Detection and Evaluation of Environmental Stress in Winter Wheat Using Remote and Proximal Sensing Methods and Vegetation Indices—A Review
Round 1
Reviewer 1 Report
The authors provide an overview of climate change induced stress parameters and physiological responses in winter wheat. And to show how the combination of remote and proximal sensing techniques and data analysis using vegetation indices, chemometrics, and various machine learning techniques can help in the detection and evaluation of stress factors (abiotic and biotic) in winter wheat crops, and based on this, support decision making processes in precision agriculture. The paper is logical and reasonable.
Author Response
Dear reviewer,
I would like to thank you for your time and effort in reading our article. Also, for your comments and suggestions.
REVIEWER 1
REVIEWER’S COMMENTS:
- The authors provide an overview of climate change induced stress parameters and physiological responses in winter wheat. And to show how the combination of remote and proximal sensing techniques and data analysis using vegetation indices, chemometrics, and various machine learning techniques can help in the detection and evaluation of stress factors (abiotic and biotic) in winter wheat crops, and based on this, support decision making processes in precision agriculture. The paper is logical and reasonable.
Author Response File: 
Author Response.pdf
Reviewer 2 Report
Hi Authors
the paper is quite impressive besides that very very long sentences and uncited literature. Ensure that you reduce some of the sentences and also ensure that information from other literature is cited. The paper is quite comprehensive and very informative. I have included the PDF with my few comments and I hope they will help improve the paper.
Comments for author File: Comments.pdf
Author Response
Dear reviewer,
I would like to thank you for your time and effort in reading our article. Also, for your comments and suggestions.
REVIEWER 2
RESPONSE TO REVIEWER’S COMMENTS:
- The paper is quite impressive besides that very very long sentences and uncited literature. Ensure that you reduce some of the sentences and also ensure that information from other literature is cited. The paper is quite comprehensive and very informative. I have included the PDF with my few comments and I hope they will help improve the paper.
Response: All required citations and sources have been inserted in text.
- L43: lets not personalise, report in third person
Response: Since authors and contributors come from different working cultures and styles, the use of such sentence constructions may vary in different traditions. In our case, we often follow the guidelines of IEEE (e.g., such as for Q1 journal IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics), and such sentence constructions are normal or even encouraged in some cases. This can be found, for example, in the document given here: https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/societyimages/tgrs/author_guide_interactive%20English.pdf. More precisely, we found the active form ("We are currently experiencing the Russian invasion of Ukraine...") more interesting and less ambiguous. However, we appreciate the reviewer's comment and have now revised the document to reduce the number of such occurrences throughout the paper.
- L86 - L90: the sentence is too long
Response: The sentence has been shortened.
- L104: stick to third person and reduce the sentence - its too long
Response: The sentence has been shortened and active form ˝we˝ is now changed to passive.
- L165: please work on your sentences they are long and its dis
Response: The sentence has been shortened.
- L477: and radiometric resolution
Response: The term ˝radiometric˝ added in text.
- L597: analysis
Response: The term ˝analyzes˝ has been changed to ˝analysis˝.
- L871 - L876: avoid long sentences
Response: The sentence has been shortened.
Author Response File: Author Response.pdf
Reviewer 3 Report
Climate change has a significant impact on the cultivation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) due to the occurrence of various environmental stress parameters. This study reviews recent findings in applying remote and proximal sensing methods for early detection and evaluation of abiotic and biotic stress parameters in crops, emphasizing winter wheat. It provides an overview of climate change-induced stress parameters in winter wheat, their physiological responses, and the most promising non-invasive remote sensing methods, such as airborne and satellite multispectral (VIS and NIR) hyperspectral imaging. It also presents the main application areas of sensor-based analysis, namely decision-making processes in precision agriculture.
Here are the points that should be addressed:
2.1. Drought stress. Approximately 80-95% of the plant's fresh biomass is water, which plays a critical role in different physiological processes, including plant growth, development, and metabolism. Therefore, many authors consider drought as the most important environmental stress for various plants, especially winter wheat. Please conclude the corresponding physiological response mechanism of winter wheat, and use the possible figure to display those mechanisms.
2.2. Heat stress. Temperature is an important factor affecting all phenophases of wheat plants, such as germination, tillering, stem elongation, booting, anthesis, and ripening. Extreme heat has many influences, such as the typical acceleration of plant development at higher temperatures and the direct physiological effects of high temperatures on plant growth, reproduction, and final yield. Please conclude the corresponding physiological response mechanism of winter wheat, and use the possible figure to display those mechanisms.
2.3. Salinity stress. Salinity stress produces many symptoms similar to those of drought stress. The occurrence of salt in the soil reduces the plant's ability to absorb water, resulting in a reduction in growth rate. Please conclude the corresponding physiological response mechanism of winter wheat, and use the possible figure to display those mechanisms.
2.4. Nutrient deficiency stress. Nitrogen is a limiting factor for plant growth, as evidenced by lower plant productivity following N reduction. Plants quickly perceive the stress of nitrogen deficiency and respond with various physiological and metabolic processes. Please conclude the corresponding physiological response mechanism of winter wheat, and use the possible figure to display those mechanisms.
2.5. Frost stress. Cold temperatures or frost cause tremendous agricultural losses, especially cereal crops in subtropical and temperate regions. Please conclude the corresponding physiological response mechanism of winter wheat, and use the possible figure to display those mechanisms.
2.6. Waterlogging stress. Inadequate soil aeration combined with excessive moisture usually has a negative effect on plant growth and leads to waterlogging. This phenomenon is becoming an obvious obstacle to agricultural production due to the increasing frequency of extremely heavy rainfall. Please conclude the corresponding physiological response mechanism of winter wheat, and use the possible figure to display those mechanisms, and it is the same comments with 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3.
Author Response
Dear reviewer,
I would like to thank you for your time and effort in reading our article. Also, for your comments and suggestions.
REVIEWER 3
RESPONSE TO REVIEWER’S COMMENTS:
- Climate change has a significant impact on the cultivation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) due to the occurrence of various environmental stress parameters. This study reviews recent findings in applying remote and proximal sensing methods for early detection and evaluation of abiotic and biotic stress parameters in crops, emphasizing winter wheat. It provides an overview of climate change-induced stress parameters in winter wheat, their physiological responses, and the most promising non-invasive remote sensing methods, such as airborne and satellite multispectral (VIS and NIR) hyperspectral imaging. It also presents the main application areas of sensor-based analysis, namely decision-making processes in precision agriculture.
Here are the points that should be addressed:
2.1. Drought stress. Approximately 80-95% of the plant's fresh biomass is water, which plays a critical role in different physiological processes, including plant growth, development, and metabolism. Therefore, many authors consider drought as the most important environmental stress for various plants, especially winter wheat. Please conclude the corresponding physiological response mechanism of winter wheat, and use the possible figure to display those mechanisms.
Response: Abiotic stress due to drought and its corresponding physiological responses of winter wheat are presented in Figure 1 - L127
2.2. Heat stress. Temperature is an important factor affecting all phenophases of wheat plants, such as germination, tillering, stem elongation, booting, anthesis, and ripening. Extreme heat has many influences, such as the typical acceleration of plant development at higher temperatures and the direct physiological effects of high temperatures on plant growth, reproduction, and final yield. Please conclude the corresponding physiological response mechanism of winter wheat, and use the possible figure to display those mechanisms.
Response: Abiotic stress due to heat and its corresponding physiological responses of winter wheat are presented in Figure 1 - L127
2.3. Salinity stress. Salinity stress produces many symptoms similar to those of drought stress. The occurrence of salt in the soil reduces the plant's ability to absorb water, resulting in a reduction in growth rate. Please conclude the corresponding physiological response mechanism of winter wheat, and use the possible figure to display those mechanisms.
Response: Abiotic stress due to salinity and its corresponding physiological responses of winter wheat are presented in Figure 1 - L127
2.4. Nutrient deficiency stress. Nitrogen is a limiting factor for plant growth, as evidenced by lower plant productivity following N reduction. Plants quickly perceive the stress of nitrogen deficiency and respond with various physiological and metabolic processes. Please conclude the corresponding physiological response mechanism of winter wheat, and use the possible figure to display those mechanisms.
Response: Abiotic stress due to N, P and K deficiency and its corresponding physiological responses of winter wheat are presented in Figure 1 - L127
2.5. Frost stress. Cold temperatures or frost cause tremendous agricultural losses, especially cereal crops in subtropical and temperate regions. Please conclude the corresponding physiological response mechanism of winter wheat, and use the possible figure to display those mechanisms.
Response: Abiotic stress due to frost and its corresponding physiological responses of winter wheat are presented in Figure 1 - L127
2.6. Waterlogging stress. Inadequate soil aeration combined with excessive moisture usually has a negative effect on plant growth and leads to waterlogging. This phenomenon is becoming an obvious obstacle to agricultural production due to the increasing frequency of extremely heavy rainfall. Please conclude the corresponding physiological response mechanism of winter wheat, and use the possible figure to display those mechanisms, and it is the same comments with 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3.
Response: Abiotic stress due to waterlogging and its corresponding physiological responses of winter wheat are presented in Figure 1 - L127
Biotic stress factors from sections 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 (weeds, insect pests and diseases) and its corresponding physiological responses of winter wheat are presented in Figure 2 - L331
Author Response File: Author Response.pdf
