper pole left because of the proximity of large vessels and a risk of damaging them. On the basis of histopathological tests, an atypical carcinoid tumour of the thymus was identified. Immediately after the surgical procedure, there was a significant reduction of clinical and laboratory traits of hypercortisolemia, yet, during the 46 weeks of postoperative observation, despite chemotherapy, the progression of residual masses of the tumour occurred with metastases and increased hormone indices. The presented case shows and discusses the differentiation of ACTH-dependent hypercortisolemia and its causes, difficulties in surgical therapy and chemotherapy, as well as prognosis for atypical carcinoid of the thymus, which is a rare disease. Full article

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Open AccessArticle

Glutamic Acid Increased Methotrexate Polyglutamation and Cytotoxicity in a CCRF-SB Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Line

by Alma Mendoza-Santiago, Edgardo Becerra, Edith Garay, Moustapha Bah, Laura Berumen-Segura, Jesica Escobar-Cabrera, Abigail Hernández-Pérez and Guadalupe García-Alcocer

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 758; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120758 - 26 Nov 2019

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Abstract

Background and Objectives: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of cancer in childhood. The majority of patients respond to treatment, but those with resistant phenotypes suffer relapse or death. The antifolate methotrexate (MTX) is the most commonly used drug against [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of cancer in childhood. The majority of patients respond to treatment, but those with resistant phenotypes suffer relapse or death. The antifolate methotrexate (MTX) is the most commonly used drug against ALL due to its efficacy. Once inside leukemic cells, MTX is metabolized into methotrexate polyglutamates (MTX-PG) by action of the enzyme folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS), leading to a longer action compared to that of MTX alone. Materials and Methods: In this work, we demonstrated that the combination treatment of methotrexate and 5 and 10 mM glutamic acid could enhance methotrexate cytotoxicity in CCRF-SB (B-ALL) cells. In addition, MTX plus 20 mM glutamic acid was able to improve the synthesis of MTX-PG₅. Results: All treatments induced an increase in FPGS expression compared to that of the control group. Furthermore, we detected different cellular expression patterns of FPGS in the different treatments. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we demonstrated that levels of methotrexate polyglutamates (MTX-PGs) could be a key determinant of methotrexate-induced cytotoxicity in CCRF-SB acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Full article

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Open AccessArticle

Ultra-Early and Early Changes in Bile Acids and Insulin after Sleeve Gastrectomy among Obese Patients

by Adriana Florinela Cӑtoi, Alina Elena Pârvu, Aurel Mironiuc, Horațiu Silaghi, Ioana Delia Pop and Andra Diana Andreicuț

Medicina 2019, 55(12), 757; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120757 - 22 Nov 2019

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1790

Abstract

Background and Objective: In obese patients, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has shown mixed results on bile acid (BA) values. The aim of our study was to examine the potential ultra-early and early changes of the circulating total BA in relation with the changes of [...] Read more.

Background and Objective: In obese patients, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has shown mixed results on bile acid (BA) values. The aim of our study was to examine the potential ultra-early and early changes of the circulating total BA in relation with the changes of insulin resistance (IR) in obese patients submitted to laparoscopic SG. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four obese subjects were investigated for body mass index (BMI), total fasting BA, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and leptin before and at 7 and 30 d after SG. Results: After surgery, mean BMI decreased at the first (p < 0.001) and at the second time point (p < 0.001) relative to baseline. Total fasting BA values did not change significantly at 7 d (p = 0.938) and at 30 d (p = 0.289) after SG. No significant changes were found at 7 d (p = 0.194, p = 0.34) and 30 d (p = 0.329, p = 0.151) after surgery regarding fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, respectively. However, a trend of increased total fasting BA and decreased fasting insulin and HOMA- after laparoscopic SG has been found. Negative correlations between total fasting BA and insulin (r = −0.807, p = 0.009), HOMA-IR (r = −0.855, p = 0.014), and blood glucose (r = −0.761, p = 0.047), respectively, were observed at one month after SG. Conclusion: In conclusion, here, we found a lack of significant changes in total fasting BA, insulin, and HOMA-IR ultra-early and early after SG, which precluded us to consider a possible relation between the variations of BA and IR. However, the presence of the tendency for total fasting BA to increase and for insulin and HOMA-IR to decrease, as well as of the negative correlations one month after laparoscopic SG, suggest that this surgery brings about some changes that point towards the existence, and possibly towards the restoration, at least to some extent, of the link between BA and glucose metabolism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Physical Activity and Behavioral Interventions for the Treatment of Overweight or Obese Individuals)

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Medicina, Volume 55, Issue 12 (December 2019) – 36 articles

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